Patient empowerment, what does it mean for adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness: A systematic review using critical interpretive synthesis

Background: Patient empowerment, defined as ‘a process through which people gain greater control over decisions and actions affecting their health’ (World Health Organization) is a key theme within global health and social care strategies. The benefits of incorporating empowerment strategies in care are well documented, but little is known about their application or impact for patients with advanced, life-limiting illness(s). Aim: To identify and synthesise the international evidence on patient empowerment for adults with advanced, life-limiting illness(s). Design: Systematic review (PROSPERO no. 46113) with critical interpretive synthesis methodology. Data sources: Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, PsycINFO and Cochrane) were searched from inception to March 2018. Grey literature and reference list/citation searches of included papers were undertaken. Inclusion criteria: empirical research involving patients with advanced life-limiting illness including descriptions of, or references to, patient empowerment within the study results. Results: In all, 13 papers met inclusion criteria. Two qualitative studies explored patient empowerment as a study objective. Six papers evaluated interventions, referencing patient empowerment as an incidental outcome. The following themes were identified from the interpretive synthesis: self-identity, personalised knowledge in theory and practice, negotiating personal and healthcare relationships, acknowledgement of terminal illness, and navigating continued losses. Conclusion: There are features of empowerment, for patients with advanced life-limiting illness distinct to those of other patient groups. Greater efforts should be made to progress the empowerment of patients nearing the end of their lives. We propose that the identified themes may provide a useful starting point to guide the assessment of existing or planned services and inform future research.

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A systematic review of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with people with intellectual disabilities: an unsafe gap in the literature

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1108/amhid-10-2020-0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Chloe Crompton ◽

Bethany Duncan ◽

Graham Simpson-Adkins

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

World Health ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Content Type ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

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Cognitive–Behavioral Therapies for Young People in Outpatient Treatment for Nonopioid Drug Use

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731516629803 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 363-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Trine Filges ◽

Anne-Marie Klint Jorgensen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young People ◽

Drug Use ◽

Outpatient Treatment ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Study Results ◽

Behavioral Therapies ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Objectives: This review evaluates the evidence on the effects of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) on drug use reduction for young people in treatment for nonopioid drug use. Method: We followed Campbell Collaboration guidelines to conduct a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials. Meta-analytic methods were used to quantitatively synthesize study results. Results: The search yielded seven studies that met inclusion criteria. Each of the seven studies compared CBT to another intervention. Authors’ Conclusions: The review found that there was no evidence that CBT interventions perform better or worse than the comparison interventions and additional research is needed. The number of studies included in this review was limited, and therefore should the overall results be interpreted with caution.

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Reflective Case Discussion (RCD) for Nurses : A Systematic Review

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i2.306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 332-337

Author(s):

Haeril Amir ◽

Sudarman Sudarman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Synthetic Data ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Research Articles ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Case Discussion ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Double Publication

The aim of this study was to determine the benefits of RCD on nurses themselves, this literature through identification from the Pubmed database, Science direct and online wiley, use the keywords 'Reflection' and 'Case' and 'Nursing'. The method of searching articles uses PICOT technique, Prism Flow diagram, abstraction and synthetic data. Through fulltext screening, double publication and eligibility, 455 research articles were found. The next step is to screen through the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria so that the final result of the article found is 4 articles. Articles have a lot to explain about the benefits RCD for nurses, RCD can add to the knowledge of nurses, minimize the gap theory and practice so that errors can be resolved. Literature is also finding benefits RCD on nurses is increasing the professionalism of the work and cooperation among fellow colleagues. Implementation of the RCD environment of clinical very ber benefits

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Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56110606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 606

Author(s):

Federico Giuseppe Patanè ◽

Aldo Liberto ◽

Andreana Nicoletta Maria Maglitto ◽

Pasquale Malandrino ◽

Massimiliano Esposito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

English Language ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Nandrolone Decanoate ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Study Results

Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

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Diagnostic Criteria of Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892420956871 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 194589242095687

Author(s):

