On the Varieties of Diversity: Ideological Variations in Attitudes Toward, and Understandings of Diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110281
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Howard ◽  
Daniel Cervone ◽  
Matthew Motyl
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Viewpoint Diversity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Diversity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Diversity Study ◽  
Consumer Diversity

Three studies explore the possibility that attitudes toward “diversity” are multidimensional rather than unidimensional and that ideological differences in diversity attitudes vary as a function of diversity subtype. Study 1 ( n = 1,001) revealed that the factor structure of attitudes toward 23 diverse community features was bidimensional. Factors involving demographic and viewpoint diversity emerged. Conservatives reported more positive attitudes toward viewpoint diversity, and liberals more positive attitudes toward demographic diversity. Study 2 ( n = 1,012) replicated Study 1 findings, and extended Study 1 results by showing attitudes toward the general concept of diversity predicted attitudes toward demographic diversity but not viewpoint diversity. In Study 3, 386 participants rated how relevant a set of features was to their prototypical understanding of diversity. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed people discriminate between viewpoint, demographic, and consumer diversity. Conservatives perceived viewpoint features as more relevant to “diversity,” whereas liberals perceived demographic features as more relevant.

A Test of Three Sadism Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Tara Bulut Allred ◽  
Boban Petrović ◽  
Anja Wertag
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of three sadism scales: Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS), Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST, which measures direct and vicarious sadism), and Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). Sample included 443 participants (50.1% men) from the general population. Reliability based on internal consistency of all scales was good, and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that all three scales had acceptable fit indices for the proposed structure. Results of Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis showed that all three scales had higher measurement precision (information) in above-average scores. Validity of the scales was supported through moderate to high positive correlations with the Dark Triad traits, especially psychopathy, as well as positive correlations with aggressiveness and negative with Honesty-Humility. Moreover, results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that all three measures of direct, but not vicarious sadism, contributed significantly above and beyond other Dark Triad traits to the prediction of increased positive attitudes toward dangerous social groups. The profile similarity index showed that the SSIS and the ASP were highly overlapping, while vicarious sadism seems distinct from other sadism scales.

scholarly journals Validation of the Spanish-Mexican Version of the Australian Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire in Higher Education Health Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alejandra Grover-Baltazar ◽  
Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda ◽  
Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez ◽  
Marianne Martínez-Vizmanos ◽  
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
The One ◽  
Breastfeeding Attitudes

Positive attitudes towards breastfeeding in health professionals/students have been associated with increasing their confidence to provide support and accompaniment to mothers. In Mexico, there is no valid/reliable tool to assess attitudes towards breastfeeding in this population. The Australian Breastfeeding Attitudes (and Knowledge) Questionnaire (ABAQ) measures attitudes in the Australian population. We aimed to adapt and validate the ABAQ in Mexican health students. We included 264 health students (nursing, nutrition, and medicine) from the University of Guadalajara. Bilingual translators carried out the Spanish adaptation with a reverse translation into English. Experts evaluated the content validity. Reliability was evaluated through an internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) and construct validity through convergent–divergent validation, item–total correlation, exploratory factor analysis (by principal components), and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the exploratory factor analysis, only one component was identified. Seven items were removed (low correlation between items ≤0.2 and low factor load ≤0.3). The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the one-factor solution of the ABAQ-13Mx showed a good model fit (X2 = 98.41, G = 62, p = 0.02, CFI = 0.940, and RMSEA = 0.048). The ABAQ-13Mx is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating attitudes towards breastfeeding in Mexican health degree students.

Impact of Online Teamwork Self-Efficacy on Attitudes Toward Teamwork

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Abdullah Konak ◽  
Sadan Kulturel-Konak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Learning Engagement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The lack of professional skills in project teams is one of the most important factors contributing to the high failure rate of Information Technology (IT) projects. Therefore, preparing students for increasingly complex IT projects has been an important learning objective in information sciences and technology programs. This article investigates the relationships between face-to-face students' self-efficacy of managing project tasks through online processes and their attitudes toward teamwork. The relationships among student engagement in learning experiences related to teamwork, self-efficacy of technology-mediated teamwork, and attitudes towards teamwork are investigated using confirmatory factor analysis on a data set with 344 participants. The analysis shows that self-efficacy of technology-mediated teamwork mediates the effect of learning engagement on attitudes toward teamwork. Therefore, the article postulates that mastering technology-mediated teamwork skills helps face-to-face students develop positive attitudes toward teamwork, which can be transferred to the workplace.

The Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1398-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bäckström ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Attitude Factor ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
To Come ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

The validity of a Swedish translation of the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) was evaluated. All four subscales showed acceptable reliability, but the Entitlement scale can be improved by replacing items with low loadings. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a model with one common criminal attitude factor and three subfactors (corresponding to subscales of the test). The Antisocial Intent scale failed to come out as a separate factor. The criterion-related validity was evidenced through offenders having more positive attitudes to criminality than a sample from a public Internet site, a treatment program having an effect on the ratings, and test scores being meaningfully related to criminal history variables. It was concluded that the MCAA has satisfactory psychometric properties.

scholarly journals Are Negative Attitudes Toward Dreams Just the Inverse of Positive Attitudes Toward Dreams? An Empirical Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Nina Burau ◽  
Rebecca Kunkel ◽  
Julia Lanzl
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

