Assessing the Collective Impact of Community Health Programs Funded by Food and Beverage Companies: A New Community-Focused Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Barata-Cavalcanti ◽  
May May Leung ◽  
Sergio Costa ◽  
Katrina F. Mateo ◽  
Michelle Guillermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
Community Assessment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
New Community ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
The Impact

Aims We developed and pilot-tested a new methodology to evaluate the collective impact (CI) of food and beverage company-funded community-based programs aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity. Methods The Collective Impact Community Assessment Scale assesses programs across 14 dimensions. Five community programs funded by five companies participated in the testing of this tool. Qualitative data were collected through in-person key informant interviews, focus groups, and direct observations of program activities. Eight interviews/focus groups (representing program management, delivery staff, participants, and community champions) were selected in each program for review and analysis using a scoring system with preestablished anchors and algorithms. Raw scores ranged on a scale from 0 to 8 for each dimension and were standardized as percentages. Dimension scores were averaged to generate a total composite score. Results Total composite scores of CI for programs ranged from 63% to 89%. The CI dimensions that scored the highest were backbone infrastructure (median = 94%, range = 88%–100%) and common agenda (median = 91%, range = 59%–97%). All programs scored lower on dimensions related to their ability to impact funding flows (median = 47%, range = 34%–94%), cultural norms (median = 69%, range = 34%–88%), and advocacy and public policy (median = 56%, range = 25%–69%). Conclusion Variability in CI approach scores demonstrates the tool’s ability to differentiate the impact of a wide range of programs across multiple dimensions. The CI Community Assessment Scale provides a common metric platform to compare different community-based initiatives.

scholarly journals Focus on psychiatry in Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Piccinelli ◽  
Pierluigi Politi ◽  
Francesco Barale
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
New Community ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Considerations

Italy has experienced a significant change in its mental health sector, with a radical shift from old mental institutions to new community-based psychiatric services. The Italian experience attracted international attention and, in some instances, led to similar changes occurring abroad. Recently, economic considerations are imposing additional challenges on the health care system in general, with psychiatry facing distinct and peculiar problems due to its unique organisation and objectives. This paper aims:(a) to provide a historical overview of the changes in mental health provision in Italy over the past century;(b) to describe the present organisation of mental health services;(c) to show the impact of financing on the mental health sector;(d) to acknowledge the education and training programmes in mental health;(e) to outline research directions and activities.

scholarly journals Food and beverage marketing in schools: school superintendents’ perspectives and practices after the healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031
Author(s):  
Yuka Asada ◽  
Jennifer L Harris ◽  
Sally Mancini ◽  
Marlene B Schwartz ◽  
Jamie F Chriqui
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
School Superintendents ◽  
Assistant Superintendents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Qualitative Focus Groups ◽  
Wellness Policies

AbstractObjective:Children are surrounded by ubiquitous forms of unhealthy food marketing at home and in schools. The US Department of Agriculture now restricts food and beverage marketing that does not meet Smart Snacks in School standards. School superintendents, as districts’ top administrators, play a critical role in ensuring marketing policies are implemented and adhered to; however, there is limited research involving this stakeholder group. The current study examined superintendents’ perspectives on food marketing in schools and the marketing provision in wellness policies, as well as experiences with the implementation of such policies.Design:Qualitative focus groups and follow-up interviews (with focus group participants) were conducted by trained researchers.Setting:Focus groups occurred at The School Superintendents’ annual meeting; follow-up interviews were over the telephone.Participants:Superintendents and assistant superintendents (n 39) from twenty-three states participated. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed; transcripts were team-coded in Atlas.ti using an iteratively revised coding guide to facilitate theme generation.Results:Despite common concerns that marketing to children was ‘insidious’, superintendents reported a wide range of food and beverage marketing policies. In addition, the main issue is fundraising – such as ‘restaurant nights’ – that results in marketing that occurs on- and off-campus and afterschool.Conclusions:Discrepancies between perspectives and practices point to the challenges that superintendents face with budgetary constraints, as well as relationships with parent–teacher organisations. These findings provide important insights about superintendents’ perspectives and challenges, particularly for government and child health advocates supporting school districts, to implement these policies.