Mohamad Z. Saltagi ◽

Brett T. Comer ◽

Samuel Hughes ◽

Jonathan Y. Ting ◽

Thomas S. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Sinus Disease ◽

Acute Rhinosinusitis ◽

Study Results ◽

Prisma Statement ◽

Clinical Phenomenon ◽

Definition Of

Background RARS is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects many patients, and diagnostic criteria for this condition are not fully characterized in the literature. Objective To examine diagnostic criteria for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS). Study Design Systematic review. Methods Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles related to RARS dating from 1990 to present, according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Full text articles pertinent to the diagnostic criteria of RARS were included in this review. Inclusion criteria included articles specifically addressing RARS; studies with 3 or more patients; and articles in English. Results A total of 1022 titles/abstracts potentially related to RARS were identified. Of these, sixty-nine full texts were selected for review, and 22 of these ultimately met inclusion criteria. The level of evidence was generally low. Studies and guidelines have used many different definitions for RARS diagnosis over the years based on symptomatology, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, imaging, and laboratory domains. Clinically important RARS has been defined most commonly as 4 or more discrete episodes of ARS per year, but this frequency is typically based on expert opinion. Additionally, radiologic anatomic associations such as concha bullosa, accessory maxillary os, and narrowed infundibular distance may be associated with RARS. Endoscopic visualization and imaging are sometimes used to confirm the presence of sinus disease during exacerbations of RARS, but there is variability in this practice. Conclusion The diagnostic definition for RARS has developed over time and is currently based on low level 4 and 5 evidence. Because of the migratory definition of RARS, comparing inter-study results of RARS management remains difficult, and future studies should aim to follow current expert guidelines on diagnostic criteria of RARS.

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Evaluation Studies of Robotic Rollators by the User Perspective: A Systematic Review

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000444878 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 644-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian Werner ◽

Phoebe Ullrich ◽

Milad Geravand ◽

Angelika Peer ◽

Klaus Hauer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Evaluation Studies ◽

Assessment Methods ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

User Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

User Perspective ◽

Study Results ◽

Target User ◽

Future Evaluation

Background: Robotic rollators enhance the basic functions of established devices by technically advanced physical, cognitive, or sensory support to increase autonomy in persons with severe impairment. In the evaluation of such ambient assisted living solutions, both the technical and user perspectives are important to prove usability, effectiveness and safety, and to ensure adequate device application. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the methodology of studies evaluating robotic rollators with focus on the user perspective and to give recommendations for future evaluation studies. Methods: A systematic literature search up to December 31, 2014, was conducted based on the Cochrane Review methodology using the electronic databases PubMed and IEEE Xplore. Articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: evaluation studies of robotic rollators documenting human-robot interaction, no case reports, published in English language. Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Large heterogeneity in the definitions of the target user group, study populations, study designs and assessment methods was found across the included studies. No generic methodology to evaluate robotic rollators could be identified. We found major methodological shortcomings related to insufficient sample descriptions and sample sizes, and lack of appropriate, standardized and validated assessment methods. Long-term use in habitual environment was also not evaluated. Conclusions: Apart from the heterogeneity, methodological deficits in most of the identified studies became apparent. Recommendations for future evaluation studies include: clear definition of target user group, adequate selection of subjects, inclusion of other assistive mobility devices for comparison, evaluation of the habitual use of advanced prototypes, adequate assessment strategy with established, standardized and validated methods, and statistical analysis of study results. Assessment strategies may additionally focus on specific functionalities of the robotic rollators allowing an individually tailored assessment of innovative features to document their added value.

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Distant mood monitoring for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

10.21203/rs.2.14069/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alberta Susanna Johanna van der Watt ◽

Willem Odendaal ◽

Kerry Louw ◽

Soraya Seedat

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Patient Empowerment ◽

Self Management ◽

Completion Rates ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Attrition Rates ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Appraisal Tool

Abstract Background: Whilst electronic self-monitoring and intervention programmes for mood disturbances in psychiatric disorders may promote self-management and patient empowerment, some level of interaction with professionals (such as clinicians, counsellors, and researchers) coupled with support is still positively valued by patients. This can allow for a more personalised approach, improve the efficiency of treatment, and adverse events can be managed in a time-appropriate manner, thereby mitigating some of the risks associated with mood fluctuations. Methods: This systematic review synthesises quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of daily/weekly/monthly remote mood monitoring by distant supporters (clinicians, lay counsellors, and researchers) (or with regular feedback by distant supporters in cases where mood monitoring was self-assessed), in participants with any psychiatric disorder. Effectiveness was defined by the change in depression and/or mania scores. Feasibility was determined according to completion/attrition rates and participant feedback. Studies were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. Results: Eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Distant mood monitoring was effective in improving depression scores but not mania scores. Feasibility, as measured through compliance and completion rates and participant feedback, varied. Conclusion: Distant mood monitoring with feedback is an appealing intervention, particularly in low resourced settings; however, further studies are needed to better understand the utility, feasibility, and effectiveness of these interventions in routine clinical care.

