Cognitive interdependence and the everyday expression of commitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1029
Author(s):  
Bret A. Davis ◽  
Daniel J. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

Based on interdependence theory, this study expands the work on cognitive interdependence—viewing a relationship as a pluralistic collective—by testing the proposition that cognitive interdependence is connected with everyday expressions of commitment. A sample of 275 individuals in romantic relationships completed an online survey. Results revealed that cognitive interdependence is characterized by greater inclusion of partners into self-concepts, more positive thoughts about the relationship, and viewing the relationship as central to one’s life. Further, results showed that cognitive interdependence is a critical linchpin mechanism linking relationship commitment with everyday expressions of commitment. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of cognitive interdependence for understanding commitment and pro-relationship behavior.

Unspoken, yet understood: Exploring how couples communicate their exclusivity agreements

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210011
Author(s):  
Megan D. Muise ◽  
Charlene F. Belu ◽  
Lucia F. O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
North American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Implied Meaning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Although monogamy (i.e., romantic and/or sexual exclusivity) remains the most common arrangement for romantic partnerships, there is little research exploring how couples communicate about exclusivity to one another. The current study assessed the ways in which couples discuss and negotiate exclusivity agreements, and whether those agreements change over time. Participants were 573 North American adults (mean age = 28.86 years; 52% identified as female) in romantic relationships who completed an online survey asking them to describe their current exclusivity agreements using both structured and open-ended survey questions. Open-ended data were subjected to inductive content analysis, and eight primary themes were identified. Although most (91%) indicated that they have an agreement to remain romantically and sexually exclusive in their relationships, only 43% reported coming to the agreement during an explicit conversation with their partner. More often (52%) the agreements were described as implied, meaning they had never actually been discussed. Of those with exclusivity agreements, 87% reported no change to their agreement throughout the relationship. Implications are discussed in terms of the value of direct communication between partners about exclusivity and infidelity.

The Possible Role of Companion-Animal Anthropomorphism and Social Support in the Physical and Psychological Health of Dog Guardians

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina M. Duvall Antonacopoulos ◽  
Timothy A. Pychyl
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhile previous research suggests that individuals who humanize their companion animals may have insufficient human social support (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), researchers have not examined the relation between companion-animal anthropomorphism and the health of animal guardians while taking into consideration their human social support levels. It was hypothesized that dog guardians with low levels of human social support would have poorer health if they engaged in high rather than low levels of anthropomorphism, while the health of dog guardians with high levels of human social support would not vary depending on their anthropomorphism levels. A sample of 203 Canadian dog guardians completed an online survey. Results revealed that, among dog guardians with low levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more depressed, visited the doctor more often, and took more medications. Furthermore, among dog guardians with high levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more stressed and depressed. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between anthropomorphic behavior, human social support, and dog guardians’ health.

Sexual Transgressions in Couples: The Influence of Dependence and Commitment on their Perception and Handling

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Garrido-Macías ◽  
Inmaculada Valor-Segura ◽  
Francisca Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Sexual Transgression ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Transgressions occur frequently in romantic relationships, and how they are perceived is influenced by the type of transgression that occurred. By means of an experimental study of 399 participants (75.9% women and 24.1% men) aged 18 to 64 years old (Mage = 31.20, SD = 10.48), we examined the relationship between the type of sexual transgression (infidelity versus coercion), and perceived severity, strategies individuals would use in response to the transgression, and the probability they would leave the relationship, as well as levels of dependence and commitment. Results revealed higher perceived severity (p < .001, η2p = .24) and probability of leaving the relationship (p < .001, η2p = .39) in the infidelity scenario (versus coercion). Meanwhile, women (compared to men) rated sexual transgressions as more severe (p < .001, η2p = .04) and reported a higher probability of leaving the relationship (p < .001, η2p = .03), as well as a higher use of active conflict resolution strategies (exit, p = .048, η2p = .01, and voice, p < .001, η2p = .06) and lower use of passive strategies (loyalty, p < .001, η2p = .08). Finally, high levels of commitment and dependence predicted lower perceived severity (commitment, p < .001, 95% CI [–.72, –.20]; dependence, p < .001, 95% CI [–1.73, –.85]) and lower probability of leaving the relationship (commitment, p = .048, 95% CI [–.55, –.01]; dependence, p < .001, 95% CI [–1.66, –.73]) in coercion (versus infidelity) transgressions. These results highlight the normalization of sexual coercion in romantic relationships, which is not viewed as negatively as infidelity, and that commitment and dependence contribute to minimizing the negative impressions of it.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 Anxiety on General Health: The Role of COVID-19 Coping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yıldırım ◽  
Ömer Akgül ◽  
Ekmel Geçer
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has unprecedently affected many aspects of people’s lives including their health. This study examined the mediating effect of COVID-19 coping strategies on the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and general health. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational study.Methods: Participants (70% females) included 4,624 adults (Mage=30.29±10.97 years) collected through online survey. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure for the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, COVID-19 Coping Scale, and General Health Scale which exhibited good internal consistency reliability. Findings showed that COVID-19 anxiety was negatively related with COVID-19 coping and general health. COVID-19 coping had a positive relationship with general health. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that COVID-19 coping partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and general health. Conclusions: These findings shed more light on the mechanism underlying between COVID-19 anxiety and health. The findings are important for tailoring and implementing coping-based intervention strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on general health.

