The Changing Atmosphere and the Role of Hydrogen

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Erik Solem ◽  
J. Rennie Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Primary Energy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
World Energy ◽  
International Attention

“Changing Atmosphere – Implications for Global Security”, Toronto 1988, attracted international attention to the dangers of the greenhouse effect. It focused attention on the need for cleaner primary energy sources and energy carriers. This implies not only greater efficiency and conservation but also a move away from high carbon content fuels. There will be increasing pressure on decision makers to take appropriate action in complex and difficult matters that will have profound political, social and economic implications. Hydrogen has an important role as an energy source in the short, medium and long term. Early applications of hydrogen include the enrichment of hydrogen-deficient oils and solid fuels, its role in the replacement of gasoline in urban vehicles, its use as an energy-storage medium for load-levelling, and for the transportation of large quantities of energy when other means are not available. In the long term it could become a principal world energy currency. In this role it is compatible with and complementary to electricity.

Building Evaluation Capital in Government: A Queensland Departmental Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Sarah Goswami ◽  
Vicki Lane
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Evaluation Capacity Building ◽  
Statutory Body

Increasingly, government departments are being held accountable for investment in public services. In Queensland the Financial Accountability Act 2009 (Queensland Treasury, 2016) requires that accountable officers and statutory bodies ‘achieve reasonable value for money by ensuring the operations of the department or statutory body are carried out efficiently, effectively and economically’ (Section 61). Whilst there is a directive for agencies to evaluate and demonstrate value for money, it has in practice been difficult to embed long term, as many systems and decision makers have neglected the role of organisation-wide evaluation capital. This paper will outline the work being undertaken in the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) to implement an Impact and Investment Framework, which will support and embed evaluation in a multidisciplinary setting. A central tenant of this framework is ‘business empowerment and learning'—building the evaluation culture in the organisation by first establishing evaluation building blocks, through business empowerment, support and utility. The framework is comprised of five key elements and is built on the principles of evaluation and evaluation capacity building disciplines. It has been designed to be low-cost, effective and efficient, whilst enabling business improvement, meeting accountability needs and allowing the department to demonstrate the value of its work.

Teaching Advocacy in the Nonprofit Classroom: Three Pedagogical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyana Mason ◽  
Jennifer Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

Nonprofit organizations that engage in advocacy strengthen their ability to meet their mission by supporting systematic change. As such, students enrolled in nonprofit management programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels should develop both the knowledge of and the skills to engage in advocacy. Students should be trained to consider advocacy as part of a long-term strategic plan to accomplish their mission; however, there is little research or training on how to best teach advocacy to nonprofit students. This paper presents an active learning pedagogical approach. First, we present the literature documenting the role of advocacy in nonprofit organizations and related government regulations. Next, we outline three pedagogical techniques instructors may use to allow students to understand and practice advocacy. With each technique, we include resources and suggestions for faculty. The goal is to provide an opportunity for students to engage directly in policy issues being considered at the local, state or national levels, understand how these issues impact the sector and those being served, and how to take concrete steps to inform the public. These strategies can help shape the debate and offer solutions to decision makers.

scholarly journals A continued role of short-lived climate forcers under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-993
Author(s):  
Marianne T. Lund ◽  
Borgar Aamaas ◽  
Camilla W. Stjern ◽  
Zbigniew Klimont ◽  
Terje K. Berntsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Impact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Temperature Responses

Abstract. Mitigation of non-CO2 emissions plays a key role in meeting the Paris Agreement ambitions and sustainable development goals. Implementation of respective policies addressing these targets mainly occur at sectoral and regional levels, and designing efficient mitigation strategies therefore relies on detailed knowledge about the mix of emissions from individual sources and their subsequent climate impact. Here we present a comprehensive dataset of near- and long-term global temperature responses to emissions of CO2 and individual short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) from 7 sectors and 13 regions – for both present-day emissions and their continued evolution as projected under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). We demonstrate the key role of CO2 in driving both near- and long-term warming and highlight the importance of mitigating methane emissions from agriculture, waste management, and energy production as the primary strategy to further limit near-term warming. Due to high current emissions of cooling SLCFs, policies targeting end-of-pipe energy sector emissions may result in net added warming unless accompanied by simultaneous methane and/or CO2 reductions. We find that SLCFs are projected to play a continued role in many regions, particularly those including low- to medium-income countries, under most of the SSPs considered here. East Asia, North America, and Europe will remain the largest contributors to total net warming until 2100, regardless of scenario, while South Asia and Africa south of the Sahara overtake Europe by the end of the century in SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. Our dataset is made available in an accessible format, aimed also at decision makers, to support further assessment of the implications of policy implementation at the sectoral and regional scales.

