How Do You Feel? Managing Emotional Reaction, Conveyance, and Detachment on Facebook and Instagram

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anson Au ◽  
Matthew Chew
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
Default State ◽  
Depth Interviews

Studies of social media and its uses have focused on how it shapes behavior but less so with emotion. Overcoming this limitation, this article investigates the role of emotion in understanding and shaping actions online, and how, conversely, different uses of social media are leveraged to manage and express emotions, focusing on Facebook and Instagram. To this end, this article draws on 24 in-depth interviews with youth users in Hong Kong to excavate practices of emotional labor and management online, which reveal (1) strategies to manage emotional reactions, centering on critical distance; (2) strategies to manage emotional conveyance by manipulating the temporality of the content they produce; and (3) the creation of a digital blasé that consisted of the atmosphere of Facebook and Instagram, sustained by general emotional detachment, the perceived need to detach, and a sense of “watchedness”. Throughout, emotional detachment was the default state that users entered into when using Facebook and Instagram, as an anticipatory reaction to the emotional exhaustion imposed by imagined content and into which they inevitably returned.

Brand and influencer strategies in social media marketing of luxury brands in African cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehita Iqani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article explores the role of social media promotions in the marketing of luxury, from the perspectives of both representatives of global brands and the local influencers contracted to promote them online. It provides insights into role of social media in marketing luxury in ‘new’ markets (African cities) and the complexities attendant to the relationship between brand representatives and influencers. It reports on in-depth interviews with brand representatives and social media influencers working in the luxury sector in large anglophone African cities. Empirical findings show the role of social media in how luxury is promoted by those working in the industry. Three key complexities to do with value, trust and authenticity were evident in how global brand representatives and local influencers discussed social media. In terms of value, influencers emphasize strategies for monetizing visibility, while brand managers emphasize the need to get their money’s worth. Regarding trust, influencers express caution about brands trying to exploit them, while brands express scepticism about the extent of influencer’s abilities. On the topic of authenticity, influencers emphasize how the integrity of their personal brands is paramount, while brand representatives are mostly concerned with how genuine the social media posts seem. The article provides original empirical details about the relationships between brand managers and social media influencers, as well as to the nuances of social media luxury marketing in African cities. It contributes to critical theories of branding practice in media economies of the global south.

Competitive framing, emotion and heterogeneity: framing effects on Twitter in the case of an alt-right rally

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Porismita Borah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
News Frames ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts

PurposeThe current study has three main purposes: (1) replicate results from prior framing effects studies on social media. To do so, the study examines the influence of news frames (free speech vs. public order) on participants' attitudes toward an alt-right rally (2) expand prior research by examining the emotional reaction of participants to these frames and (3) probe the moderating effects of face-to-face heterogenous talk and heterogenous social media feeds.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from theoretical concepts such as competitive framing, emotions and heterogeneity, the study uses a randomized online experiment. The study examines a conversation in a Twitter thread that includes both free speech and public order frames in the comments to the thread. The total number of participants was 275.FindingsThe results show that free speech versus public order frame did not impact attitudes of the participants toward the alt-right rally. Findings also show the significant main effects of free speech and public order frames and the interaction of exposure to heterogeneity on emotional reactions of outrage and anger toward the alt-right rally. These findings suggest that framing research needs to take social media features into consideration for a complete picture of framing effects on social media.Originality/valueUsing a classic framing effects experiment, the study includes variables relevant to social media discussions on Twitter and examined the moderating effects of heterogeneity on emotional reactions. In addition, one of the important methodological contributions of the current study are the framing manipulations for an externally valid experimental design.

The Academic Trinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Shannon D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
African American Female ◽  
Predominantly White University ◽  
Affinity Group ◽  
Attitude Learning

This chapter highlights emotional labor from the perspective of a leader with the intersectionalities of being African American, female, and serving in a leadership role at a predominantly white university. Also shared are lessons learned from managing emotion in the workplace including being true to one's self, understanding your purpose, adopting a “put me in coach” attitude, learning to talk to people, finding an affinity group, minding your manners and words on social media, and being inclusive. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the role of inclusion in mitigating emotional labor in the workplace.

scholarly journals Digital (dis)connectivity in fraught contexts: The case of gay refugees in Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dhoest
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Depth Interviews

