Quality assessment of platelet rich plasma during anti-platelet therapy

Perfusion ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W Smith ◽  
Robert S Binford ◽  
David W Holt ◽  
David P Webb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Platelet Function Test ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Clopidogrel Bisulfate ◽  
Anti Platelet Therapy ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Platelet Concentration

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is being used with increased frequency in many surgical procedures for its known benefits of accelerated surgical wound site healing. Speculations in its efficacy in the presence of anti-platelet therapy have been proposed. To aid in defining a quality platelet rich plasma product in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate), we investigated three (3) groups (n=18) of cardiac surgical patients receiving PRP. Platelet function test, platelet concentration, and quantification of growth factors (PDGF-bb and TGF-b1) were evaluated. Results showed no statistical evidence of decreased growth factors delivered to the surgical wound site in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and/or Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate). Evidence in this pilot study supports the use of PRP for patients receiving Plavix and aspirin therapy without compromising the quantity of specific growth factors delivered to a wound site. Perfusion (2007) 22, 41—50.

Unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma in the treatment of non scarring alopecia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
G. A Ragimov ◽  
O. Yu Olisova ◽  
Kseniya G. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Scarring Alopecia ◽  
Platelet Concentration

The literature review of the cellular functioning mechanisms of the hair follicles, the role of stem cells in the life cycle of the hair, the major effects of growth factors are presented. Authors, patented treatment method of non scarring alopecia is described. The technology ofpreparation and method of use of unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma in various forms of alopecia are described. Own clinical observation of 60 patients with non scarring alopecia and results of their unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma are presented. 80% of patients had a clinical cure. Investigations of platelet concentration, white blood cells and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma and platelet leukocyte unactivated autoplasma were performed. The results are shown in the article.

Review of concentration yields in commercially available platelet-rich plasma (PRP) systems: a call for PRP standardization

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyal P Fadadu ◽  
Anthony J Mazzola ◽  
Corey W Hunter ◽  
Timothy T Davis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Separation Systems ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Promising Treatment

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become increasingly popular in pain medicine with hopes of becoming a safe, effective alternative to routine treatments. However, given its autologous nature, PRP injectate may differ depending on the specific manufacturer and protocol. Currently, there is no standardization of reporting protocol. This systematic review compiles and standardizes values on PRP preparation and final product composition of platelets, white cell count, and growth factors for ease of comparison. On review of 876 studies, 13 studies were selected according to our inclusion criteria. Data from 33 PRP systems and protocols were extracted and standardized. Overall, PRP final product concentrations as well as PRP preparation protocols varied widely between systems. However, platelet concentration was directly correlated with both volume of blood collected and device centrifugal force. In conclusion, there is a large heterogeneity between PRP separation systems that must be resolved for proper study of this promising treatment.

scholarly journals Liquid and Gel Platelet Rich Plasma as Skin Healing Adjuvant

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez ◽  
Helena Flores Mello ◽  
Priscilla Domingues Mörschbacher ◽  
Paula Barros Terraciano ◽  
Viviam Pignone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Platelet Concentration

Background: In recent decades, many researches have been conducted on processes involved in tissue repairing, mainly in the development of resources and technology designed to improve the wound healing progress. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) derived from autologous blood is defined as a plasma volume with platelet concentration higher than physiological level. It is an autogenous and low cost source of growth factors, which are essential for tissue regeneration due to their angiogenic, mitogenic, and chemotactic properties. The aim of this study was evaluate two forms of PRP- liquid and gel - regarding their capacity to influence quality and repair time of standardized skin injuries.Materials, Methods & Results: New Zealand healthy rabbits were distributed in three groups (n = 6): control group (CG), liquid platelet rich plasma group (LIQPRP), and gel platelet rich plasma group (GELPRP). Acute skin lesions were inducted in two areas approximately 2 cm close to scapular edge and depth including epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis to external muscular fascia. Animals received treatment according to each group. Injuries were measured with digital pachymeter in two directions: longer length (l) and longer width (w), every two days. Areas and healing rates were calculated. Microscopic analysis samples were collected on days seven and 14 and evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) for global tissue examination, and through Masson’s trichrome (MT) to collagen fibers present within the interstice. These analyzes considered: angiogenesis, inflammation infiltrated and collagen fibers quantity. Immunohistochemistry with anti-Ki-67 antibody was utilized for proliferative profile assessment. Kruskal-Wallis’ non-parametric tests of independent samples was performed for comparison of values obtained through platelet count, referring to evaluation of platelet increase on treatments. Scar contraction rate (CR) was evaluated through Shapiro-Wilk’s normality test, and then submitted to mixed models test. Results obtained by histopathological and immunohistochemistry were also evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk’s normality test (for all tests a 5% level of significance was considered). Platelet concentration achieved with liquid PRP was 8.64 and gel PRP reached 5.62 times higher than physiological values. Platelet increase mean for both groups was 7.95. No statistical significance was observed between groups. No side-effects or adverse reactions related to PRP usage were observed while study was conducted.Discussion: In the present study, there was a need to raise platelet poor plasma volume in order to obtain autogenous thrombin required for gel PRP. After this modification, a stable and reasonable platelet concentration gel was produced. However, this form of PRP application requires more time for sample preparation, increasing the production cost. Furthermore, injection of liquid PRP directly in the wound site activates platelets by generated substances due to needle perforation, and mainly due to tissue trauma generated at the lesion site. Relating to the therapies administered, gel PRP was considered more manageable, since 3D structure could easily adapt to wound site after simply deposition of it. Liquid PRP was administered with needle and syringe, which required the surgeon to be more careful and perform a slow injection in order to avoid any spill and loss of material. Furthermore, histopathological analysis did not point any clot traces formed by gel PRP dehydration, although it is not possible to ensure that the clot was eliminated, reabsorbed, or even removed by the animal. By this protocol, a stable and reasonable platelet concentration gel was produced. Further studies are encouraged as well as employment of alternative diagnostic tools, in order to better understand found results.

