The State’s Attitude and Response to the Threat Posed by Tobacco Smuggling in Ireland 1780–1850

2021 ◽  
pp. 033248932110341
Author(s):  
Seán M. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
State Response ◽  
Prime Cost

Tobacco as one of the ‘old reliables’ has presented governments with a steady and lucrative revenue stream that continues to this day. The enormous difference between tobacco’s prime cost and that paid by the consumer is due to the imposition of government duties. This revenue was particularly threatened in the period in question by smugglers and their land-based accomplices who were attracted by the considerable profit to be made because of such a differential in price. The state response to this threat included largely ineffectual legislation and the expensive establishment of state agencies to combat this threat. This approach was maintained despite ongoing appeals from economic commentators and members of the tobacco trade for a reduction in duty which they felt would make it uneconomical for smuggling to continue.

scholarly journals Vulnerable bodies and invisible work: The Covid-19 pandemic and social reproduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 135822912110313
Author(s):  
Ellen Gordon-Bouvier
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
State Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invisible Work ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Liberal Individualism

The restrained state has always sought to devalue socially reproductive work, often consigning it to the private family unit, where it is viewed as a natural part of female relational roles. This marginalisation of social reproduction adversely affects those performing it and reduces their resilience to vulnerability. The pandemic has largely shattered the liberal illusions of autonomous personhood and state restraint. The reality of our universal embodied vulnerability has now become impossible to ignore, and society’s reliance on socially reproductive work has therefore been pushed into public view. However, the pandemic has also exacerbated harms and pressures for those performing paid and unpaid social reproduction, creating a crisis that demands an urgent state response. As it is argued in this paper, the UK response to date has been inadequate, illustrating an unwillingness to abandon familiar principles of liberal individualism. However, the pandemic has also created a climate of exceptionality, which has prompted even the most neoliberal of states to consider measures that in the past would have been dismissed. In this paper, it is imagined how the state can use this opportunity to become more responsive and improve the resilience of social reproduction workers, both inside and outside the home.

scholarly journals Steady State Response of Linear Time Invariant Systems Modeledby Multibond Graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Gilberto Gonzalez Avalos ◽  
Noe Barrera Gallegos ◽  
Gerardo Ayala-Jaimes ◽  
Aaron Padilla Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
The State ◽  
Steady State Response ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
State Response ◽  
Time Invariant

The direct determination of the steady state response for linear time invariant (LTI) systems modeled by multibond graphs is presented. Firstly, a multiport junction structure of a multibond graph in an integral causality assignment (MBGI) to get the state space of the system is introduced. By assigning a derivative causality to the multiport storage elements, the multibond graph in a derivative causality (MBGD) is proposed. Based on this MBGD, a theorem to obtain the steady state response is presented. Two case studies to get the steady state of the state variables are applied. Both cases are modeled by multibond graphs, and the symbolic determination of the steady state is obtained. The simulation results using the 20-SIM software are numerically verified.

Partnerships, Power, and Scale in Rural Governance

10.1068/c12m ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Edwards ◽  
Mark Goodwin ◽  
Simon Pemberton ◽  
Michael Woods
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Politics Of Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Rural Development Policy ◽  
The Relationship

Partnerships have become established as a significant vehicle for the implementation of rural development policy in Britain. In promoting new working relationships between different state agencies and between the public, private, and voluntary sectors, partnerships have arguably contributed to a reconfiguration of the scalar hierarchy of the state. In this paper we draw on recent debates about the ‘politics of scale’ and on empirical examples from Mid Wales and Shropshire to explore the scalar implications of partnerships. We investigate how discursive constructs of partnership are translated into practice, how official discourses are mediated by local actors, the relationship between partnerships and existing scales of governance, and the particular ‘geometry of power’ being constructed through partnerships. We argue that the existing scalar hierarchy of the state has been influential in structuring the scales and territories of partnerships, and that, despite an apparent devolution of the public face of governance, the state remains crucial in governing the process of governance through partnerships.

