Mammography and Morphobiologic Characteristics of Human Breast Cancer

Aims A comparative analysis was performed to verify a possible correlation between mammographic features and morphobiologic characteristics of the tumor in a series of 176 invasive primary breast cancer patients. Methods Breast cancers were grouped according to mammographic features as follows: tumor mass with spiculated borders; tumor mass with well-circumscribed borders; tumor with density alteration of parenchyma with no clear borders; a cluster of micro-calcifications as the only sign of tumor presence; tumor without mammographic abnormality. The tumor tissue biologic characteristics investigated were: hormone receptor content, tumor proliferative activity, DNA content and cytohlstologic tumor-grade differentiation. Results Spiculated tumors showed a significantly higher percentage of estrogen-receptorpositive cases with respect to circumscribed tumors, independently of the patient's menopausal status. Tumors with only microcalcifications were all from premenopausal patients and showed a significantly higher percentage of progesterone-receptor-positive cases (83 %). Tumor proliferative activity did not significantly differ in the 5 mammographic breast cancer groups; aneuploidy was less frequent in tumors with spiculated borders than in mammographic types (39 % vs 57 %; p = 0.05); percentages of G1-G2-G3 tumors did not differ significantly among the mammographic groups considered. Conclusions Certain relationships between mammographic features and biologic characteristics could be of potential clinical interest and stimulate more detailed studies on this issue.

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Androgen Receptor Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Archives of Breast Cancer ◽

10.32768/abc.20196290-94 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

Samane Jam ◽

Alireza Abdollahi ◽

Sanaz Zand ◽

Zahra Khazaeipour ◽

Ramesh Omranipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Lymphovascular Invasion ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15 to 20% of all breast cancers. These patients do not benefit from hormone therapy and other targeted treatments of breast cancer. Recently, researchers proposed the use of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies in this subset of patients. The rate of AR expression in TNBC patients varies from 0 to 53%. AR positivity is associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate AR status in TNBC patients and its association with other demographic and pathologic features.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Cancer Institute of Iran, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in 2015. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumor blocks were evaluated to determine the AR status of the tumors. Demographic and pathologic characteristics of the patients were retrieved from the department of pathology database. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0.Results: Seventy-seven TNBC patients with the mean age of 45.3 ± 11.5 were assessed. Twenty-six patients (34%) showed AR expression, and 51 patients (56%) did not have AR expression. There was no significant correlation between AR status and age, tumor size, histopathologic type of tumor, or lymph node involvement. However, AR positivity had a statistically significant association with a lower tumor grade and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.029 and P = 0.01, respectively).Conclusion: TNBC patients with AR expression tend to have lower tumor grades and higher rates of lymphovascular invasion.

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Expression of Insulin Receptor and c-MET Is Associated with Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Molecular Subtypes in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10051614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1614

Author(s):

Nehad M. Ayoub ◽

Rami J. Yaghan ◽

Alia H. Al-Mohtaseb ◽

Najla Aldaoud ◽

Ismail I. Matalka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Molecular Subtypes ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽

Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽

Er Positive ◽

Premenopausal Patients

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) represent a class of transmembrane receptors known to play an important role in cancer development and progression. In this study, the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) was examined in breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry for IR and c-MET was performed on 71 cases of invasive breast cancer and expression scores were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular subtypes and further stratified based on a menopausal status. Expression of IR was significantly associated with the tumor grade (p = 0.017) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression (p = 0.015). There was a significant positive correlation between IR and c-MET expression scores (rho = 0.458, p < 0.001). Among premenopausal cases, IR scores were significantly higher in patients with grade I/II disease (p = 0.025), ER-positive (p = 0.030), and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive carcinoma (p = 0.015). c-MET expression scores were significantly higher among premenopausal patients with ER-positive (p = 0.007) and PR-positive carcinoma (p = 0.024). IR expression scores were significantly different among molecular subtypes for all patients (p = 0.006) and among premenopausal cases (p = 0.035). c-MET expression was statistically different among molecular subtypes for premenopausal patients (p = 0.019). Survival analysis revealed that the expression status of IR and c-MET was not associated with overall survival. Our findings support a favorable prognostic value for IR and c-MET expression in premenopausal breast cancer patients.

