“I’m a Loser, I’m Not Married, Let’s Just All Look at Me”: Ever-Single Women’s Perceptions of Their Social Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Sharp ◽  
Lawrence Ganong
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Life Path

Despite growing numbers of singles, the idealization of marriage and child rearing remains strong, pervasive, and largely unquestioned. Guided by life course perspective, the purpose of this article was to examine familial and societal messages women receive when not married by their late 20s to mid-30s. Using descriptive phenomenological method, the authors conducted 32 interviews with 10 middle-class, ever-single women. Respondents’ social environments were characterized by pressure to confirm to the conventional life pathway. Pressure was manifested in women feeling both highly visible and invisible. Specifically, women’s social worlds included (a) awareness of the changing reality as they became older (e.g., changing pool of eligible men, pregnancy risks), (b) reminders that they were on a different life path (i.e., visibility ) through others’ inquires and “triggers” (e.g., weddings), and (c) displacement in their families of origin (i.e., invisibility). The authors discuss the visible/invisible paradox, which appeared to be pronounced at their life stage.

Two Social Environments in a Working Day: Occupation and Spatial Segregation in Metropolitan Tel Aviv

10.1068/a3452 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Blumen ◽  
Iris Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Working Day ◽  
And Gender

The concepts of segregation and social distance have long been used to explain the social environment of stratified residential space. However, the social significance of occupation, though acknowledged, has rarely been applied spatially. In this study, we employed these three concepts to examine the social environment of the entire metropolitan employment space as defined by job location. Smallest space analysis was used to identify and compare the sociospatial segregation produced by workers' occupational distribution in employment and residential spheres. This empirical study focused on metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel's largest urban area, using the latest available national census. Our findings show that the social milieu of employment differed from that of residence: blue-collar workers were segregated from white-collar workers; managers, clerks, and salespersons formed the core group; and gender and ethnic divisions characterised the sociospatial realm of employment. Overall, most employees changed their social environment when they went to work. The study indicates that spatial segregation, within each sphere and between the two spheres, is intrinsic to the capitalist – patriarchal order.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEASON AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE REPRODUCTIVE-ENDOCRINE STATUS OF THE ADULT LANDRACE BOAR

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. TRUDEAU ◽  
L. M. SANFORD
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Basal Concentration

Seasonal variations in LH, FSH, and testosterone secretion were investigated for adult Landrace boars housed in different social environments for 1 yr. Socially nonrestricted boars (n = 4) were penned adjacent to ovariectomized gilts that were hormonally brought into estrus every 2 wk, while socially restricted boars (n = 4) were kept in pens with solid walls. Mean hormone concentrations were determined from the assay of single AM and PM blood samples collected from the jugular vein by venipuncture once a month. In November, February, May and August, blood samples were collected serially over 12 h from jugular catheters for assessment of pulsatile LH and testosterone secretion, and the LH response to a GnRH injection (1 μg kg−1 body weight). Mean LH and testosterone concentrations were relatively high in all boars during the late summer and fall, and often were greater for the socially nonrestricted versus the restricted boars (group × month), P < 0.05) in the winter (December and January). Mean FSH concentration also varied with month (P < 0.05). Pulse analysis indicated that higher mean testosterone concentrations in November and August were the result of increases (month, P < 0.05) in testosterone-pulse frequency and basal concentration. Maximal mean LH concentration in August was associated with maximal (month, P < 0.05) LH-pulse amplitude and basal concentration. The amplitude of the LH peak following GnRH injection increased (P < 0.05) between November and May, and remained high in August. Key words: Gonadotropins, testosterone, blood, season, social environment, boar

scholarly journals Influence of Socially Disadvantaged Environment on Aggressiveness of Pupils at Primary Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Dáša Porubčanová ◽  
Lenka Pasternáková
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Aggression Level