scholarly journals The role of Twitter in the life cycle of a scientific publication

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S Darling ◽  
David Shiffman ◽  
Isabelle M. Côté ◽  
Joshua A Drew
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Long Term Impact

Twitter is a micro-blogging social media platform for short messages that can have a long-term impact on how scientists create and publish ideas. We investigate the usefulness of twitter in the development and distribution of scientific knowledge. At the start of the 'life cycle' of a scientific publication, twitter provides a large virtual department of colleagues that can help to rapidly generate, share and refine new ideas. As ideas become manuscripts, twitter can be used as an informal arena for the pre-review of works in progress. Finally, tweeting published findings can communicate research to a broad audience of other researchers, decision makers, journalists and the general public that can amplify the scientific and social impact of publications. However, there are limitations, largely surrounding issues of intellectual property and ownership, inclusiveness and misrepresentations of science ‘sound bites’. Nevertheless, we believe twitter is a useful social media tool that can provide a valuable contribution to scientific publishing in the 21st century.

Ammonia and Methanol as Energy Carriers Towards 2060 The Long-Term Plan Strategy: A Comparative Perspective of China and Indonesia Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Tri Ligayanti ◽  
Raldi Hendro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
Management Optimization

The objective of this paper was to review China’s long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and to compare with Indonesia’s case in term of energy carriers such as Ammonia and Methanol. Topics regarding China and Indonesia's long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and strategy are important to be discussed because it will open up issues related to the role of primary energy, chemical-energy nexus and the blue energy economy supported by technology innovation, and political will. The energy-chemical nexus on the background of the Ammonia & Methanol industries are the largest sources of CO2 emissions in China, so it will contribute significantly to emission reductions from the energy transition to carbon neutral energy. From the efforts made by China, it can provide information and considerations to Indonesian policy makers and researchers on their efforts regarding resource management optimization to reconcile the tradeoffs on resources protection and development of socioeconomic as well as to ensure a sustainable system.ABSTRAKTujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk meninjau kebijakan netral karbon jangka panjang Tiongkok 2060 dan membandingkan dengan kasus Indonesia dalam hal pembawa energi seperti Amoniak dan Metanol. Topik mengenai kebijakan dan strategi jangka panjang karbon netral 2060 Tiongkok dan Indonesia penting untuk dibahas karena akan mengangkat isu terkait peran energi primer, perhubungan energi kimia dan ekonomi energi biru yang didukung oleh inovasi teknologi, dan kemauan politik. Hubungan energi-kimia di latarbelakangi industri Amoniak & Metanol adalah sumber emisi CO2 terbesar di Tiongkok, sehingga akan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan emisi dari transisi energi ke energi netral karbon. Dari upaya yang dilakukan oleh Tiongkok, dapat memberikan informasi dan pertimbangan kepada pembuat kebijakan dan peneliti Indonesia tentang upaya mereka mengenai optimalisasi pengelolaan sumber daya untuk mempertemukan timbal balik perlindungan sumber daya dan pengembangan sosial ekonomi serta untuk memastikan sistem yang berkelanjutan.

Is There a Need for Elimination of the VAT in Russia? (Problem Analysis Subject to Long-term Forecast of Tax System Stability)

2008 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
I. Trunun
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Retail Sales Tax

The role of the value-added tax in Russia, reduction of the tax rate in order to minimize its distortionary effects on economic development and even its possible replacement with the retail sales tax are one of the most popular discussion topics among decision-makers through the last 2-3 years. The paper is focused on the analysis of the VAT in Russia, its revenue-raising function as well as its role in tax policy and tax system of Russia. The conclusions are based on alternative options of economic policy that include elimination of the VAT in Russia.