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Outcome of breast cancer patients with stage I diesease: A retrospective analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11026 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e11026-e11026

Author(s):

Aydin Ergun ◽

Nadire Kucukoztas ◽

Selim Yalcin ◽

Samed Rahatli ◽

Taner Babacan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Screening Mammography ◽

Stage I ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Grade 3

e11026 Background: Breast cancer is being diagnosed at earlier stages with the increasing use of screening mammography and public awareness. Treatment of stage I breast cancer is not established strictly and various prognostic and predictive factors are considered in treatment decisions. In this study, we aimed to determine feasible and reliable prognostic factors for using adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of stage I breast cancer. Methods: Patients with stage I breast cancer diagnosed in two centers, i.e. Baskent University and Hacettepe University, were retrospectively evaluated. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as patient outcomes in terms of DFS and OS were determined. Results: A total of 614 patients were identified. Median age was 50, and 44% were premenopausal. Patient characteristics were summarized in the table. Median follow-up was 38 months (6-369 mos). 38 patients relapsed on follow-up and 5 patients died. Seven of the relapses was locoregional, 29 were distant, including 10 with bone-only metastases, 19 with visceral metastases. Median DFS was 68 mos. Median OS was not reached. Five year DFS was 92% and 10 year DFS was 83%. 5 year OS was 96.8%. In multivariate analysis including age, hormone receptor status, cerbB2, grade, LV invasion, menopausal status and histological subtype, only grade 3 disease was shown to be associated with significantly increased relapse rate (OR 10, 95% CI; 1.15-86.9) Conclusions: In accordance with the pertinent literature, our findings suggest that tumor grade is strongly associated with higher risk of relapse. Further studies with molecular markers may provide beter prognostication and tailoring treatment according to the risk. [Table: see text]

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Metabolic Syndrome in Breast Cancer Patients: An Observational Study

Breast Cancer Basic and Clinical Research ◽

10.1177/11782234211026788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117822342110267

Author(s):

Siddhant Khare ◽

Santhosh Irrinki ◽

Yashwant Raj Sakaray ◽

Amanjit Bal ◽

Tulika Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Her2 Positive ◽

Dense Breasts ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Premenopausal Patients ◽

Definition Of

Background: The reported association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and breast cancer may have a significant impact on the incidence and mortality related to breast cancer. We undertook this study to find if the disease is different in patients with MetS. Materials and Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of MetS (according to the IDF definition of 2006) and also based on menopausal status. The presence of known risk and prognostic factors were also recorded, and the groups were compared. Results: A total of 305 patients were recruited, of which 191 (62.6%) had MetS. Patients with MetS were older than those without (52.1 versus 48.3 years, P = .014) and had a lower incidence of nulliparity (4.1% vs 12.8%, P = .005) and dense breasts (2.9% in MetS vs 10.8% in no MetS, P = .009). On further dividing into premenopausal and postmenopausal, these differences persisted only in premenopausal patients. MetS group had a lower number of HER2-positive tumours (14.3% for MetS, 23.9% for no MetS; P = .036). After dividing into premenopausal and postmenopausal, significant differences were observed in distant metastases (5.4% in MetS vs 16.1% in no MetS, P = .045) and in grade (higher grade in MetS, P = .05) in premenopausal patients. In postmenopausal patients, difference was observed in HER2 positivity (12.3% in MetS vs 28.8% in no MetS, P = .008). Conclusions: Breast cancer in patients with MetS may not be significantly different from breast cancer in patients without MetS.

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Prognostic Role of Hedgehog-GLI1 Signaling Pathway in Aggressive and Metastatic Breast Cancers

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200122120625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 33-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prasuja Rokkam ◽

Shailender Gugalavath ◽

Deepak Kakara Gift Kumar ◽

Rahul Kumar Vempati ◽

Rama Rao Malla

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Neural Development ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Basic Function ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Cellular Processes

Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) is reported as an amplified gene in human glioblastoma cells. It is a krupple like transcription factor, belonging to the zinc finger family. The basic function of GLI1 is normal neural development at various stages of human. The GLI1 gene was first mapped on the chromosome sub-bands 12q13.3-14.1. Further, single nucleotide polymorphism is mostly observed in translating a region of 5’ and 3’- UTR of GLI1 gene in addition to two post-transcriptional splice variants, GLIΔN and tGLI. Additionally, it also regulates a plethora of gene which mediates crucial cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, oncogenesis, EMT, and metastasis. It also regulates tumor tolerance, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. Aberrant expression of GLI1 predicts the poor survival of breast cancer patients. GLI1 is an essential mediator of the SHH signaling pathway regulating self-renewal of stem cells, angiogenesis, and expression of FOXS1, CYR61. GLI1 mediated HH pathway can induce apoptosis. Hence, GLI1 can be a future diagnostic, prognostic marker, and as well as a potent target of therapeutics in breast cancer.

