Malaysia's Privatization Programme

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakul H Dholakia ◽  
Ravindra H Dholakia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privatization Policy

Malaysia is among the first few developing countries to have launched a large scale programme of privatization of public enterprises. Malaysia's experience of formulating and implementing the privatization programme is generally hailed as a success story. In this paper, Bakul H Dholakia and Ravindra H Dholakia examine various aspects of Malaysia's privatization programme such as the objectives of privatization policy, methods of privatization, issues in implementation and the impact of the programme on the Malaysian economy, and also discuss the relevance of this experience for privatization in India.

scholarly journals Big science and human development: what is the connection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gastrow ◽  
Thelma Oppelt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Local Engagement ◽  
The Impact

The rationale for public expenditure and political support for large-scale science infrastructure is commonly underpinned by a universalist logic of big science’s benefits. Literature assessing the impact of big science focuses on its contributions towards new fundamental insights about the universe; the development of skills, capabilities, networks, and innovation; and the development of globally transformative technology platforms that in turn make significant impacts on global human development. However, research into the local development impact of big science infrastructure is scarce. In this paper we reflect on the development impact of a big science project at the local level, drawing on the case study of the Square Kilometre Array telescope in South Africa’s Karoo region. We find that the universalist logic that appears to apply at the global and national levels does not necessarily apply at the local level, where big science has resulted in human development benefits, but also substantial economic and social costs. On this basis we recommend that big science infrastructures, particularly in marginalised areas of developing countries, require a localised development proposition that takes into account local social complexities on the basis of extensive local engagement. Significance: A synthetic review is presented of the different causal pathways through which big science may impact on human development. Analytical distinctions are developed between the human development impacts of big science at the global, national, and local scales. Considerations are put forward for a developmental agenda for big science facilities, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 2895-2929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Muralidharan ◽  
Paul Niehaus ◽  
Sandip Sukhtankar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Antipoverty Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

Antipoverty programs in developing countries are often difficult to implement; in particular, many governments lack the capacity to deliver payments securely to targeted beneficiaries. We evaluate the impact of biometrically authenticated payments infrastructure (“Smartcards”) on beneficiaries of employment (NREGS) and pen sion (SSP) programs in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, using a large-scale experiment that randomized the rollout of Smartcards over 157 subdistricts and 19 million people. We find that, while incompletely implemented, the new system delivered a faster, more predictable, and less corrupt NREGS payments process without adversely affecting program access. For each of these outcomes, treatment group distributions first-order stochastically dominated those of the control group. The investment was cost-effective, as time savings to NREGS beneficiaries alone were equal to the cost of the intervention, and there was also a significant reduction in the “leakage” of funds between the government and beneficiaries in both NREGS and SSP programs. Beneficiaries overwhelmingly preferred the new system for both programs. Overall, our results suggest that investing in secure payments infrastructure can significantly enhance “state capacity” to implement welfare programs in developing countries. (JEL H53, H55, I32, I38, J65)

scholarly journals PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Carl Osunde
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
The Public ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Privatization is the transfer of assets, ownership and control of state owned enterprises from the public sector to private sector. This research was conducted to examine the impact of privatization on employees’ performance and managerial implications as a result of privatization of public enterprises. This current study reveals that post privatization can lead to massive job cuts, job insecurity especially among junior workers. Privatization increase job satisfaction, training and development opportunities, increase in salary and favourable working conditions which improves employees’ productivity and performance. This present research was conducted using respondents from Dangote Cement PLC, a privatized company previously known as Benue Cement Company in Nigeria and the findings of this research matched with previous researches on the impact of privatization in developed and developing countries such as United Kingdom, Japan, Nigeria, India and Ghana.

scholarly journals Privatization of public enterprises in Swaziland

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Good For ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Privatization Policy

Due to unemployment growth in the country, the nation is deeply concerned over the privatization program for public enterprises that took place in Swaziland recently. With this respect, this paper aims to provide an account of privatization policy and examine employees’ perception about the implementation of such policy in Swaziland. The study reveals that the privatization program in Swaziland has not been developed in isolation as a cure for all the economic problems in itself, but it forms part of the broader monetary, fiscal and social policies. Findings of the study also indicate that level of employees’ perception is low towards the implementation of privatization program in Swaziland. However, this research leads to the conclusion that privatization of public enterprises can be good for the economy of developing countries particularly Sub-Saharan African countries including Swaziland since most of public enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa make losses which are financed by government, thus creating huge deficits.

scholarly journals Issues of Privatizing Public Enterprise in the Telecommunications Sector in Korea

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Dong-Kun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Telecommunications Sector

There has been a change in attitudes toward public enterprises around the world in recent years. In Western Europe, the United Kingdom and France have set out to privatize public enterprises on a large scale. While many of developing countries have considered public enterprise as the mainstay of economic development, there has been also an increasing disillusionment with public enterprise and proposals have been made for privatization in various areas. This paper attempts to describe the economic role of public enterprise and explain the general reasons for privatizing public enterprise in the developing countries. And this paper attempts to draw some issues involved in the privatization of public enterprise, particularly considering the case of telecommunications sector in Korea. Future prospects are briefly mentioned as conclusion.

scholarly journals The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Performance in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yohanes B. Kadarusman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship is claimed to have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in developed countries, but less so in developing countries. Using the growth model, this study examines the impact of entrepreneurship on economic performance in Indonesia as indicated by economic growth and income per-capita from 1985 to 2017. The estimation result confirms the non-significant effect of the growth of entrepreneurial ventures on the growth of GDP per-capita. However, the accumulation of the ventures has a positive and significant effect on the level of GDP per capita. The different typology of entrepreneurial ventures in Indonesia provides some insight to explain the finding, namely: scale does matter. Indonesia already has abundant micro-scale entrepreneurs, but it has only a limited amount of small-scale entrepreneurs, and even fewer medium or large-scale entrepreneurs. This finding contributes to a better understanding of the statistically non-significant impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth in developing countries. This study also suggests that entrepreneurship policy in Indonesia should focus more on facilitating micro-scale ventures to continuously develop toward small, medium, and ultimately large-scale enterprises rather than on creating start-ups.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

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