The key role of digital and mobile media for refugees is increasingly acknowledged, but while the literature on the topic tends to celebrate the advantages of digital media, it is important to also acknowledge limitations. Thus, the focus on the creation and maintenance of connections through digital media may obscure experiences and practices of disconnection. This is certainly the case for forced migrants with non-normative sexual orientations, for whom experiences of homophobia within the family and ethno-cultural community in the country of origin may extend to fraught situations in the country of residence. As with digital media in general, it is important to consider the ‘offline’ social and cultural conditions determining online media uses. This article focuses on the specific challenges for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer refugees, both in general and in Belgium, drawing on desk research and expert interviews, as well as nine in-depth interviews with gay-identifying male refugees. While the refugees are relatively positive about the Belgian situation, they do identify a number of challenges. They use digital media to stay connected to family and other people in the country of origin, but often this connection has become difficult. Social media and dating sites also offer a way to connect to other gay men, but these connections can be equally fraught, particularly in the country of origin for danger of exposure but also in Belgium as social media transcend national boundaries. For this reason, some participants created new or parallel profiles, to keep their gay lives disconnected from their family lives. Overall, then, digital media are a tool not only of connection but also of strategic disconnection for gay refugees.

scholarly journals In/visibility in Social Media Work: The Hidden Labor Behind the Brands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Erin Duffy ◽  
Megan Sawey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Technical Communication ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
The Media ◽  
Marginal Status ◽  
Media Professionals ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Depth Interviews

Despite the staggering uptick in social media employment over the last decade, this nascent category of cultural labor remains comparatively under-theorized. In this paper, we contend that social media work is configured by a visibility paradox: while workers are tasked with elevating the presence—or visibility—of their employers’ brands across Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and more, their identities—and much of their labor—remains hidden behind branded social media accounts. To illuminate how this ostensible paradox impacts laborers’ conditions and experiences of work, we present data from in-depth interviews with more than 40 social media professionals. Their accounts make clear that social media work is not just materially concealed, but rendered socially invisible through its lack of crediting, marginal status, and incessant demands for un/under-compensated emotional labor. This patterned devaluation of social media employment can, we show, be situated along two gender-coded axes that have long structured the value of labor in the media and cultural industries: 1). technical-communication and 2). creation-circulation. After detailing these in/visibility mechanisms, we conclude by addressing the implications of our findings for the politics and subjectivities of work in an increasingly digital media economy.

scholarly journals The role of social media in managing supplier attractiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Tóth ◽  
Martin Liu ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Christos Braziotis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Managing attractiveness is a constant challenge to mobilize relationship-specific investments, especially in a business environment increasingly enhanced by social media (SM) activities. There is limited knowledge on how SM activities contribute to supplier attractiveness, so decisions about strategizing with SM and consequent resource allocations become highly uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to examine how suppliers’ SM activities influence supplier attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach Altogether, 57 senior managers were interviewed: 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers in strategic decision-making roles regarding SM on the supplier side, along with 20 senior managers responsible for purchasing or looking after supplier development; one-to-one interviews were complemented by a focus group with 5 senior managers on the buyer side. Findings The study reveals an inverse U-shaped relationship between the intensity of the supplier’s SM activity and its attractiveness and offers a set of propositions about the influence of SM on supplier attractiveness, with special regard to the perceived risks of increased transparency and becoming “too social” on SM. Practical implications The study highlights SM management results for supplier attractiveness and their impact areas on business growth and supply chain development. Originality/value This paper provides in-depth insights into the role of SM in managing supplier attractiveness. Various effects of SM activities are identified that aim to contribute to the body of literature on supplier attractiveness as well as SM management in buyer–supplier relationships.

