Industrial Restructuring and the Reconstitution of Class Relations in Singapore

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Yun

While the role of the state has been central to the development of Singaporean capitalism, state policies have gone through different transformations as the relationship of Singapore with other states and with multi-national capital changed. Moreover, a number of problems and social divisions have emerged in the process. In contrast to theorists who have seen only state dominance, the potential that these developments have for breaking the hegemony of the state over large sections of the population, in both middle and working classes, is illustrated and analysed.

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Ryan

This paper treats the commons and commoning as transformative practices, since they involve democratic self-organisation for the collective management of resources. Commoning is also treated as an expression of social power and the paper considers the relationship of commoning to Wright's transformative logics of symbiotic and interstitial strategies. The role of the state and its capacity to support and promote commoning in interstitial and symbiotic forms is also considered.


Author(s):  
Vicki Dabrowski

Using interviews with women from diverse backgrounds, the author of this book makes an invaluable contribution to the debates around the gendered politics of austerity in the UK. Exploring the symbiotic relationship between the state's legitimization of austerity and women's everyday experiences, the book reveals how unjust policies are produced, how alternatives are silenced and highlights the different ways in which women are used or blamed. By understanding austerity as more than simply an economic project, the book fills important gaps in existing knowledge on state, gender and class relations in the context of UK austerity. Delivering a timely account of the misconceptions of policies, discourses and representations around austerity in the UK, the book illustrates the complex ways through which austerity is experienced by women in their everyday lives.


Author(s):  
Andrew S Gold

This chapter discusses how the ‘stickler-enjoining’ account of equity has important limits. While many distinctive doctrines of equity can be understood to limit stickler behaviour, equity in fact often turns a blind eye to, and sometimes even enables, stickler behaviour. One can sort cases in which equity restrains sticklers from those in which it is indifferent to stickler behaviour if one attends to the role of the state in private litigation. Sometimes the state’s responsibilities require it to protect plaintiffs against sticklers. Other times, it requires it to protect the stickler, as a means, for example, of keeping as open as possible each person’s sphere of choices. Ultimately, the self-regarding account of equity sheds light on the question of the relationship between equity and justice: from the distinct perspective of the judgment, sometimes equitable justice is better than legal justice and sometimes legal justice is better than equitable justice.


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Eismeier ◽  
Philip H. Pollock

The current American debate about the relationship between business and government represents the most significant reopening of that issue since the New Deal. The debate is in part about government's role in the economy, but the issue of business's role in politics is being joined as well, joined in fact on several fronts. There are, of course, the polemics of corporations and their critics, in which business is cast alternately as victim and villain. The issue also divides more serious students of American politics and has fostered a wealth of theorizing about the role of the state. Finally, the issue of business influence pervades discussions about campaign finance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Schenk

AbstractSince colonial times to the present day, Hong Kong's position as a global financial centre is one of the enduring economic strengths of the territory. This success is often attributed to the distinctive role of the state, coined in the 1970s by the-then financial secretary, Sir Philip Haddon-Cave, as “positive non-interventionism.” The relationship between the market and the state has also been characterized as a form of corporatism, particularly in the financial sector as bankers were able to influence policy. However, closer examination of the behind-the-scenes relations between bankers and the state reveals a much more complex relationship, with the banks seeking protection that the government was not willing to provide. Moreover, the reluctance to regulate financial markets resulted in piecemeal interventions and weak implementation that undermined the stability of this sector and of the economy as a whole. This paper demonstrates the confusion over the concept and practicalities of positive non-interventionism, even for Haddon-Cave, and how the concept evolved towards a policy of “when in doubt, do nothing” during a period of financial instability. Along the way, the paper presents new evidence about the origins of Hong Kong's current banking structure.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Kilza Fernanda Moreira de Viveiros

