Patterns of Household Immigration into South Texas

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Briody
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Downward Social Mobility

Relatively little is known about household immigration to the U.S. and in particular, the cultural and work-related aspects of the transition faced by households. Results from this article suggest that immigration often leads to downward social mobility with respect to legal status of household members, type of employment, and property ownership. Of particular note is the transformation of the household from a single to a multiple worker unit, in response to agricultural labor demands and growing employment opportunities in the non-agricultural sector. These factors are influential in the modification of the traditional ideology concerning the division of labor by sex and age. This article introduces a hypothesis for explaining the increase and permanency of household immigration.

scholarly journals Determinants of Workforce Preparedness during Pandemics Among Healthcare Workers at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110047
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Balut ◽  
Claudia Der-Martirosian ◽  
Aram Dobalian
Keyword(s):  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Workforce Preparedness ◽  
Household Preparedness ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Relevant Factors

Objective: An infectious disease outbreak can place a significant burden on healthcare systems, however, our understanding of the broader healthcare workforce’s preparedness during a pandemic is limited. This study examines factors that influence perceived workforce preparedness at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) during a pandemic. Methods: The VA Preparedness Survey was a random, anonymous, web-based survey fielded nationwide October to December 2018. Multivariate statistical analyses examined the effects of study relevant factors (sociodemographic, work-related, general health, and household-related characteristics of VA employees) on perceptions of workforce preparedness, including institutional readiness and understanding of individual roles during a pandemic. Results: Four thousand and twenty-six VA employees responded. Overall, 55% were confident in their VA medical facility’s ability to respond; 49% understood their role; and 68% reported their role to be important during a pandemic. After controlling for study-relevant factors, household preparedness, having plans that address the health care needs of family members, and higher self-reported health status were associated with all 3 workforce preparedness variables. Clinical staff (compared to non-clinical staff) were less likely (OR:0.80, 95% CI:0.68-0.94, P < .01) to have confidence in their medical facility’s ability to respond but more likely (OR:1.77, 95% CI:1.49-2.10, P < .001) to believe their role was important. Employees who have been at the VA longer (OR:1.07, 95% CI:1.01-1.14, P < .05) or have experienced a disaster while working at the VA (OR:1.29, 95% CI:1.04-1.59, P < .05) were more likely to understand their role during a pandemic. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest the need for identifying ways to increase VA employees’ confidence in their medical facility’s ability to respond to a pandemic; develop trainings to improve understanding of their different yet critical roles, for both clinical and non-clinical staff, during a pandemic; create different workforce trainings for newly hired employees; and identify ways to improve household preparedness for a pandemic outbreak.

scholarly journals Natural Disasters and Economic Growth: The Mitigating Role of Microfinance Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5055
Author(s):  
John Sseruyange ◽  
Jeroen Klomp
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Negative Effect

In this study, we explore whether microfinance institutions (MFIs) can mitigate the adverse macroeconomic consequences of natural disasters. The provision of capital immediately following a natural event is recognized as one of the necessary conditions for a fast economic recovery. However, one concern is that a large majority of natural disasters occur in developing countries where households and the private sector have only limited access to the formal banking system. As an alternative, MFIs may fill up this gap in providing liquidity in the form of microcredit. The existing evidence on how MFIs respond to disaster effects is foremost based on case and micro-level evidence. In turn, the focus of this study is more on the macro impact of MFI activities after a natural disaster. Based on the finding obtained from an OLS-FE model using an unbalanced panel considering more than 80 developing countries and emerging economies, we can conclude that natural disasters harm macroeconomic performance primarily through their effect on the agricultural sector. However, access to lending facilities from MFIs mitigates a large part of this negative effect. Moreover, the extent to which MFIs are able to mitigate these effects depends to a great extent on their nature, i.e., their organizational structure, profitability, legal status, age, and the number of clients they serve.

scholarly journals Stratified citizenship, stratified health: Examining latinx legal status in the U.S. healthcare safety net

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Van Natta ◽  
Nancy J. Burke ◽  
Irene H. Yen ◽  
Mark D. Fleming ◽  
Christoph L. Hanssmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Review of methodological approaches to the analysis of the transformation of the agricultural labor market in modern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
Maria N. Mukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
New Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
The Social