AbstractIntroduction: The study deals with occurrence of aggressiveness of pupils from socially disadvantaged environment. It describes the socially disadvantaged environment and the level of aggression of pupils from such environments. The text describes the most important results of the research.Methods: Within the research, a survey was carried out, monitoring the level of aggression of the majority pupils compared to the pupils from socially disadvantaged environment. The survey was carried out personally based on a monitoring scheme of aggression of the pupils from socially disadvantaged environment. The research has been made by direct observation within 60 teaching hours at the level of 1st and 4th grade.Results: The findings, which we have acquired through observation, showed that the age and maturity of younger pupils’ organisms adapts to the model of social environment. Pupils from less stimulating social environments may become the victims of aggressive attacks in various forms more frequently. Types, forms and manifestations of aggression, equally subject to influence of the environment, in a school environment at the level of 10-year-old students are perceived as some form of entertainment. They join the attack on the victim for acceptance or they have the same preferences as the group. It often happens without consequences or attempts to eliminate these signs, because the seriousness of the attack is not ascribed.Discussion: We were interested in the differences of aggression level of the majority pupils compared to the pupils from socially disadvantaged environment in the first and the fourth year of a primary school.Limitations: The results apply only to students in the first level by using of the observation method.Conclusions: As substantial and significant for pedagogic experience, we consider implementing the research findings as well on the higher level of pupils’ education and to define further correlations between aggressive behaviour and socially disadvantaged environment.

Habilitative Health and Disability

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Behavioral Functioning ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Health It ◽  
Social Models ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Complete Health

This chapter introduces and defines the concept of habilitative health as the ability to succeed at three types of tasks necessary for human survival and thriving: self-habilitation, habilitation of others, and habilitation of the physical and social environment in which one lives. Habilitative health is an aspect of the complete health scale, ranging from worst to best health in terms of physiological, intellectual, psychological, and behavioral functioning. The argument here is that the nature and gravity of disabilities generally can best be understood in terms of a lack of habilitative health in specified ranges of physical and social environments. This eliminates many differences between the medical and social models of disability and unifies discussions of individual health with discussions of public or social health. It also recasts the discussion of human rights to healthcare as a discussion of human duties of care to self, others, and the habitable world.

Abstract P084: Neighborhood Characteristics and Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure Over Time: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kaiser ◽  
Lynda Lisabeth ◽  
Philippa Clarke ◽  
Sara Adar ◽  
Mahasin Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Neighborhood Environments ◽  
Physical Activity Environments ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Research on the association between neighborhood environments and systolic blood pressure (SBP) is limited, predominantly cross-sectional, and has produced mixed results. Investigating specific aspects of neighborhood environments in relation to changes in SBP may help to identify the most important interventions for reducing the population burden of hypertension. Hypothesis: Better neighborhood food, physical activity, and social environments will be associated with lower baseline levels of SBP and smaller increases in SBP over time. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited participants from six sites in the U.S., aged 45-84 (mean 59) and free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Those with non-missing data for key variables were included (N=5,997); the analytic sample was 52.5% female, 39.1% White, 27.3% Hispanic, 11.9% Black, and 21.7% Chinese, with median follow-up time of 9.2 years (IQR 4.5) and SBP measured at three or more exams for 91.3% of participants. SBP in subjects taking anti-hypertensive medication were replaced with multiply imputed estimates of unmedicated SBP, imputed at each exam. Summary measures of neighborhood food and physical activity environments incorporated survey-based scales (healthy food availability and walking environment) and GIS-based measures (density of favorable food stores and recreational resources). The summary measure of the social environment combined survey-based measures of social cohesion and safety. Neighborhoods were defined by a one-mile buffer around each participant’s home address. Linear mixed models were used to model associations of time-varying cumulative average neighborhood environmental summary measures with SBP over time, adjusting for individual-level covariates (demographics, individual- and neighborhood-level SES); models with and without adjustment for baseline SBP were used to evaluate associations of neighborhood environments with SBP trajectories. Results: In models mutually adjusted for all three neighborhood domains and covariates, living in a better physical activity environment was associated with lower SBP at baseline (-1.34 mmHg [95% CI: -2.24, -0.45] per standard deviation higher cumulative average physical activity summary score), while living in a better social environment was associated with higher SBP at baseline (1.00 mmHg [0.39, 1.63] per standard deviation higher); food environment scores were not associated with baseline SBP. After adjustment for baseline SBP, there was no association between any neighborhood environments and trajectories of SBP. Conclusions: Better food and physical activity environments were associated with lower baseline SBP, while better social environments were associated with higher baseline SBP. Neighborhood environments appear to have minimal direct effect on SBP trajectories.

scholarly journals Expanding use of archaeology in climate change response by changing its social environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8295-8302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy Rockman ◽  
Carrie Hritz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Us Federal Government ◽  
Site Significance

Climate science has outlined targets for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions necessary to provide a substantial chance of avoiding the worst impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems. How to reach those targets, however, requires balancing physical realities of the natural environment with the complexity of the human social environment, including histories, cultures, and values. Archaeology is the study of interactions of natural and social environments through time and across space. As well, the field of cultural resources management, which includes archaeology, regularly engages with values such as site significance and allocation of funding that the modern social environment ascribes to its own history. Through these two approaches, archaeology has potential to provide both data for and methods of addressing challenges the global community faces through climate change. To date, however, archaeology and related areas of cultural heritage have had relatively little role in the global climate response. Here, we assess the social environment of archaeology and climate change and resulting structural barriers that have limited use of archaeology in and for climate change with a case study of the US federal government. On this basis, we provide recommendations to the fields of archaeology and climate response about how to more fully realize the multiple potential uses of archaeology for the challenges of climate change.