Artigo trata na construção de reflexões e proposições sobre a relação da educação, direitos humanos e formação de professores para atuarem na educação básica. Aborda a relação entre o poder político e a sociedade a partir da análise do Estado como instância promotora de direitos e pelos mecanismos que o mesmo se apodera para forjá-los na educação. Analisa o papel das reformas curriculares em conformidade às políticas dominantes. Discute a formação de professores e sua relação com a pobreza, com as desigualdades sociais e direitos humanos. Os fundamentos que norteiam as análises são do campo de conhecimento educacional e pedagógico. Para elucidações contextuais apropria-se de referencial sócio histórico, das políticas educacionais e políticas curriculares. Permite o diálogo com o objeto da formação e atuação de professores na área dos direitos humanos. Artigo se organiza metodologicamente em cinco tópicos a saber: Introdução, O Estado e a promoção de direitos, Currículo enquanto princípio político, Formação de professores para os direitos humanos e Considerações. Conclui ponderando a importância do papel do Estado na promoção dos direitos humanos a partir de políticas públicas comprometidas com a educação e com a formação de professores para o trabalho com os vulneráveis, as desigualdades sociais e os direitos humanos. Também chama a atenção da educação para os direitos humanos nos diferentes níveis e modalidades de ensino, expansiva à comunidade escolar.Palavras-chave: Educação. Direitos humanos. Formação de Professores. Estado. Currículo.EDUCATION, HUMAN RIGHTS AND TEACHER TRAINING: reflections and propositions.AbstractArticle deals in the construction of reflections and propositions on the relationship of education, human rights and teacher training to work in basic education. It addresses the relationship between political power and society based on the analysis of the State as a promoter of rights and the mechanisms it takes to forge them in education. It analyses the role of curricular reforms in line with dominant policies. It discusses teacher education and its relation to poverty, social inequalities and human rights. The foundations that guide the analyses are the field of educational and pedagogical knowledge. For contextual elucidations it appropriates the socio-historical reference, educational policies and curricular policies. It allows dialogue with the subject of the training and action of teachers in the area of human rights. Article is organized methodologically in five topics: Introduction, The State and the promotion of rights, Curriculum as a political principle, Training of teachers for human rights and Considerations. He concludes by considering the importance of the role of the State in the promotion of human rights from public policies committed to education and teacher training for working with the vulnerable, social inequalities and human rights. It also draws the attention of education for human rights in the different levels and modalities of education, expansive to the school community.Keywords: Education. Human rights. Teacher Training. State. Curriculum.EDUCACIÓN, DERECHOS HUMANOS Y FORMACIÓN DE PROFESSORES: reflexiones y proposicionesResumenArtículo trata en la construcción de reflexiones y proposiciones sobre la relación de la educación, derechos humanos y formación del professora do para actuar en la educación básica. Aborda la relación entre el poder político y la sociedad a partir del análisis del Estado como instancia promotora de derechos y por los mecanismos que el mismo se apodera para forjarlos en la educación. Analiza el papel de las reformas curriculares en consonancia con las políticas dominantes. Discute la formación de profesores y su relación con la pobreza, con las desigualdades sociales y derechos humanos. Los fundamentos que guían los análisis son del campo de conocimiento educativo y pedagógico. Para aclaraciones contextuales se apropia de un marco socio histórico, políticas educativas y políticas curriculares. Permite el diálogo con el objeto de formar y actuar a los docentes en el área de derechos humanos. El artículo se organiza metodológicamente en cinco temas, a saber: Introducción, El Estado y la promoción de los derechos, El currículo como principio político, La formación del profesorado en derechos humanos y Consideraciones. Se concluye considerando la importancia del papel del Estado en la promoción de los derechos humanos a partir de políticas públicas comprometidas con la educación y la formación de docentes para trabajar con las personas vulnerables, las desigualdades sociales y los derechos humanos. También llama la atención de la educación en materia de derechos humanos en los diferentes niveles y modalidades de educación, expandiéndose a la comunidad escolar.Palabras clave: Educación. Derechos humanos. Formación del profesorado. Estado. Plan de estudios.


