Trajectories of Spatial Assimilation or Place Stratification? A Typology of Residence and Workplace Histories of Newly Arrived Migrants in Sweden

2022 ◽  
pp. 019791832110373
Author(s):  
Guilherme Kenji Chihaya ◽  
Szymon Marcińczak ◽  
Magnus Strömgren ◽  
Urban Lindgren ◽  
Tiit Tammaru
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Place Stratification ◽  
Over Time

In most societies, resources and opportunities are concentrated in neighborhoods and workplaces occupied by the host population. The spatial assimilation and place stratification theories propose trajectories (the sequences of events) leading to minority and migrant access to or exclusion from these advantageous places. However, most previous research on these theories did not ask whether such theorized trajectories occur. We apply sequence analysis to decade-long residence and workplace histories of newly arrived migrants in Sweden to identify a typology of combined residence-work trajectories. The seven types of trajectories in our typology are characterized by varying degrees of proximity to the host population in residential neighborhoods and workplaces and by different patterns of change in such proximity over time. The pivotal role of socioeconomic gains in spatial assimilation, posited by the namesake theory, is not supported, as we do not find that migrant employment precedes residence alongside the host population. The importance of housing-market discrimination for migrants’ exclusion from host-dominated spaces, posited by place stratification theory, is only weakly supported, as we find that migrants from less affluent countries accumulate disadvantage over time, likely due to discrimination in both the labor and housing markets. Our findings also underscore the need for new theories explaining migrant residential outcomes which apply to contexts where migrant-dense neighborhoods are still forming.

White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R. Crowell ◽  
Mark Fossett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Locational Attainment ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Socioeconomic Assimilation ◽  
Place Stratification

This study examines White-Latino residential segregation in six U.S. metropolitan areas using new methods to draw a connection between two dominant research traditions in the segregation literature and empirically analyze prevailing conceptual frameworks. Based on microlevel locational attainment analyses, we find that for Latinos, acculturation and socioeconomic status are positively associated with greater residential contact with Whites and thus promote lower segregation consistent with predictions of spatial assimilation theory. However, standardization and decomposition analysis reveals that a substantial portion of White-Latino segregation can be attributed to White-Latino differences in the ability to translate acculturation and socioeconomic assimilation into co-residence with Whites. Thus, consistent with predictions of place stratification theory, evidence suggests that spatial assimilation dynamics are limited by continuing race-based factors leading to the expectation that segregation will persist at moderate to high levels even after Latinos reach parity with Whites on social and economic resources that shape locational attainments. Therefore, we offer two conclusions. First, contemporary White-Latino segregation is due in part to group differences in social and economic resources that determine locational attainments and that this component of White-Latino segregation will continue to be significant so long as Whites and Latinos differ along these social and economic characteristics. Second, while spatial assimilation dynamics can promote partial reductions in White-Latino segregation, we expect segregation to continue at moderate to high levels because place stratification dynamics limit Latino residential integration even when Latinos and Whites are comparable on relevant resources.

“Whoever Imitates a People Becomes One of Them”: A Hadith and its Interpreters

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-426
Author(s):  
Youshaa Patel
Keyword(s):  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Ibn Taymiyya ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, “Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them,” which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious authorities to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. First, I analyze how the Partisans of Hadith transmitted and classified the hadith, highlighting the pivotal role of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) in canonizing the tradition. I then trace the divergent trajectories of its interpretation over time, especially the glosses of two brilliant Damascenes: Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 1061/1651). This study draws not only from hadith commentaries but also from treatises on law, ethics, and Sufism, illustrating how hadith interpretation takes place in multiple Islamic literary genres. A detailed appendix catalogues the collections of hadith that transmit the tradition; compares different narrations in order to date and locate its circulation; and visually maps its isnād networks.

scholarly journals Homebuyers and the representation of spatial markets by information providers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Dunning ◽  
Andrew Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Housing Search ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Providers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to renew a research agenda considering the impact that information providers’ processes are having on the housing market; in particular to develop a research agenda around the role of the Internet in shaping households’ perceptions of the spatial nature of housing markets. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the existing literature. It uses preliminary extensive survey findings about the role of the Internet in housing search to hypothesise ways in which households may be affected by this transition. Findings – Not applicable – other than evidence for the growth in the importance of the Internet in shaping households’ housing search. Practical implications – First, the academy needs to readdress the theory surrounding information acquisition and use insights from economics, sociology and psychology to understand these processes. Second, local authorities and academics should analyse the impact of Internet use on housing market boundaries (and the profound subsequent impact on policy traction). Third, estate agents should reconsider the role of the Internet in shaping housing markets and provide a critical response to the large property search engines. Originality/value – This paper reviews the literature and explores the necessity of a renewed interest in research on the role of information sources in framing and constraining housing search behaviour.