Threat, Pressure, and Communication About Concussion Safety: Implications for Parent Concussion Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Megan Babkes Stellino ◽  
Sara P. D. Chrisman ◽  
Frederick P. Rivara
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Parental Communication ◽  
Parental Encouragement ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concussion Education

Background. Parental communication about the importance of reporting concussion symptoms can influence a child’s attitudes about such reporting, and is likely related to perceived threat of concussion. However, parental investment in child sport achievement might impede this communication. Purpose. To examine the relationship between perceived threat of concussion and parent–child communication regarding concussion symptom reporting, and the potential interaction with parental pressure regarding child sport achievement. Method. A total of 236 parents of youth soccer players completed an anonymous online survey. Results. There were greater odds of encouraging concussion reporting among parents who perceived that their child had a greater likelihood of sustaining a concussion ( OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04]) and lower odds among parents who exhibited greater parental sport pressure ( OR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.78, 0.99]). Parents whose child had a prior concussion were much more likely to communicate with their child about concussion reporting ( OR = 7.86, 95% CI [3.00, 20.55]). Conclusion. Initiatives are needed to support healthy sport parenting, particularly focusing on parental encouragement of concussion reporting. Possible directions for concussion education for parents based on the results of this study include providing parents with concrete guidance about the important role they can play in encouraging their child to report symptoms of a concussion, communicating the athletic consequences of continued sport involvement while experiencing symptoms of a concussion, and using narrative messaging with exemplars to personalize the information for parents of youth who have not previously sustained a concussion.

Study and Non-Study Related Technologies use of Flemish Students in Higher Education

2013 ◽  
pp. 84-104
Author(s):  
Steven Bruneel ◽  
Jan Elen ◽  
Kurt De Wit ◽  
Jef C. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

“Living technologies”, such as social networking sites and mobile phones are, nowadays, the subject of educational research. In this chapter we attempt to shed light on the relationship between the reasons for the use of living technologies and learning technologies from students’ perspectives. In this exploratory research project, 15 students were interviewed several times throughout the academic year and 143 students, from various bachelor programs at a Flemish university (Flanders/Belgium) completed an online survey. Results demonstrate that these students make a clear distinction with regard to the frequency and reasons for use of living technologies and learning technologies, with these students rarely use living technologies (for instance, Facebook or mobile phones) for educational purposes. Results are explained in terms of privacy and the reluctance to use particular applications for several non-educational reasons. We end with some possible suggestions for follow-up research.