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Overexpression of microRNA-21 in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536608666190318105757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Batool Savari ◽

Sohrab Boozarpour ◽

Maryam Tahmasebi-Birgani ◽

Hossein Sabouri ◽

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. So it seems that there's a good chance of recovery if it's detected in its early stages even before the appearances of symptoms. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role during cancer progression. These transcripts can be tracked in liquid samples to reveal if cancer exists, for earlier treatment. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been shown to be a key regulator of carcinogenesis, and breast tumor is no exception. Objective: The present study was aimed to track the miR-21 expression level in serum of the breast cancer patients in comparison with that of normal counterparts. Methods: Comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the levels of expression of miR-21 in the serum samples of 57 participants from which, 42 were the patients with breast cancer including pre-surgery patients (n = 30) and post-surgery patients (n = 12), and the others were the healthy controls (n = 15). Results: MiR-21 was significantly over expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients as compared with healthy controls (P = 0.002). A significant decrease was also observed following tumor resection (P < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that miR-21 overexpression level was significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.004). Conclusion: These findings suggest that miR-21 has the potential to be used as a novel breast cancer biomarker for early detection and prognosis, although further experiments are needed.

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Iodine Map Radiomics in Breast Cancer: Prediction of Metastatic Status

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2431

Author(s):

Lukas Lenga ◽

Simon Bernatz ◽

Simon S. Martin ◽

Christian Booz ◽

Christine Solbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Principal Component ◽

Validation Dataset ◽

Dual Energy Ct ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Iodine Map ◽

Iodine Maps

Dual-energy CT (DECT) iodine maps enable quantification of iodine concentrations as a marker for tissue vascularization. We investigated whether iodine map radiomic features derived from staging DECT enable prediction of breast cancer metastatic status, and whether textural differences exist between primary breast cancers and metastases. Seventy-seven treatment-naïve patients with biopsy-proven breast cancers were included retrospectively (41 non-metastatic, 36 metastatic). Radiomic features including first-, second-, and higher-order metrics as well as shape descriptors were extracted from volumes of interest on iodine maps. Following principal component analysis, a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-NN) was used for classification (70% of cases for training, 30% validation). Histopathology served as reference standard. MLP-NN predicted metastatic status with AUCs of up to 0.94, and accuracies of up to 92.6 in the training and 82.6 in the validation datasets. The separation of primary tumor and metastatic tissue yielded AUCs of up to 0.87, with accuracies of up to 82.8 in the training, and 85.7 in the validation dataset. DECT iodine map-based radiomic signatures may therefore predict metastatic status in breast cancer patients. In addition, microstructural differences between primary and metastatic breast cancer tissue may be reflected by differences in DECT radiomic features.

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Association between ultrasound findings, tumor type, grade, and biological markers in patients with breast cancer

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-019-0048-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasmine Mohamed Elsaeid ◽

Dina Elmetwally ◽

Salwa Mohamed Eteba

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

The State ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Duct Carcinoma ◽

Ultrasound Findings ◽

Her 2 ◽

And Biological Markers

Abstract Background This prospective study included 65 female patients with primary breast cancer. Ultrasound was performed for all patients. Ultrasound findings were analyzed according to the ACR BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition and correlated with tumor type, grade, and biological markers (ER, PR, HER-2/neu, and Ki67). The purpose of this study is to assess the association between ultrasound findings, tumor type, grade, and the state of biological markers in patients with breast cancer. Results Irregular shape and speculated margins are more frequently associated with invasive duct carcinoma than DCIS (p value < 0.001). There were no association between the ultrasound findings (shape, margin, orientation, echopattern, and posterior features) and the tumor grade (p value 1.0, 0, 0.544, 1.0, and 1.0), respectively. Irregular shape is more frequently seen in ER and PR positive breast cancers (p value = 0.036 and 0.026, respectively). Non-circumscribed margins were frequently seen in PR positive breast cancers (p value = 0.068). No statistically significant difference between US descriptors and HER-2/neu-positive cases. Conclusion Irregularly shaped tumors with speculated margins are frequently seen in invasive duct carcinoma and also more frequently seen in ER-, PR-, and Ki67-positive cases. No relation between ultrasound descriptors and the tumor grade of invasive duct carcinoma. Also, there were no relation between ultrasound descriptors and the state of HER-2/neu.