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Interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding among young mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-020-00340-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christa Buckland ◽

Debra Hector ◽

Gregory S. Kolt ◽

Paul Fahey ◽

Amit Arora

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Small Sample ◽

High Income ◽

World Health ◽

Young Mothers ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Peer Counselling

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding rates in many high-income countries are considerably lower than the World Health Organization recommendations. Younger mothers are less likely than older mothers to exclusively breastfeed or to exclusively breastfeed for a long duration. This systematic review explores interventions to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among young mothers in high-income countries. Methods A systematic search of the following databases was completed in August 2020: CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase. A manual search of the reference lists of all the included studies and published systematic reviews was also performed. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random effects model meta-analyses was applied. Heterogeneity of outcomes between the studies was assessed using both the χ2 test and the I2 statistic. Results Of 955 records identified in the search, 392 duplicates were removed, and nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were randomised controlled trial (RCTs) and two were quasi-experimental in design. Eight were conducted in the United States. The interventions included peer counselling, telephone support, massage, gift packs, financial incentive and antenatal education. Most studies included a combination of strategies, peer counselling being the most common. A meta-analysis of four of nine included studies did not detect a difference in rate of exclusive breastfeeding to 3 months postpartum (RR 1.44; 95% CI 0.82, 2.55; p = 0.204). This review is limited by the relatively few studies which met the inclusion criteria and the small sample sizes of most included studies. High rates of attrition and formula supplementation among the participants made it difficult to detect a statistically significant effect. Consistency in follow up times would enable more studies to be included in a meta-analysis. Conclusions Peer counselling was the most promising strategy associated with higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding. However, further studies are needed to understand the breastfeeding experiences of young mothers. Young mothers should be targeted specifically in intervention studies.

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Prevalence and correlates of skin self-examination behaviors among melanoma survivors: a systematic review

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibaa003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1120-1133

Author(s):

Trishnee Bhurosy ◽

Carolyn J Heckman ◽

Mary Riley

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

The United States ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Show Evidence ◽

The Usa ◽

Key Phrases ◽

Self Examination

Abstract Melanoma is the most common cause of skin cancer deaths, and individuals who have had melanoma have an increased risk of developing new melanomas. Doing regular self-examinations of skin enables one to detect thinner melanomas earlier when the disease is more treatable. The aim of this systematic review is to characterize and evaluate the existing literature on the prevalence and correlates of skin self-examination (SSE) behaviors among adult melanoma survivors in the USA and Canada. A computerized literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria for the studies were: (a) reported results for adult melanoma survivors in the USA or Canada, (b) papers described empirical research, (c) assessed SSE and related behaviors, and (d) papers were published in a peer-reviewed journal in the past 20 years. Key phrases such as “skin self-examination/SSE in melanoma survivors in the United States” and “correlates of skin self-examination/SSE” were used. Based on the inclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in the systematic review. SSE prevalence varied depending on how SSE was defined. Demographics and factors (gender, education level, patient characteristics, partner assistance, and physician support) associated with SSE were identified. Findings of this review show evidence for the need to have a consistent way to assess SSE and suggest different types of correlates on which to focus in order to promote SSE and reduce the risk of melanoma recurrence in survivors. This systematic review and its protocol have been registered in the international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews in health and social care (PROSPERO; ID: 148878)

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Religiosity and its relationship with Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review.

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v20i4.1654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Junainah Azmi ◽

Sharifah Munirah ◽

Mohd Said Nurumal ◽

Hanida Hani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Behaviour ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Muslim Country ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Religious Activities ◽

Study Results ◽

Islamic Religion ◽

The Relationship

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the literature regarding the relationship between religiosity and smoking behaviour. Methods: Four electronic databases were used to identify the literatures including Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest and PubMed. The search was limited to full text articles and in English or Malay only. Articles on smoking prevention and other nicotine delivering devices such as vape or electronic cigarette were excluded from the study. Results: Initially, 10,154 articles were retrieved and 12 met the inclusion criteria. Out of the 12 studies, five studies revealed a significant relationship between religious activities and cessation while the others showed inverse associations between religiosity and smoking. Conclusion: Religiosity played an important role in influencing smoking behaviour, making it an important vehicle to complement other existing tobacco control efforts. Limited studies were focusing on the Islamic religion despite the growing number of Muslim populations worldwide. Thus, further research on the integration of Islamic religion in smoking cessation program is highly recommended especially in a Muslim country like Malaysia.

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