Rethinking the Structural Prevention of Mass Atrocities

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Structural Prevention ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Causes Of Violence

Interest amongst scholars and policy decision-makers in the prevention of genocide and other mass atrocities has grown in recent years. Despite this, many have overlooked problems inherent in the commonly accepted notion of prevention. Crystalized in the Carnegie Commission’s 1997 report, ‘Preventing Deadly Conflict’, prevention has typically been understood in two parts, one addressing impending cases of violence (direct prevention) and the other focusing on the underlying causes of violence (structural prevention). The concept of structural prevention is especially problematic. Commonly defined as the identification and addressing of ‘root causes’, this conceptualisation contains at least two limitations: first, there is an implicit assumption that root causes lead inevitably to violence, and second, there has been a tendency for international actors to decide, in general and global terms, what counts as root causes and how to ameliorate them, downplaying the role of local contexts and overlooking the preventive work of local and national actors. This article argues that the concept of structural prevention needs broadening to incorporate an understanding of the dynamic interaction between the risk that root causes pose, and locally-based mitigation factors that foster resilience. Effective long-term prevention should be based – not only on identifying and ameliorating negative characteristics in countries at risk – but also on contributing to the complex management of diversity. While this makes intuitive sense – and may in fact reflect the reality of how much preventive work is done – such an approach has not hitherto been reflected in conceptual understandings of prevention adopted by the United Nations, as well as academic researchers.

scholarly journals Organic Matter and Associated Minerals on the Dwarf Planet Ceres

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina De Sanctis ◽  
Eleonora Ammannito
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Large Body ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Main Belt ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Dawn Mission ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Original Organic Matter

Ceres is the largest object in the main belt and it is also the most water-rich body in the inner solar system besides the Earth. The discoveries made by the Dawn Mission revealed that the composition of Ceres includes organic material, with a component of carbon globally present and also a high quantity of localized aliphatic organics in specific areas. The inferred mineralogy of Ceres indicates the long-term activity of a large body of liquid water that produced the alteration minerals discovered on its surface, including ammonia-bearing minerals. To explain the presence of ammonium in the phyllosilicates, Ceres must have accreted organic matter, ammonia, water and carbon present in the protoplanetary formation region. It is conceivable that Ceres may have also processed and transformed its own original organic matter that could have been modified by the pervasive hydrothermal alteration. The coexistence of phyllosilicates, magnetite, carbonates, salts, organics and a high carbon content point to rock–water alteration playing an important role in promoting widespread carbon occurrence.

scholarly journals The role of Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 in Indian Energy Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1799-1806 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

With the advancement in technology and the need for development by both developed and developing countries, energy plays a vital role in the whole process of sustainability. India’s security score has been declining since 2000 due to decrease in energy storing capacity, scarcity in primary energy supply sources and to much dependency on import. The World Energy Council’s latest Energy Trilemma Index covering 128 countries shows how energy policies are changing around the world. India’s energy policies and infrastructure are rated among the worst in the world with 109th rank with overall score of 50.3. India scores high on Energy Security but struggles on sustainability and equity indicators giving clear indication on revisiting ECBC 2017. This paper reviews and compares ECMs between two versions of the code titled ECBC 2007 and ECBC 2017 and identify the role of human behavior as a missing link. This paper suggest Low Cost Energy Conservation Measure focused on sustainability and environment

scholarly journals From Covid “today” to low-carbon “tomorrow”: analysis of foreign forecasts for the development of world energy

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Alexey M. Mastepanov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
Analytical Centers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of forecasts of the world energy development made recently (from September 2020 to May 2021) by the world’s leading analytical centers, taking into account “the new reality” – the coronavirus pandemic. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of the world economy and energy consumption and the estimates of its consequences on long-term global economic growth made in various forecasts and prognostic studies are considered. It is shown that the priority of most of the prognostic estimates of the world consumption of primary energy resources made by the world’s leading analytical centers in recent years is a sharp reduction in CO2 emissions by energy and stabilization of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in order to prevent negative climate changes on our planet. A conditional classification of scenarios for the prospective development of global energy is given, depending on the ideology that is embedded in them, an analysis of the fulfilled forecasts is given. It is concluded that Russian research structures need to develop their own similar forecasts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document