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Comparison of survival in non-metastatic inflammatory and other T4 breast cancers: a SEER population-based analysis

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-07855-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dechuang Jiao ◽

Jingyang Zhang ◽

Jiujun Zhu ◽

Xuhui Guo ◽

Yue Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cox Model ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Population Based ◽

Rank Test ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Significant Independent Predictor ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

7Th Edition

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported poor survival rates in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients than non-inflammatory local advanced breast cancer (non-IBC) patients. However, until now, the survival rate of IBC and other T4 non-IBC (T4-non-IBC) patients remains unexplored. Methods Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was searched to identify cases with confirmed non-metastatic IBC and T4-non-IBC who had received surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy between 2010 and 2015. IBC was defined as per the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition. Breast Cancer-Specific Survival (BCSS) was estimated by plotting the Kaplan-Meier curve and compared across groups by using the log-rank test. Cox model was constructed to determine the association between IBC and BCSS after adjusting for age, race, stage of disease, tumor grade and surgery type. Results Out of a total of 1986 patients, 37.1% had IBC and mean age was 56.6 ± 12.4. After a median follow-up time of 28 months, 3-year BCSS rate for IBC and T4-non-IBC patients was 81.4 and 81.9%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.398). The 3-year BCSS rate in HR−/HER2+ cohort was higher for IBC patients than T4-non-IBC patients (89.5% vs. 80.8%; log-rank p = 0.028), and in HR−/HER2- cohort it was significantly lower for IBC patients than T4-non-IBC patients (57.4% vs. 67.5%; log-rank p = 0.010). However, it was identical between IBC and T4-non-IBC patients in both HR+/HER2- (85.0% vs. 85.3%; log-rank p = 0.567) and HR+/HER2+ (93.6% vs. 91.0%, log-rank p = 0.510) cohorts. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, we observed that IBC is a significant independent predictor for survival of HR−/HER2+ cohort (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.442; 95% CI: 0.216–0.902; P = 0.025) and HR−/HER2- cohort (HR = 1.738; 95% CI: 1.192–2.534; P = 0.004). Conclusions Patients with IBC and T4-non-IBC had a similar BCSS in the era of modern systemic treatment. In IBC patients, the HR−/HER2+ subtype is associated with a better outcome, and HR−/HER2- subtype is associated with poorer outcomes as compared to the T4-non-IBC patients.

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The molecular landscape of Asian breast cancers reveals clinically relevant population-specific differences

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20173-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia-Wern Pan ◽

Muhammad Mamduh Ahmad Zabidi ◽

Pei-Sze Ng ◽

Mei-Yee Meng ◽

Siti Norhidayu Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Somatic Mutations ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Breast Tumours ◽

Different Populations ◽

Caucasian Women ◽

Molecular Landscape ◽

Immune Score

AbstractMolecular profiling of breast cancer has enabled the development of more robust molecular prognostic signatures and therapeutic options for breast cancer patients. However, non-Caucasian populations remain understudied. Here, we present the mutational, transcriptional, and copy number profiles of 560 Malaysian breast tumours and a comparative analysis of breast cancers arising in Asian and Caucasian women. Compared to breast tumours in Caucasian women, we show an increased prevalence of HER2-enriched molecular subtypes and higher prevalence of TP53 somatic mutations in ER+ Asian breast tumours. We also observe elevated immune scores in Asian breast tumours, suggesting potential clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Whilst HER2-subtype and enriched immune score are associated with improved survival, presence of TP53 somatic mutations is associated with poorer survival in ER+ tumours. Taken together, these population differences unveil opportunities to improve the understanding of this disease and lay the foundation for precision medicine in different populations.

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