Mental health social work reimagined

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
New Community ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
The Impact

The final chapter summarises the key themes of the book. It outlines the narratives that have underpinned reforms of mental health legislation examining moves towards a rights-based approach. The chapter explores the impact of austerity policies on mental health services and services users. The chapter concludes with a call for new community based approaches and a rejection of risk and bureaucratic managerialism.

scholarly journals Impact of a community-based ‘challenging behaviour’ service on bed occupancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 660-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Perry ◽  
Vallepur H. R. Krishnan ◽  
Sidhartha Tewari ◽  
Colin Cowan ◽  
Ashok Roy
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Behavioural Disturbance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Impact

People with learning disability and behavioural disturbance can be difficult to treat in the community, frequently requiring specialist in-patient assessment. The impact which a new community-based ‘challenging behaviour service’ has had on a district's in-patient bed use is described.

scholarly journals Exploring the Experiences of Persons Living With Dementia and Their Care Partners in a Memory Café-Style Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
Morgan Bunting ◽  
Inga Antonsdottir ◽  
Marti Bailey ◽  
Quincy Samus
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Community-based supportive care interventions are needed to address unmet needs and maximize quality of life for persons living with dementias and their care partners (care dyad). Memory cafés and similar programs serve as a potentially important vehicle to reduce dementia stigmatization, improve inclusiveness, promote well-being, socialization and meaningful activity engagement, and disseminate dementia-related education and knowledge. Despite gaining popularity, little is known about how these programs impact participants or how they work best. The Club Memory® program in Washington, D.C. is an enhanced memory café-style program that delivers a normalizing environment, decreased negative stigma and a chance to experience a catalyst for change despite disease progression. Using qualitative methods, we investigated the perceived impact, benefits, and weaknesses of Club Memory from multi-stakeholder perspective, to explore how this program might be improved and standardized for broader implementation. We conducted two focus groups, one of care partners and one of persons living with dementia (N=12). Upon analyzing transcriptions, five common themes emerged among the focus groups: Atmosphere, Sense of Community, Skill-Building, Tools and Strength in Staff. Integrating perspectives from the care dyad revealed congruent thoughts on program perception, benefits and strengths, and opportunities for improvement. Club Memory® appears to be a valuable model that creates a stigma-free supportive environment, educates and engages the care dyad to foster understanding, confidence, curiosity and empowerment. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact community-based strategies can positively impact the care dyad’s life.

scholarly journals Enhancing Connections and Providing Support to Improve Breastfeeding Practices in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 947-947
Author(s):  
Jennifer Burns
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To measure the impact of a community-based approach in improving breastfeeding practices in Benin. Methods Pregnant and lactating women participated in monthly peer support group sessions and received household counseling. Husbands were engaged in couples counseling to improve household communication and decision making. Leadership groups (elder women, religious and traditional leaders) were established to promote optimal breastfeeding practices during household visits, traditional ceremonies and religious services. Women were counseled by midwives and breastfeeding counselors during antenatal and post-natal visits. Key decision makers from national to village level were engaged to ensure buy-in and alignment with national policies. A final evaluation was carried out in villages representing the Bariba, Peulh, and Nateni ethnic groups. Study participants were a convenience sample of the project beneficiaries and health and nutrition administrative offices. Using a mixed methods approach, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews were selected for qualitative methods, while a survey was used for quantitative methods. Results There were substantial increases in adoption of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding (18% and 34%, respectively). Knowledge of the benefits of colostrum and breastmilk improved among a wide range of project beneficiaries. Protecting the infant's health, increased intelligence of the infant, and healthier relationships between men and women were common motivations for adopting these practices. Traditional practices of discarding colostrum, and provision of herbal tea, water and porridge to supplement breastmilk were reduced. Barriers and enablers such as workload burden, illness and hunger of the mother, and traditional feeding practices, and support provided through the various project platforms, were identified. Conclusions A multi-pronged community-based approach can increase adoption of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices. Engaging household influencers (husbands, grandmothers) and community leadership (traditional and religious leaders, community volunteers, health workers), coupled with engaging key decision makers (national, district and commune leadership) was key to the success. Funding Sources Catholic Relief Services.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Evaluation Based on Tourist Consumption toward Sustainable Tourism in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kitamura ◽  
Yuki Ichisugi ◽  
Selim Karkour ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
The Impact