Author(s):  
Elcivânia de Oliveira Barreto ◽  
Maria Goretti da Costa Tavares

EstEste artigo visou analisar a relação do turismo de base comunitária e o uso do território na comunidade ribeirinha de Anã no município de Santarém, estado do Pará. Sendo assim, neste artigo, trazemos uma breve análise do turismo de base comunitária desenvolvido em Anã, uma comunidade ribeirinha situada em uma unidade de conservação localizada no município de Santarém, denominada de Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns. Neste estudo, ainda levamos em consideração o papel do Estado e da ONG Projeto Saúde e Alegria na produção do espaço para o TBC. Desta forma, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre TBC, Estado e Terceiro Setor, fundamental para subsidiar a realização do trabalho de campo. Destarte, partimos da premissa que o turismo de base comunitária é uma contraponto ao turismo convencional, por assim dizer uma contra-racionalidade hegemônica. E é dentro dessa abordagem, que identificamos que o turismo de base comunitária desenvolvido em Anã, ainda não se configura como uma contra-racionalidade, uma vez que a ONG PSA atua com hegemonia frente ao turismo de base comunitária, e isso se perpetua principalmente pelas ações e inações do Estado na comunidade ribeirinha de Anã. The Tourism Community Based on a riverside community of the Amazon: The Case of Anã in Extractive Reserve Tapajos-Arapiuns, Santarém (PA, Brazil) ABSTRACT This article aimed to analyze the relationship of community-based tourism and the use of land in the riverside community of Anã in the municipality of Santarém, state of Pará (Brazil). So in this article we bring brief analysis of community-based tourism developed in Anã, a riverside community located in a protected area in the municipality of Santarém, called Extractive Reserve Tapajos-Arapiuns. This study also took into account the role of the state and the NGO Projeto Saúde e Alegria – PSA in the production of space for TBC. Thus, we conducted a literature review of TBC, State and Third Sector, critical to support the preparation of field work. Thus, we assume that the community-based tourism is a counterpoint to conventional tourism, so to speak a hegemonic counter-rationality. And it is within this approach, we identified that the community-based tourism developed in Anã, is not yet configured as a counter-rationality, since the PSA NGO operates with front hegemony to community-based tourism, and this is mainly perpetuated by actions and inactions of the State in the riverside community Anã. KEYWORDS: Community Based Tourism; Riverside Community of Anã; State; NGO Projeto Saúde e Alegria.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martins Pinto

O presente estudo analisa a relação entre educação, formação humana e Estado. O recorte histórico abrange a segunda metade do século XX até a contemporaneidade. Entendendo haver forte interligação nesta tríade e indagamo-nos sobre como tem ocorrido a referida relação. Qual o papel do Estado e da educação na formação humana? Quais ideologias têm influenciado o tipo de educação ofertada? A partir deste tema e questionamentos o artigo foi estruturado em quatro seções. Na primeira delas, discutimos sobre como as relações humanas ocorrem na sociedade atual. Após, analisamos o papel assumido pelo Estado perante a economia e as suas influências na educação, perscrutando a formação humana neste processo. Na terceira seção, abordamos o modo como a educação tem sido apropriada por grupos hegemônicos, os quais assumem as técnicas próprias do mercado e os valores da ideologia liberal para organizar a estrutura e as práticas educacionais. Na última seção, abordamos os sentidos dados pelos atores educacionais às suas práticas, dadas as influências externas ao campo educacional. Em meio a essas transformações, os referidos sentidos estão relacionados à capacidade de resposta daqueles sujeitos educacionais. A finalização aponta para o fato de que a tríade educação, Estado e formação humana tem sido ressignificada de forma cíclica, influenciando a direção para a formação humana inscrita nos processos de oferta da educação formal. No contexto complexo de influências liberais e luta pela hegemonia, os reflexos exteriores à essência dessa formação humana podem ser interpretados e adequados para que a educação não seja alterada.Palavras-chave: Formação humana. Educação. Estado. Education, human formation and state in the contemporaneity: brief reflectionsABSTRACTThe present study analyzes the relationship among education, human formation and State. The historical cut spans the second half of the 20th century until the contemporaneity. Understanding that there is a strong interconnection in this triad, we wonder how has been occurring the cited relationship. Which is the role of the State and of the education in the human formation? Which ideologies have been influencing the type of education to be offered? From this theme and questionings, the article was structured in four sections. In the first we report how the human relationships occur in today’s society; in the second, we analyze the role taken by the State in front of the economy and its influences in education, peering the human formation in this process. In the third we approach the way how the education has been appropriated by hegemonic groups, which take their own techniques of the marketing and the values of this liberal ideology to organize the structure and the educational practices. In the last and fourth section, we approach the question of the meanings given by the educational actors to their practices due to external influences and to the educational field. In the midst to these transformations the cited meanings are related to the capacity of answer of those educational subjects. The conclusion points to the fact that the triad – education, State and human formation – has been given new meaning in a cyclic way, influencing the direction to the human formation inscribed in the processes of offer of formal education. In the complex context of liberal influences and fight by hegemony, the external refl exes to the essence of this human formation can be interpreted and suitable in order that the education does not be altered.Keywords: Human formation. Education. State. Educación, formación humana y estado en la contemporaneidad: breves reflexionesRESUMENEl presente estudio analiza la relación entre educación, formación humana y Estado. El recorte histórico abarca desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la contemporaneidad. Dada la fuerte interrelación em esta tríada, nos cuestionamos sobre cómo ha ocurrido dicha relación. ¿Cuál es el papel del Estado y de la educación en la formación humana? ¿Cuáles son las ideologías que han influenciado el tipo de educación ofertada? A partir de este tema y estos cuestionamientos, el artículo fue estructurado en cuatro apartados. En el primero discutimos sobre cómo las relaciones humanas ocurren en la sociedad actual. Después, analizamos el rol desempeñado por el Estado ante la economía y sus influencias en la educación, averiguando la formación humana em este proceso. En el tercer apartado abordamos el modo en que la educación ha sido apropiada por grupos hegemónicos, los cuales asumen las técnicas propias del mercado y los valores de la ideologia liberal para organizar la estructura y las prácticas educacionales. Em el último apartado, abordamos los sentidos dados por los actores educacionales a sus prácticas considerando las influencias externas al campo educacional. En medio de estas transformaciones, los sentidos referidos están relacionados con la capacidad de respuesta de los sujetos educacionales. La conclusión apunta para el hecho de que la triada educación, Estado y formación humana ha sido resignificada de forma cíclica, influenciando la dirección para la formación humana inscrita en los procesos de oferta de la educación formal. En el complejo contexto de influencias liberales y la lucha por la hegemonía, los reflejos exteriores a la esencia de esta formación humana pueden ser interpretados y adecuados para que la educación no sea alterada.Palabras clave: Formación humana. Educación. Estado