Assessment of the Clinical Benefit of Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Thrombocytopenia Using Novel Methodology To Measure Thrombus Formation and Thrombin Generation.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 949-949
Author(s):  
Sandra Cauwenberghs ◽  
Marion A.H. Feijge ◽  
Johan W.M. Heemskerk ◽  
Elisabeth van Pampus ◽  
Joyce Curvers
Keyword(s):  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Platelet Function Test ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Platelet Concentration

Abstract Patients developing severe thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy treatment are prophylactically transfused with platelets. Two novel methods were developed for measuring improved hemostasis in thrombocytopenic patients and to identify patients with aberrant responsiveness. In whole blood, platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on collagen was measured under flow. In platelet-rich plasma, platelet-dependent coagulation was assayed by automated measurement of thrombin generation. Thirty-eight thrombocytopenic patients were transfused with platelets stored in plasma or synthetic medium (PASII), and the transfusion effect on hemostatic activity was evaluated. Experimental conditions were established, where the outcome of flow and thrombin generation tests linearly increased with the platelet concentration (R2=0.98, p=0.001 and R2=0.98, p=0.008 respectively), and informed on the activation properties of platelets. In 35 out of 38 patients, transfusion with platelets in plasma or synthetic medium resulted in increased adhesion and thrombus formation under flow, and in increased platelet-dependent coagulation. The increase in platelet count after transfusion predicted 57% (P=0.001) of the improvement in function. Transfusion with platelets in plasma or synthetic medium increased the hemostatic activity with 0.63±0.30% and 0.68±0.48%, as determined with either platelet function test, with subtle differences between the two storage media. In acute graft-versus-host-disease, platelet-dependent coagulation was higher than in other patients, while thrombus formation was normal. In conclusion, altered thrombus formation and/or aberrant coagulation at low platelet counts can be detected with these novel developed and validated techniques.

scholarly journals The Influence of Low Platelet Count on Whole Blood Aggregometry Assessed by Multiplate

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. E211-E217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Stissing ◽  
Nadia P. Dridi ◽  
Sisse R. Ostrowski ◽  
Louise Bochsen ◽  
Pär I. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Platelet Function Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Whole Blood Aggregometry

The Multiplate, a whole blood (WB) platelet function test, has shown promising results identifying patients on antiplatelet therapy at increased risk of rethrombosis. In the present study, the influence of low platelet count on platelet aggregation was analyzed and compared with aggregation results in an artificial matrix, platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Heparinized and citrated blood was diluted with autologous plasma to platelet concentrations 200 to 25 × 109/L in WB samples (n = 10) and 200 to 100 × 109/L in PRP samples (n = 7). The platelet aggregation was investigated by the ADP-, ASPI-, COL-, and TRAP-test. The WB responses decreased at platelet concentration of ≤100 × 109/L (all P < .03), except for heparin-TRAP (50 × 109/L, P = .008) and citrate-ASPI (150 × 109/L, P = .03). In general, WB samples demonstrated higher aggregation than PRP samples at platelet concentrations 200 to 100 × 109/L ( P < .05). In conclusion, platelet concentration of <150 × 109/L may influence Multiplate which should be considered in clinical settings. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the importance of evaluating haemostasis in its natural matrix, WB.

scholarly journals Growth Factor Quantification of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Burn Patients Compared to Matched Healthy Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Marck ◽  
Kim Gardien ◽  
Marcel Vlig ◽  
Roelf Breederveld ◽  
Esther Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
And Gender