The importance of the contribution of tourism to climate change has been noted by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). By combining a process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) and input–output analysis, several researchers have attempted to evaluate the impacts of the tourism industry, as well as its products and services. Indeed, the tourism sector has a wide range of industries, including travel and tours, transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, amusement, souvenirs, etc. However, the existing cases do not show a breakdown of the impact on climate change. In this paper, the carbon footprint (CFP) of the Japanese tourism industry was calculated based on tourist consumption, using the Japanese input–output table and the Japanese tourism industry. We demonstrate that the total emissions were approximately 136 million t-CO2 per year. The contribution ratio of each stage is as follows: Transport 56.3%, Souvenirs 23.2%, Petrol (direct emissions) 16.9%, Accommodation 9.8%, Food and Beverage 7.5%, and Activities 3.0%. Then, in the breakdown, the impacts are in the following order: Air transport 24.7%, Petrol (direct emissions) 16.9%, Accommodation 9.8%, Food and Beverage 7.5%, Petrol 6.1%, Textile products 5.3%, Food items 4.9%, Confectionery 4.8%, Rail transport 3.9%, Cosmetics 1.9%, and Footwear 1.8%. In addition to transportation, this research also highlights the contribution from souvenirs, accommodation, and food and beverages.

scholarly journals Do multiple community-based interventions on health promotion tackle health inequalities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Nickel ◽  
Olaf von dem Knesebeck
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous systematic reviews of the impact of multi-component community-based health promotion interventions on reducing health inequalities by socio-economic status (SES) were restricted to physical activity and smoking behavior, and revealed limited and rather disillusioning evidence. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review worldwide to close this gap, including a wide range of health outcomes. Methods The Pubmed and PsycINFO databases were screened for relevant articles published between January 1999 and August 2019, revealing 87 potentially eligible publications out of 2876 hits. In addition, three studies out of a prior review on the effectiveness of community-based interventions were reanalyzed under the new research question. After a systematic review process, 23 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Results More than half (56.5%) of the studies reported improvements of socially disadvantaged communities overall (i.e. reduced inequalities at the area level) in at least one health behavior and/or health status outcome. Amongst the remaining studies we found some beneficial effects in the most deprived sub-groups of residents (8.2%) and studies with no differences between intervention and control areas (34.8%). There was no evidence that any program under review resulted in an increase in health disparity. Conclusions Our results confirm that community-based interventions may be reducing absolute health inequalities of deprived and disadvantaged populations, but their potential so far is not fully realized. For the future, greater attention should be paid to inequalities between sub-groups within communities when analyzing changes in health inequality over time.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP PRACTICES TO TEAM MEMBERS’ SATISFACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalimah .
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

eamwork is becoming increasingly important to wide range of operations. It applies to all levels of the company. It is just as important for top executives as it is to middle management, supervisors and shop floor workers. Poor teamwork at any level or between levels can seriously damage organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper was therefore to examine whether leadership practices consist of team leader behavior, conflict resolution style and openness in communication significantly influenced the team member’s satisfaction in hotel industry. Result indicates that team leader behavior and the conflict resolution style significantly influenced team member satisfaction. It was surprising that openness in communication did not affect significantly to the team members’ satisfaction.

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