scholarly journals From #RelationshipGoals to #Heartbreak – We use Instagram differently in various romantic relationship statuses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fejes-Vékássy ◽  
A. Ujhelyi ◽  
L. Faragó
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Relational Factors ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNowadays Social Media plays a key role in the formation, maintenance and breaking up of romantic relationships. Instagram, one of the most popular platforms among young adults, was examined by many researchers from the viewpoints of e.g. relationship goals, satisfaction and conflicts. These studies concentrate on the impact of online activities on relationships. With this current research our aim is to widen this perspective: we attempt to investigate how relational factors influence the use of the popular social network site. In Study 1 a qualitative approach was introduced (N = 18), in Study 2 participants (N = 238) reported in an online survey about their Instagram activity in various relationship statuses as well as relationship satisfaction and jealousy. We found that changes in the relationship status can be detected through the modification of Instagram usage. The characteristics of Instagram activity are significantly different at the beginning and at the end of a relationship. Furthermore, using cluster analysis we found that jealousy and relationship satisfaction are core predictors of post frequency, the amount of time spent with browsing and the importance of Instagram. In sum, the patterns of Instagram activity are strongly influenced by romantic relationship status.

scholarly journals Instagram selfie-posting and young women’s body dissatisfaction: Investigating the role of self-esteem and need for popularity

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

An online survey was conducted to explore how Instagram users’ selfie-posting behavior affects their self-esteem and body dissatisfaction. Female college students from South Korea (N = 321) participated in the survey. Results showed that Instagram users’ selfie-posting was positively related to their self-esteem. Moreover, Instagram users’ self-esteem mediated the relationship between their selfie-posting behavior and body dissatisfaction. Findings showed that Instagram users’ selfie-posting behavior may positively influence their self-esteem, which may consequently contribute to reducing their body dissatisfaction. Such an indirect effect of selfie-posting was moderated by Instagram users’ levels of the need for popularity. The indirect influence of selfie-posting on body dissatisfaction through self-esteem was only significant among those with low or moderate levels of the need for popularity. This suggests that those with lower levels of the need for popularity can benefit more from posting their selfies. These findings advance the emerging literature on the effects of selfie-posting by providing a moderated mediation model of selfie-posting and body image concerns.

scholarly journals The effect of the work meaning on organizational commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Miae Lee ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Byungkeol Lee ◽  
Jinkook Tak
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Meaning ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the effects of employees’ work meaning on organizational commitment and the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between work meaning and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 1,000 employees via online survey. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that work meaning explained an additional 26.1% of variance in organizational commitment with controlling demographic variables. Also among three factors of work meaning, self-actualization was the most important factor in explaining organizational commitment, and was followed by making a living and social relationships in order. Transformational leadership was found to play a moderating role on the relationship between self-actualization work meaning and organizational commitment. The higher transformational leadership of leaders was, the stronger relationship between self-actualization and organizational commitment was. This study showed that organizational commitment is influenced by work meaning and leadership style, and interactions of the two variables. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of e-cigarette users and their perceptions of the benefits, harms and risks of e-cigarette use: survey results from a convenience sample in Ottawa, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Volesky ◽  
A. Maki ◽  
C. Scherf ◽  
L. M. Watson ◽  
E. Cassol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Although e-cigarette use (‘‘vaping’’) is increasing in Canada, few attempts have been made to describe e-cigarette users (‘‘vapers’’). In this context, we conducted a study in Ottawa, Canada, to describe e-cigarette users’ perceptions of the benefits, harms and risks of e-cigarettes. We also collected information on why, how and where they use e-cigarettes as well as information on side effects. Methods A 24-item online survey was administered to individuals who purchased e-cigarettes or e-cigarette-related supplies at one of Ottawa’s 17 e-cigarette shops. Descriptive analyses characterized respondents, and logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between respondents’ characteristics and their perception of e-cigarette harms. Results The mean age of the 242 respondents was 38.1 years (range: 16–70 years); 66% were male. Nearly all had smoked 100 or more cigarettes in their lifetime (97.9%). More than 80% indicated that quitting smoking was a very important reason for starting to use e-cigarettes and 60% indicated that they intend to stop using e-cigarettes at some point. About 40% reported experiencing some side effects within 2 hours of using e-cigarettes. Those who did not report experiencing any of the listed side effects had approximately 3.2 times higher odds of perceiving e-cigarettes as harmless than those who reported having side effects (odds ratio ¼ 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.75–5.73). Conclusion Our findings suggest that most e-cigarette users are using them to reduce or stop smoking cigarettes and perceive them as harmless. Due to our use of convenience sampling, the reader should be cautious in generalizing our findings to all Canadian e-cigarette users.

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