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Pavel Ondrejek

Abstract: Positive obligations of States to protect and implement human rights are considered a part of various effects of human rights in legislations. In this article, it is argued that a crucial problem arises from the inconsistent practice of addressing violations of human rights committed by juristic persons together with a lack of underlying general theory of liability for human rights violations committed by private entities. Without a major change in the legal doctrine and case-law, we will need to remain focused on the role of the State as a guarantor of human rights, rather than on the imposition of human rights obligations on private-law entities. In this article, it is argued that the nature of the relationship between a juristic person and the State is not the only relevant aspect, as we should also examine the activity of the juristic person in question.Keywords: Positive obligations of States. Juristic persons. State-juristic person nexus. Fundamental rights. Horizontal effect.Resumo: Obrigações estatais positivas de proteger e de implementar direitos humanos são parte dos vários efeitos dos direitos humanos nas legislações nacionais. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que um problema crucial decorre da prática de abordar violações de direitos humanos cometidas por pessoas jurídicas sem uma teoria geral da responsabilidade por violações de direitos humanos cometidas por entidades privadas. Sem uma mudança importante na doutrina e na jurisprudência será preciso permanecer olhando apenas para o papel do Estado como garantidor de direitos humanos. Neste artigo argumenta-se que a natureza da relação entre uma pessoa jurídica e o Estado não é o único aspecto relevante. É preciso examinar também a atividade da pessoa jurídica em questão.Palavras-chave: Obrigações positivas dos Estados. Pessoas jurídicas.


Author(s):  
Mike McConville ◽  
Luke Marsh

This book on the criminal justice system is uniquely positioned to examine judicial claims to independence, the politics of the judiciary, the rule of law, and the role of the executive in the context of a democratic polity. The authors have mined the British government’s archival vaults to assemble records including official (previously classified) Home Office files and present a ground-breaking narrative. By tracking the relationship between senior judges and the Home Office from the end of the nineteenth century to the modern day, revelations concerning the politics of the judiciary and the separation of powers are unearthed. The book argues that the claims of the senior judiciary to be independent of the executive are invalidated by historical records and the theory and practice of the separation of powers (the ‘Westminster Model’) deeply flawed. Rather, at every material point, civil servants compromised the role of the senior judiciary’s decision-making. Moreover, with the passive endorsement of senior judges, the executive repeatedly misled Parliament as to the authorship and provenance of fundamental rules governing the relationship of the individual to the state in relation to police powers of arrest, detention, and questioning. The book also explores the past and continuing impact of all this to former colonial territories and traces the close liaison between key members of the senior judiciary and the state in reconfiguring the modern criminal process in a way which weakens defence lawyers, pressurizes defendants into pleading guilty, and undermines cardinal adversarial protections.


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