Factors affecting wing molt chronology of female mallards

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Leafloor ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breeding Seasons

We manipulated nest success of captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during two breeding seasons to determine the effects of different breeding events on the timing of wing molt initiation in females. We also studied the effect of different social environments during the postbreeding period on female wing molt chronology. Late (renesting) brood hens molted their remiges later than did early brood hens in both years of the study. Unsuccessful nesters showed a late, asynchronous wing molt when they molted solitarily, but an early, synchronous wing molt when they were placed together during the postbreeding period. There was a positive relationship between the last date of incubation and the date of wing molt initiation when birds were placed in a group after the breeding period. Social environment appeared to influence the timing of wing molt, particularly among unsuccessful nesters. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of postbreeding mortality factors and potential fall banding bias.

scholarly journals Kashmiri Women: Vulnerable Section of Society

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Irshad Ahmad Irshad ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmad Dar
Keyword(s):  
Single Women ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The People ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Social Turmoil ◽  
Culture Education

For last two and half decades tremendous political and social turmoil Jammu and Kashmir is facing by the proxy war between India and Pakistan. This unrest and deteriorated atmosphere has altered the people’s life to the great extent. Their livelihood, health, work culture, education, thinking etc. have altogether changed. Among all the people it is the women of Kashmir, whether Hindu or Muslims, who led a life of great sufferings–psychological disturbance, destitution, poverty, illiteracy, rape, molestation, infertility etc. This paper highlights the problems, miseries, challenges of a weaker sections of society i.e., women who has been confined to child rearing, household duties and have hardly any role in decision making powers. Kashmiri women faced the double burden of a missing husband and social dishonor and isolation of being single women in a conservative society.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12267         Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 93-96 

scholarly journals Reconsidering Relational Autonomy. Personal Autonomy for Socially Embedded and Temporally Extended Selves

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMost recent accounts of personal autonomy acknowledge that the social environment a person lives in, and the personal relationships she entertains, have some impact on her autonomy. Two kinds of conceptualizing social conditions are traditionally distinguished in this regard: Causally relational accounts hold that certain relationships and social environments play a causal role for the development and on-going exercise of autonomy. Constitutively relational accounts, by contrast, claim that autonomy is at least partly constituted by a person’s social environment or standing. The central aim of this paper is to raise the question how causally and constitutively relational approaches relate to the fact that we exercise our autonomy over time. I argue that once the temporal scope of autonomy is opened up, we need not only to think differently about the social dimension of autonomy. We also need to reconsider the very distinction between causally and constitutively relational accounts, because it is itself a synchronic (and not a diachronic) distinction.

scholarly journals Early and adult social environments have independent effects on individual fitness in a social vertebrate

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1813) ◽  
pp. 20151167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vérane Berger ◽  
Jean-François Lemaître ◽  
Dominique Allainé ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Aurélie Cohas
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Effects

Evidence that the social environment at critical stages of life-history shapes individual trajectories is accumulating. Previous studies have identified either current or delayed effects of social environments on fitness components, but no study has yet analysed fitness consequences of social environments at different life stages simultaneously. To fill the gap, we use an extensive dataset collected during a 24-year intensive monitoring of a population of Alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota ), a long-lived social rodent. We test whether the number of helpers in early life and over the dominance tenure length has an impact on litter size at weaning, juvenile survival, longevity and lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of dominant females. Dominant females, who were born into a group containing many helpers and experiencing a high number of accumulated helpers over dominance tenure length showed an increased LRS through an increased longevity. We provide evidence that in a wild vertebrate, both early and adult social environments influence individual fitness, acting additionally and independently. These findings demonstrate that helpers have both short- and long-term effects on dominant female Alpine marmots and that the social environment at the time of birth can play a key role in shaping individual fitness in social vertebrates.

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