The article provides an overview and generalization of Russian studies of the transformation of the agricultural labor market in the post-Soviet period. Researchers of the Russian countryside reflect the obtained results in publications mainly describing the problems associated with the Russian countryside and the agricultural labor market. This is, first of all, the destruction of the rural infrastructure, poverty, unemployment, the interaction of old and new production entities (agricultural enterprises, peasant farms, private household plots and agricultural holdings), the loss of communication between villagers and agricultural enterprises, the villagers models of social adaptation and labor behavior. These processes served as a methodological support for the analysis and empirical evidence of how consciously villagers have been changing social and labor practices under the pressure of institutional transformations and agricultural modernization. Based on the choice of rational behavioral models in the labor market, they transformed the social structure of the village under the pressure of the market economy values, new rules, norms and institutional requirements. Modern processes in the agro-industrial field in the context of the property transformation contributed to the formation of a new agrarian structure, constructed by new subjects. The new and old production subjects interact in a multi-structured economy. They are important “players” in the institutional field of the agricultural sector, thus influencing the social and structural processes in the labor market. This determined a new configuration of the social rural groups employed in the formal and informal sectors.

scholarly journals Social Distancing Causally Impacts the Spread of SARS-CoV-2: A U.S. Nationwide Event Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Gagnon ◽  
Stephanie Gagnon ◽  
Jessica Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Spontaneous Relaxation ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract We assess the causal impact of a spontaneous relaxation of social distancing practices on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S., while controlling for social mobility and state-imposed social distancing restrictions. Using the quasi-experimental setting created by the U.S. nationwide protests precipitated by George Floyd’s tragic death on May 25, 2020, we document a country-wide increase of over 3·06 cases per day, per 100,000 population, following the onset of the protests (95% CI:2·47–3·65), and a further in-crease of 1·73 cases per day, per 100,000 population, in the counties in which the protests took place (95% CI:0·59–2·87). Relative to the week preceding the onset of the protests, this represents a 61·2% country-wide increase in COVID-19 cases, and a further 34·6% increase in the protest counties. Hence, we conclude that social distancing practices causally impact the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The observed effect cannot be explained by changes in social distancing restrictions and social mobility, and our placebo tests rule out the possibility that this finding is attributable to chance. Our research informs policy makers and provides insights regarding the usefulness of social distancing as an intervention to minimize the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Institutionalized Ambiguity in Legal Status: Managing Citizenship in the U.S. Imperial Rule of the Philippines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Quisumbing King
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Do So

A perennial question in the scholarship of the state asks how states rule and expand their capacity to do so. Scholars have paid special attention to activities that rationalize and build administrative capacity, known as legibility projects. Alongside these projects, state actors also rule through ambiguous and unclear techniques that have been given less scholarly attention. I introduce the concept of institutionalized ambiguity in legal status to extend the study of state rule. I ask what generates ambiguity, what purposes it serves in law and policy, and what consequences it has for the management of populations. I propose an analytic approach that draws attention to equivocation in law as enabling classificatory debates and discretion in the political realm. To illustrate the purchase of institutionalized ambiguity in legal status, I analyze how, during the years of formal imperial rule (1898-1946), U.S. state actors debated the racial fitness and membership of Filipinos in the imagined U.S. nation. I consider the broader implications of this analysis for scholars of modern state formation and suggest that foundational conflicts over national identity can be institutionalized in law, in turn facilitating a range of contradictory, but co-existing, legally defensible policies.

scholarly journals Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Susanto ◽  
C. Parr Rosson ◽  
Flynn J. Adcock
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
The North ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Agricultural Imports ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.

Working conditions and occupational morbidity as a basis for risk management

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
N.A. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Russian Federation

The results of studies are presented, they allow to formulate recommendations on principal problems of unification in the field of statistics of occupational diseases. There are several definitions of occupational diseases in Russia, but they are outdated and do not correspond to the concept of occupational risk recognized in the Labour Code of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to adopt the WHO concept of work-related illnesses and give it a legal status.

The Sheriff Must Be Obsessed with Racism!

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Border Patrol ◽  
The Family ◽  
The U.S ◽  
City Police

Chapter 6 explores how Herman Baca and San Diego Chicano/Mexicano created the Committee on Chicano Rights (CCR) in 1976. These activists fought the San Diego Sherriff’s Department issued order for taxi cab drivers, under penalty of citation and fines, to report any of their clientele who they “feel” might be undocumented to their offices for apprehension in 1972. The San Diego Police Department, under the administration of San Diego Mayor (and future California governor) Pete Wilson, followed suit in 1973 by assuming the responsibility of determining resident’s legal status and apprehending the undocumented to assist the U.S. Border Patrol. This culminated in the founding of the CCR through the struggle on behalf of the family of a Puerto Rican barrio youth, Luis “Tato” Rivera, killed by a National City police officer.

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