Time-frequency linkages of international housing markets and macroeconomic drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Marfatia
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Direction Of Causation ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The studies on international housing markets have not modeled frequency domain and focused only on the time domain. The purpose of the present research is to fill this gap by using the state-of-the-art econometric technique of wavelets to understand how differences in the horizon of analysis across time impact international housing markets’ relationship with some of the key macroeconomic variables. The purpose is to also analyze the direction of causation in the relationships. Design/methodology/approach The author uses the novel time–frequency analysis of international housing markets’ linkages to the macroeconomic drivers. Unlike conventional approaches that do not distinguish between time and frequency domain, the author uses wavelets to study house prices’ relationship with its drivers in the time–frequency space. The novelty of the approach also allows gaining insights into the debates that deal with the direction of causation between house price changes and macroeconomic variables. Findings Results show that the relationship between house prices and key macroeconomic indicators varies significantly across countries, time, frequencies and the direction of causation. House prices are most related to interest rates at the higher frequencies (short-run) and per capita income growth at the lower frequencies (long-run). The role of industrial production and income growth has switched over time at lower frequencies, particularly, in Finland, France, Sweden and Japan. The stock market’s nexus with the housing market is significant mainly at high to medium frequencies around the recent financial crisis. Research limitations/implications The present research implies that in contrast to the existing approaches that are limited to the only time domain, the frequency considerations are equally, if not more, important. Practical implications Results show that interested researchers and analysts of international housing markets need to account for the both horizon and time under consideration. Because the factors that drive high-frequency movements in housing market are very different from low-frequency movements. Furthermore, these roles vary over time. Social implications The insights from the present study suggest policymakers interested in bringing social change in the housing markets need to account for the time–frequency dynamics found in this study. Originality/value The paper is novel on at least two dimensions. First, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to propose the use of a time–frequency approach in modeling international housing market dynamics. Second, unlike present studies, it is the first to uncover the direction of causation between house prices and economic variables for each frequency at every point of time.

scholarly journals Understanding the Neighborhood Concentration of Affluent Black Households in the 1990s

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ron Malega
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Census 2000 ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Place Stratification ◽  
Black Households

This study examines the intersection of race, class, and place by exploring the neighborhood concentration of affluent black households in the United States during the 1990s using Census 2000 data. It adds to the literature seeking a more nuanced understanding of the black community. The author assesses the theories of spatial assimilation and place stratification in understanding the processes associated with the neighborhood-level concentration of affluent black households. Regression analyses reveal that, in general, such concentrations are positively associated with black neighborhood socioeconomic status and negatively associated with white status. Furthermore, neighborhood quality and demographic factors are important for understanding the geography of affluent black households. Additionally, the metropolitan characteristics of residential segregation, racial composition, and regional location affect the neighborhood concentration of affluent black households. Findings suggest place stratification theory provides greater explanatory power than spatial assimilation theory for understanding the neighborhood concentration of affluent black households.

Explanations: housing matters

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-138
Author(s):  
Mike Allen ◽  
Lars Benjaminsen ◽  
Eoin O’Sullivan ◽  
Nicholas Pleace
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Housing Benefit

Chapter 5 explores the role of Housing First and then the broader housing market, particularly social housing, in explaining the variations in outcomes described in previous chapters. The chapter argues that the scale of secure affordable housing and the targeting of those experiencing homelessness are crucial in reducing homelessness. The Irish do worse in this regard despite expending considerable amounts of public funding on the provision of social housing. This is because it largely relies on private providers to provide housing, with the gap between ability to pay and market rents made up by a housing benefit payment. Denmark retains a considerable stock of public social housing, but is facing tight housing markets in its major urban areas, particularly Copenhagen, where homelessness in concentrated. In Finland, the steady provision of secure affordable housing, coupled with a housing-led/focused response to homelessness have allowed for the provision of a significant number of secure tenancies for households experiencing homelessness.

