Does exposure to other cultures affect the impact of economic globalization on gender equality?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom ◽  
Sharon Gilad ◽  
Michael Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Policy Adaptation ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

An extensive literature shows that economic globalization has a positive effect on gender equality. However, the effect varies greatly across countries and time. This article argues that social globalization – individuals’ exposure to external ideas, people, and information flows – and the changes in values associated with it – is a key boundary condition for the effect of economic globalization on women’s rights. While economic globalization opens up new opportunities for women, policy adaptation to these changes requires a social demand for efforts for change. Social globalization contributes to policy adaptation by exposing the public to alternative gender-role models, setting off a shift in values, which underlies support for gender equality. Results emerging from a time-series-cross-sectional analysis of 152 nations for the period 1990–2003 confirm that the positive effect of economic globalization on gender equality wanes at lower levels of social globalization. Further, multilevel-path-analyses models demonstrate how changes to individual-level values mediate the effect of globalization on individuals’ support for gender equality.

The gender gap in sport event attendance in Europe: The impact of macro-level gender equality

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lagaert ◽  
Henk Roose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the gender gap in sport event attendance – characterized by higher male and lower female participation – using a macro-sociological and cross-national comparative approach. We argue that because gender is produced and justified in the realm of sport, gender gaps in sport event attendance may be more pronounced in some societies than others, depending on the position women and men have in the particular context in which someone ‘does’ his/her gender. So, in addition to individual attributes, one has to consider the societal, macro-level gender equality in order to understand the individual-level gender inequalities in sport event attendance. Using multilevel analyses on Eurobarometer data (2007), we evaluate whether the size of the gender gap in sport event attendance varies across European Union (EU) countries and how this variation relates to societal gender equality, as measured by the Gender Equality Index of the European Institute for Gender Equality. We find higher male than female attendance in all EU countries, but also conclude that higher levels of macro-level gender equality are associated with smaller gender gaps in sport event attendance.

The consequences of social intolerance on non-violent protest

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Rapp ◽  
Kathrin Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper scrutinizes the impact of intolerance toward diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural groups on an individual’s willingness to actively engage in non-violent protest. Following new insights, we examine the individual as well as the ecological effect of social intolerance on protest behavior. Drawing from insights of social psychology and communication science, we expect that the prevalence of intolerance reinforces the positive effect of individual-level intolerance on protest participation. From a rational choice perspective, however, a negative moderating effect is expected, as the expression of opinions becomes redundant for intolerant individuals in an intolerant society. We base our multilevel analyses on data from theWorld Values Surveyscovering 32 established democracies. Our results reveal that intolerance leads to more non-violent protest participation. This relationship, however, is strongly influenced by the prevalence of intolerance in a country.

Economic globalization and energy consumption patterns in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110425
Author(s):  
Hemachandra Padhan ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sahu ◽  
Umakant Dash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of economic globalization on the patterns of energy consumption for 24 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies from 1995 to 2015. We employ Westerlund cointegration, which shows a long-run association between economic globalization and energy consumption patterns. Furthermore, cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag models (CS-ARDL) results explain the short-run and long-run relationship between the series. The results further explain that economic globalization reduces oil and coal consumption while accelerating gas consumption in OECD economies. We additionally employ the Eberhardt augmented mean group test to verify consistency with CS-ARDL results. The empirical evidence of this study suggests that OECD economies’ policymakers should prioritize economic globalization in framing policies related to energy consumption. Furthermore, allocating funds for better technology related to high polluting fuels should be one of the crucial considerations arising from this study. Finally, we recommend economic globalization as an important indicator to address the issues related to OECD economics’ environmental and ecological footprints.

The Great Recession and Electoral Politics, 2007–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-62
Author(s):  
Timothy Hellwig ◽  
Yesola Kweon ◽  
Jack Vowles
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the political and economic context of the global financial crisis (GFC). We first examine the origins and immediate effects of the GFC and the ‘Great Recession’ that it spawned. Ranging beyond the European focus of the research so far, we examine the impact of the crisis across the member countries of the OECD and the ways in which that variation is shaping the contexts of individual-level behaviour. We then examine patterns of electoral volatility and the changing nature of party systems before turning to consider the reasons why some governments were defeated and why others survived. Across these outcomes, analyses show that the impact of economic factors on political outcomes varied depending on their timing: before, during, or after the GFC. The chapter concludes by introducing our main sources of data: cross-sectional individual-level survey data from twenty-five national elections in OECD democracies from 2011 to 2016 sourced from Module 4 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES); macro-data for thirty-five OECD democracies from 1990 to 2016; and a pooled set of 113 post-election surveys from twenty-four OECD countries between 1996 and 2017.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY IN THREE CULTURALLY CONTRASTING STATES OF INDIA