To Protect and Kill: US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Management of Human–Wildlife Conflict, 1996-2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

AbstractHarms against nonhuman animals have become a significant concern in different disciplines (e.g., green criminology). This paper presents a multi-disciplinary discussion of one form of animal harm—wildlife harm—created by state agencies charged with protecting animals. Specifically, this issue is examined by reviewing the complex problems faced by theUSFish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), which is charged with competing objectives: between protecting economic and public health interests, and protecting wildlife. In managing the human–wildlife conflicts brought to its attention, theUSFWSmust often make tradeoffs between protecting economic and public health interests, and protecting wildlife. As the data reviewed here indicate, this leads theUSFWSto kill a large number of animals each year to protect economic and public health interests—more than 40 million animals since 1996. The political and economic factors that influence these killings, and how the state balances conflicting interests, are also examined.

In Reply: Residency Training and Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-807
Author(s):  
HOWARD DUBOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
The Family

Dr Johnson provides interesting data indicating the need for improved training in child maltreatment for pediatric residents. I agree with most of his suggestions and would like to make several additional observations. Even when pediatricians might see themselves in a screening role, it is apparent that a report of child abuse can have far-reaching ramifications, such as removal of the child from the family. Frequently, the state agencies involved in child protection give enormous weight to the medical opinion, perhaps too much at times, and so it becomes important that the initial report be reasonably justified.

The Means and Meanings of Carceral Mobility

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-124
Author(s):  
Ethan Blue
Keyword(s):  
American West ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Pacific Railroad ◽  
National Border ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

This chapter explores how trains and steamboats—the iconic engines of mobility, freedom, and transcontinental connection—also served nativist designs as the new technology for mobile captivity and national expulsion. Situated between the intersection of settler economy and rapid industrialization, the chapter’s transnational exploration of deportation trains dissects the private–public partnership between state agencies and the Southern Pacific Railroad. This partnership first detained and deported Chinese immigrants in the American West, and from that experience a “hybrid public–private space” was created as an engine of deportability that affirmed national border control through rapid locomotion. After being detained, the state placed Chinese and Mexican noncitizens aboard train cars where moving segregation and speedy expulsion ensured locomotive border control. This chapter argues that historians must adopt a “mobility turn” that moves beyond the permanence of fixed carceral structures and institutions to adopt a more transnational view where the coerced and confined dislocation of people is bound to the blur of carceral motion.

Terrorism and the State Response

Pakistan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Azhar Hassan Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Response

The Reach of the State

Unruly People ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Mutual Advantage ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
State Agents ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

Contrary to conventional wisdom, which informs us that the reach of the state stopped at the county yamen, in chapter 4 the author argues that state agencies, particularly subcounty officials, yamen staff, and military personnel, actually penetrated deep into local society and played an indispensable role in law enforcement efforts at the grassroots level. Although there were tensions in the relationship, nonetheless it was to their mutual advantage that state agents and community leaders cooperate to rid the countryside of social disorders caused by bandits. Major conduits for this cooperation were the mutual surveillance (baojia) and local constable (dibao) systems, both of which operated in the nebulous space between state and local society. All of these efforts, I argue, had mixed results for local crime prevention.

Narcan as biomedical panic: The war on overdose and the harms of harm reduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 136248062096477
Author(s):  
Philip R Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
The State ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
State Response ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
The Us

As the opioid overdose crisis in the US persists, governments have coordinated with drug companies to propagate the overdose reversal drug naloxone (Narcan) as a ‘kinder/gentler’ state response, deriving from a supposedly progressive harm reduction ethos. Drawing on Derrida’s deconstruction of pharmakon, I show how Narcan is rendered paradoxical and terminal, diverting attention from the structural antecedents of opioid addiction and resources for drug treatment while reproducing corporeal suffering in those revived. I further highlight how Narcan is positioned in a wider array of regressive governing practices that legitimate the state’s punitive drug war and demonization of drug users. Narcan thus provides a useful opening between the state and contemporary biomedicine to theorize how harm reduction and public health unfurl in insidious and corrosive ways.

scholarly journals India’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Frontal Assault on the “Historically Dispossessed”

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Malu Mohan ◽  
Sapna Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
State Response ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Informal Labor Market

During the nationwide lockdown as part of the state response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the predicament of interstate migrant laborers in India, caught in crowded cities without means of livelihood and basic resources needed to sustain life, gained national and international attention. This article explores the context of the current migrant crisis through the historical trajectories and political roots of internal migration in India and its relationship with the urban informal labor market and the structural determinants of precarious employment. We argue that the both the response to the pandemic and the disproportionate impact on migrant laborers are reflections and consequences of an established pattern of neglect and poor accountability of the state toward the employment and living conditions of migrant workers who toil precariously in the informal labor market.

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