Correction of the cDNA-derived protein sequence of prostatic spermine binding protein: pivotal role of tandem mass spectrometry in sequence analysis

Biochemistry ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4214-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Anderegg ◽  
Steven A. Carr ◽  
I. Yih Huang ◽  
Richard A. Hiipakka ◽  
Chawnshang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Tandem Mass

scholarly journals Analysis of the fungal, archaeal and bacteriophage diversity in the human distal gut

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Eric Brown ◽  
Emma Allen-Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

The composition and role of bacteria in the human gut has been studied intensely and is a burgeoning field of scientific research. However, there is a relative lack of research on other microorganisms which compose our gut flora such as bacteriophage, archaea and fungi. The aim of our study was to begin to fill this gap. The archaeal, fungal and bacteriophage diversity in the gut was analyzed using a PCR-DGGE fingerprinting method on fecal samples from 3 healthy donors. These samples were inoculated into chemostats and the microbes were grown in continuous culture to model the interactions of our flora in vitro. Norepinephrine was also added to the chemostats to test the microbial community’s reaction to stress. Here we report that, relative to bacteria, fungal and archaeal diversity in the gut is low. The archaeal populations seemed stable over time varied depending on the individual. Fungal populations were more variable over time and changes in the community structure were observed after the addition of norepinephrine. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the presence of fungal species that are not yet cultured, yet are residents of the gut. Species of Podophage can also be detected as residents of the gut based on sequence analysis. It is clear that there is a core set of archaeal and fungal species living as residents in the gut. Bacteriophage are also present but their ecological role and effect on the microbial community in the gut is unknown.

New Faces, New Neighbors? How Latino Population Growth and Lending Expansion Shapes the Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition for White and Latino Homebuyers

2021 ◽  
pp. 153568412098134
Author(s):  
Allen Hyde ◽  
Mary J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ◽  
Housing Boom ◽  
Place Stratification ◽  
Home Mortgage

Fueled by increased socioeconomic status (SES), geographic mobility, and access to lending, Latino home buying expanded during the recent housing boom. However, less is known about the types of neighborhoods Latino homebuyers accessed during this time. To address this gap, we explore how SES, mortgage type, and the metropolitan racial and ethnic context affected the racial and ethnic composition of neighborhoods for new white and Latino homeowners. We use data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act to explore these processes in 317 U.S. metropolitan areas from 2000 to 2010. Overall, we find evidence supporting both spatial assimilation theory and place stratification theory: while increased SES and loan amounts led to more white neighbors for both white and Latino homebuyers, subprime loans and the racial and ethnic context of metropolitan areas continue to constrain neighborhood attainment for Latinos.

scholarly journals Rumlig koncentration af etniske minoriteter i Danmark

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Hans Skifter Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Over Time

Som i andre lande er der i Danmark i takt med indvandringen opstået byområder med en stor andel etniske minoriteter og få danskere. I den internationale litteratur om etnisk segregation peges der på tre hovedårsager til dette: indvandrernes adfærd, de ”indfødtes” adfærd og segregeringsmekanismer på boligmarkedet. I Danmark hænger koncentrationen både sammen med forholdene på boligmarkedet og med, at danskerne fravælger byområder med mange etniske minoriteter. Koncentrationen fandt især sted i 1990’erne og er stagneret efter år 2000. Der er tre årsager til denne udvikling: at indvandringen har ændret karakter mod flere arbejdskraftindvandrere og færre familiesammenførte og asylsøgere, at kommunerne gennem bypolitikken har påvirket tilflytningen til de indvandrertætte områder, og at mange af de tidligere indvandrede har forladt den almene sektor og områderne. Udviklingen er i overensstemmelse med den såkaldte ”Spatial assimilation” teori, som tilsiger, at nye indvandrere ved indvandringstidspunktet bosætter sig i byområder med et stærkt etnisk socialt netværk, men at de over tid forlader disse områder igen. Artiklen er baseret på et longitudinalt studie af etniske minoriteters bosætning i Danmark siden 1985. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Hans Skifter Andersen: Spatial Concentration of Ethnic Minorities in Denmark There are neighbourhoods in Denmark with a high concentration of (certain) ethnic minorities and few Danes, as in other Western European countries. International research about ethnic segregation suggests three main reasons for this: 1. the behaviour of immigrants, 2. the behaviour of natives and 3. the housing market. In Denmark the concentration is closely connected to the housing market, where ethnic minorities have been concentrated in social housing, which often have been located in certain neighbourhoods. Another major reason is that many Danes deselect neighbourhoods with many ethnic minorities. This concentration started in the 1990s but stagnated after 2000 despite further immigration. The reasons can in part be due to changes in the composition of immigrants and the success of urban policies in counteracting segregation, but also as documented in the article, that many earlier immigrants have left social housing. The development in Denmark resembles that described by the so-called ”Spatial assimilation” theory, which claims that new immigrants settle in neighbourhoods with a strong ethnic network, but that over time they leave these areas in pace with their integration in their new country. Keywords: ethnic segregation and concentration, spatial assimilation.

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