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is blood plasma with a platelet concentration above baseline. When activated, PRP releases growth factors involved in all stages of wound healing, potentially boosting the healing process. To expand our knowledge of the effectiveness of PRP, it is crucial to know the content and composition of PRP products. In this study, growth factor quantification measurements of PRP from burn patients and gender- and age-matched controls were performed. The PRP of burn patients showed levels of growth factors comparable to those of the PRP of healthy volunteers. Considerable intra-individual variation in growth factor content was found. However, a correlation was found between the platelet count of the PRP and most of the growth factors measured.

scholarly journals Advantages and Clinical Applications of Lyophilized Platelet-Rich Plasma in Various Disease Conditions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885-1892
Author(s):  
Pradeep Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Plasma Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Platelet Concentration

Abstract: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product defined as a portion of the plasma fraction of autologous blood with a platelet concentration above the baseline. The plasma occupies 55% of blood, which is rich in immunoglobulins and proteins that have a wide range of applications in various medical fields. Plasma therapy is applied to tackle various disorders or diseases as it induces the body to develop new healthy cells. It contains important components like antibodies, coagulation factor, enzymes, fibrinogen, proteins and albumin. PRP is a unique and advanced treatment which helps to increases the body’s natural healing process. Platelet lysate which is obtained from platelet rich plasma consist of various growth factors such as chemokines, cytokines, and antibacterial molecules and also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and repairing effects. As PRP is rich in the proteins and several antibodies, it is used for various chronic therapies such as hemophilia and autoimmune disorders as well as in various severe health problems. Lyophilized Platelet-rich plasma (LPRP) therapy is currently used in various fields such as in tissue regeneration, wound healing, scar revision, skin rejuvenating effects, alopecia and for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It is also used to heal wounds and illnesses. LPRP therapy is gaining attraction by many health professionals as it is a safe, effective, efficient, and easy approach in procuring, preserving, and therapy. In this review we described the advantages and applications of using lyophilized PRP in various diseases which might found to be effective in different treatment. Keywords: Plasma, Platelet, Growth Factors, Lyophilized platelet rich plasma.

scholarly journals Relevant Aspects of Centrifugation Step in the Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda G. M. Perez ◽  
José Fábio S. D. Lana ◽  
Ana Amélia Rodrigues ◽  
Angela Cristina M. Luzo ◽  
William D. Belangero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Centrifugal Acceleration ◽  
Platelet Recovery ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Centrifugation Step

Introduction. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors, playing important role in tissue healing. The wide variation of reported protocols for preparation of PRP leads to variable compositions, which induce different biological responses and prevent results comparison. This study aims to highlight relevant aspects of the centrifugation step to obtain reproducible results and overall quality. Material and Methods. Samples of blood were collected from 20 healthy donors that have signed free informed consent. Two centrifugation steps (spins) were analyzed for the influence of centrifugal acceleration, time, processed volume, and platelet gradient. The Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP) was characterized as platelet concentration, integrity, and viability (sP-selectin measurement). Results. Lower centrifugal accelerations favour platelet separation. The processing of 3.5 mL of blood at 100 ×g for 10 min (1st spin), 400 ×g for 10 min (2nd spin), withdrawing 2/3 of remnant plasma, promoted high platelet recovery (70–80%) and concentration (5x) maintaining platelet integrity and viability. The recovery of platelets was reduced for a larger WB volume (8.5 mL) processed. Conclusion. Centrifugal acceleration, time, WB processed volume, and minimization of the platelet gradient before sampling are relevant aspects to ensure reproducible compositions within the autologous nature of PRP.

Natural, Synthetic and their Combinatorial Nanocarriers Based Drug Delivery System in the Treatment Paradigm for Wound Healing Via Dermal Targeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 4551-4568
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kashif Iqubal ◽  
Sadaf Saleem ◽  
Ashif Iqubal ◽  
Aiswarya Chaudhuri ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Paradigm

A wound refers to the epithelial loss, accompanied by loss of muscle fibers collagen, nerves and bone instigated by surgery, trauma, frictions or by heat. Process of wound healing is a compounded activity of recovering the functional integrity of the damaged tissues. This process is mediated by various cytokines and growth factors usually liberated at the wound site. A plethora of herbal and synthetic drugs, as well as photodynamic therapy, is available to facilitate the process of wound healing. Generally, the systems used for the management of wounds tend to act through covering the ruptured site, reduce pain, inflammation, and prevent the invasion and growth of microorganisms. The available systems are, though, enough to meet these requirements, but the involvement of nanotechnology can ameliorate the performance of these protective coverings. In recent years, nano-based formulations have gained immense popularity among researchers for the wound healing process due to the enhanced benefits they offer over the conventional preparations. Hereupon, this review aims to cover the entire roadmap of wound healing, beginning from the molecular factors involved in the process, the various synthetic and herbal agents, and combination therapy available for the treatment and the current nano-based systems available for delivery through the topical route for wound healing.

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