As dreaming is a universal phenomenon, it seems natural that everyone has a more or less explicitly defined attitude toward dreams. Recent studies indicate that positive and negative attitude toward dream scales—even given there is considerable overlap—might not be related to the same variables. The findings of the present online survey ( N = 2,056) using 22 attitude items indicated that positive and negative attitudes can be differentiated through confirmatory factor analysis and that variables like age, education, and frequent dream recall are differentially associated with positive and negative attitudes toward dreams. It would be very interesting to expand this study to investigate whether other variables, personality dimensions, general skepticism and so on, are associated with positive and negative attitudes toward dreams in different ways.

scholarly journals Improving a long-acting reversible contraception usage by understanding client perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-12
Author(s):  
Weni Kusumaningrum ◽  
Rita Damayanti ◽  
John Douglas Storey ◽  
Fitra Yelda
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Communication Frequency ◽  
Long Acting

BACKGROUND Despite the limited use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in Indonesia, they have proven to be cost-effective in family planning programs. This study was aimed to identify the elements of ideas and views that people hold and their association with the use of LARC (intrauterine devices and implants) as a means of improving its utilization in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province, Indonesia. METHODS Data were derived from the Improving Contraceptive Mix Methods survey of 6,384 respondents in Bima District, Central Lombok, and North Lombok, NTB Province, in 2015. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify suitable elements of 19 variables and generate three ideation elements on attitude, knowledge, and interpersonal communication. Subsequently, the association of three ideation elements with LARC use in NTB was examined. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that LARC use was higher among women with a positive attitude toward LARC and high frequency of interpersonal communication. Women with positive attitudes had 7 times greater odds of using LARC than women with negative attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.09–8.55). Women with a high frequency of interpersonal communication were 2.4 times more likely to use LARC than women with low communication frequency (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.94–2.99). CONCLUSIONS To increase the use of LARC in NTB, family planning programs should not only focus on improving women’s knowledge but also prioritizing the promotion of positive attitudes toward LARC and facilitating interpersonal communication.

Perceived Minority Status and Diversity Attitudes: An Exploratory Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-856
Author(s):  
Judy P. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Diversity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between perceived minority status (in race and gender) and attitudes toward diversity was investigated with 308 graduate and undergraduate students from the southwestern U.S. (54.5% women, 67.5% nonWhite, whose mean age was 26.7, SD=6.2). Analysis suggested perceived minority status in gender correlates significantly and positively with attitudes toward diversity. Specifically, women who perceived themselves to be of a minority gender were more likely to have positive attitudes toward other cultural groups than women who did not perceive themselves as of a minority. Furthermore, perceived minority status in gender mediated the relationship between sex and attitudes toward diversity. Perceived minority status in race was not correlated with attitudes toward diversity.

Measuring positive attitudes toward persons with dementia: A validation of the Allophilia scale

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Kinney ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
J Scott Brown
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Multigroup Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Efforts to combat ageism typically focus on negative attitudes toward members of an out-group. Changing attitudes also requires assessment and enhancement of positive attitudes. This study examined the psychometric properties of Allophilia scale when used to measure college students' positive attitudes toward persons with dementia. Data collected from 465 students were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup analysis by gender to assess the validity and reliability of the Allophilia scale. Results showed that the Allophilia scale is valid both for male and female students. The Allophilia scale is a valid assessment tool for measuring positive attitudes toward persons with dementia. Use of this scale will contribute to our understanding of attitudes toward persons with dementia and has implications for the design of interventions to facilitate positive attitudes toward members of this out-group.

scholarly journals Using Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis To Study Student Well-Being In Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Thomrat Siriparp ◽  
Duangkamol Traiwichitkhun ◽  
Sirichai Kanjanawasee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
School Absence ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Study Student

Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the six-factor student well-being scale at between- and within-class levels. A total of 2,707 Matthayom 4-6 students (equivalent to grades 10-12) from 71 classrooms (785 male and 1,922 female) completed this 54-items student well-being scale. Results showed that a single latent factor structure was acceptable fitted at between and within class levels. The reliability estimates of the six factors (Positive attitudes and emotions towards school, Enjoyment in school, Positive academic self-concept, (Absence of) Social problems in school, (Absence of) School worries, and (Absence of) Physical complaints) were 0.73, 0.38, 0.22, 0.13, 0.14, and 0.02, respectively, at the student level, whereas these estimates were 0.39, 0.44, 0.48, 0.61, 0.65, and 0.82, respectively, at the classroom level.

scholarly journals Predicting Employee Attitudes to Workplace Diversity from Personality, Values, and Cognitive Ability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Victor sojo ◽  
Linda Ashford ◽  
Alexander Newman ◽  
Andrew Marty
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Workplace Diversity ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Diversity

Repository includes data, metadata, and data analysis script for above publication. Abstract: The current study assessed the predictive validity of broad and narrow measures of personality, values, and cognitive ability on employee attitudes to workplace diversity. Australian working adults (N = 731; 66% female; mean age = 43, SD = 12) completed the 200-item HEXACO Personality Inventory, Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire, ACER measures of numeric, verbal, and abstract reasoning ability, the Attitudes Toward Diversity Scale, and four scales measuring prejudice towards female workers, ethnic workers, older workers, and workers with a disability. Results showed that Honesty–Humility, Extraversion, Openness, and cognitive ability (especially verbal) predicted more positive attitudes to workplace diversity. Valuing power, security, and tradition more, and valuing universalism less was associated with more negative attitudes to workplace diversity.

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