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA GRIFFITHS ◽  
ANDREW HINDE ◽  
ZOË MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Using cross-sectional, individual-level survey data from Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh collected under the Indian National Family Health Survey programme of 1992–93, statistical modelling was used to analyse the impact of a range of variables on the survival status of children during their first 2 years of life. Attention was focused on the potential impact of the mother’s autonomy. The strongest predictors of mortality were demographic and biological factors, breast-feeding behaviour, and use and knowledge of health services. Variables that can be interpreted as being related to maternal autonomy, such as the presence of a mother-in-law in the household, did not have a significant direct effect on child survival at the individual level, and their indirect effects were very limited.

scholarly journals Trust in China? The impact of development, inequality, and openness on political trust across China’s provinces, 2001–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc L Hutchison ◽  
Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Province Level

China has long represented a puzzle for scholars of democracy, who view political trust as an important indicator of regime legitimacy. Previous studies show that while democracies around the world experienced declining levels of political trust, the authoritarian Chinese government maintained unexpectedly high levels of trust. Using World Value Survey (WVS) data over a critical 12-year period (2001–2012) and multilevel modeling techniques, we explore both macro- and individual-level determinants of political trust in China. We find that province-level economic performance and individual-level income combine to influence political trust. Higher levels of individual-level income have a positive effect on trust in more developed provinces but an opposite effect in less developed provinces. Furthermore, individuals living in provinces with higher levels of inequality and openness tend to be less trusting of government. Our study offers critical insights not only for political trust in China but also the country’s political future.

scholarly journals Longitudinal access and exposure to green-blue spaces and individual-level mental health and well-being: protocol for a longitudinal, population-wide record-linked natural experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Jiao Song ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Ashley Akbari ◽  
Damon Berridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionStudies suggest that access and exposure to green-blue spaces (GBS) have beneficial impacts on mental health. However, the evidence base is limited with respect to longitudinal studies. The main aim of this longitudinal, population-wide, record-linked natural experiment, is to model the daily lived experience by linking GBS accessibility indices, residential GBS exposure and health data; to enable quantification of the impact of GBS on well-being and common mental health disorders, for a national population.Methods and analysisThis research will estimate the impact of neighbourhood GBS access, GBS exposure and visits to GBS on the risk of common mental health conditions and the opportunity for promoting subjective well-being (SWB); both key priorities for public health. We will use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create quarterly household GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposure using digital map and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK (2008–2018). We will link the GBS accessibility indices and GBS exposures to individual-level mental health outcomes for 1.7 million people with general practitioner (GP) data and data from the National Survey for Wales (n=~12 000) on well-being in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We will examine if these associations are modified by multiple sociophysical variables, migration and socioeconomic disadvantage. Subgroup analyses will examine associations by different types of GBS. This longitudinal study will be augmented by cross-sectional research using survey data on self-reported visits to GBS and SWB.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be anonymised and linked within the privacy protecting SAIL Databank. We will be using anonymised data and therefore we are exempt from National Research Ethics Committee (NREC). An Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) application (Project ID: 0562) to link these data has been approved.The research programme will be undertaken in close collaboration with public/patient involvement groups. A multistrategy programme of dissemination is planned with the academic community, policy-makers, practitioners and the public.

Do empowered employees absorb knowledge?

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Siachou ◽  
Panagiotis Gkorezis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The present study aims to contribute to the limited empirical research regarding the individual level antecedents of absorptive capacity (AC). In this vein, the authors examined the impact of employees' psychological empowerment (PE) dimensions on their AC. Moreover, the authors explored the magnitude of the relationship between one of PE four dimensions, namely competence, and AC compared to that of the rest three dimensions of PE. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected data from 100 private employees working in two manufacturing organizations. In order to investigate the hypotheses, the authors conducted hierarchical regression and usefulness analysis. Findings – As predicted, the present results showed that all four PE dimensions affected employees' AC. Furthermore, competence demonstrated the strongest impact among all PE dimensions. Research limitations/implications – Data were drawn from two manufacturing organizations located in specific geographical area. Thus, this may constrain the generalizability of the results. Also, the cross-sectional analysis of the data cannot directly assess causality. Originality/value – To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study examining the relationship between PE and AC.

scholarly journals Does where you live matter? : physical characteristics of neighbourhoods and type 2 diabetes in Toronto ; a cross sectional survey of ethnoracial groups living in St. James Town and Flemingdon Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Tynan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of neighbourhood on type 2 diabetes among a sample of immigrants attending diabetes education programs in Toronto. Flemingdon Park (FP) has higher overall rates of diabetes than does St. James Town (SJ), even though both areas share similar socio-economic and immigrant profiles. A cross-sectional survey administered to participants of Diabetes Education Programs at Flemingdon and Sherbourne Health Centres asked questions about proximity of resources such as grocery stores, walking, biking trails, parks, access to and availability of recreation sites, public transit, social support and self-reported health status. The results provide individual-level information on the impact of neighbourhood and other social determinants on type 2 diabetes among a sample of immigrants. While the results support the notion that 'where you live' does matter, bigger sample size and further study are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document