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING (SMM) IN HEI’S ADMISSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Awais Mehmood ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Promotional Messages ◽  
Admissions Process ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) are shaping their operational approach in a more business oriented manner due to intensification of competition to recruit quality students. This requires adaption of various marketing communication tools to develop, sustain and improve brand image. The invent of Web 2.0 technologies have offered many such options to organizations including social media (SM) that is being now used by many (HEIs) to connect with their stakeholders especially students. The specific objective and purpose of this study is to investigate the use of SM marketing in the higher education sector in Pakistan and its perceived impact on admission of students. Methodology: It is a qualitative study based on inductive approach where in-depth interviews were conducted with the university’s administrators responsible to manage the SM activities. The interviews were transcribed using NVivo to determine content type placed online by the HEIs in Pakistan, benefits accrued and their perceived impact on student admission. In addition ethnography technique was used to find the type of content on SM being placed by the Pakistani HEIs. Findings: The study illustrates that Facebook and Twitter are the most commonly used social media accounts by the Pakistani HEIs. The content placed on SM by the Pakistani HEIs include announcements, admissions, events, community messages, promotional messages, achievements, greetings, endorsements and job/internships opportunities. Through this content HEIs areable to better engage with their students, obtain necessary feedback, correct any misperceptions and help in career building. These benefits are consequently contributing directly and indirectly to the elements considered important by students for selection of HEIs as highlighted in students’ preference theories(Soutar & Turner, 2000; Maringe, 2006; Mangan, Hughes, Davies, & Slack, 2010). Implications: This study will help the HEIs to understand common benefits they can accrue through their SM use and its potential in facilitating their admissions process. The study will also let the managers of SM in HEIs know of ways to optimize their usage of SM that will consequently help them better gauge the identified benefits and ultimately help in achieving desired objectives pertaining to students’ recruitment.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Media in Purchasing Behaviour of Young Digital Customers in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Milena Le Viet-Błaszczyk ◽  
Juliusz Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Purchasing Process

Background. The dynamically developing technology and changing system of interpersonal communication has modified the customers’ approach to the process of making purchasing decisions. The literature has even developed the concept of a new customer – a digital one. The market situation forced companies to look for effective modern tools for their marketing communication. One of such tools to reach digital customers is social media. Research aims. The aim of the article is to indicate the role of social media in the purchasing process of Polish digital customers aged 18–26. Methodology. The conclusions presented in the article are the result of an analysis of quantitative and qualitative research, which consisted of a survey with 140 respondents and of 6 individual in-depth interviews. Findings. The conducted research has shown that social media have a significant role in customers’ purchasing decisions. They influence the perception of the brand by customers but also the purchase of specific products. Based on the research results, it can be assumed that SM functionalities that shorten the purchasing process will be developed in the future, and the role of social media in the purchasing process will grow. JEL Codes: M3, M30, M31, M37.

scholarly journals Role of Social Media In Reducing Culture Shock: A Research of Interstate Migrants in Jammu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
External Migration

In the era of globalisation, migration has become a common phenomenon in India. The interplay between push and pull factors play an important role in both internal and external migration. However, it is pertinent to mention that when individuals migrate it is not only the migration of a physical being but the migration of cultures as well. These migrating cultures undergo various changes in their forms as the result of culture contact. This may be in form of assimilation or acculturation. But at the same time one of the major impacts on the migrating individual can be seen in form of culture shock which is generally a feeling of disorientation experienced by the migrating individual who is subjected to unfamiliar culture. Here comes the role of various institutions and mediums that facilitate the process of cultural adaptation. The growth of social media has helped in bridging the gap between distinct societies by connecting like-minded individuals. It helps to gain a prior knowledge regarding the customs, traditions, beliefs of host cultures along with maintaining strong ties with the families and friends which reduces the threshold of migration. This paper attempts to analyse the role of social media in reducing culture shock while studying interstate migrants in Jammu, J&K by opting in-depth interviews using qualitative method. Depending upon the analysis, discussions are stated that social media plays an important role in facilitating intercultural adjustments.

Mastering Metrics: The Impact of Social Media on the Routines and Values of Broadcast Journalists

2021 ◽  
pp. 193124312110500
Author(s):  
Stefanie Davis Kempton ◽  
Colleen Connolly Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Television News ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
News Industry ◽  
Media Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Method Approach

Social media use is essential for success in today's television news industry. Broadcast journalists use social media platforms to gather and disseminate news in more efficient ways. Broadcasters are also using social media to engage with news consumers in innovative ways. This study employs a mixed-method approach to better understand how social media impacts broadcast journalists’ routines and values and explores the role of gender in broadcasters’ social media strategies. Qualitative in-depth interviews with top broadcast journalists and a social media discourse analysis of their Twitter pages produces this study's findings. Findings suggest that in many television newsrooms social media have become more important than traditional platforms like evening newscasts, and social media metrics are being used to gauge journalists’ success. Additionally, women broadcasters are disadvantaged by the current social media practices in many newsrooms. Implications are discussed.

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