Headache, drugs and sleep

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 756-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D Nesbitt ◽  
Guy D Leschziner ◽  
Richard C Peatfield
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Headache Symptom ◽  
The Individual

Background Headache and sleep mechanisms share multiple levels of physiological interaction. Pharmacological treatment of headache syndromes may be associated with a broad range of sleep disturbances, either as a direct result of the pharmacology of the drug used, or by unmasking physiological alterations in sleep propensity seen as part of the headache symptom complex. Purpose This review summarises known sleep and circadian effects of various drugs commonly used in the management of headache disorders, with particular attention paid to abnormal sleep function emerging as a result of treatment. Method Literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane database using search terms and strings relating to generic drug names of commonly used compounds in the treatment of headache and their effect on sleep in humans with review of additional pre-clinical evidence where theoretically appropriate. Conclusions Medications used to treat headache disorders may have a considerable impact on sleep physiology. However, greater attention is needed to characterise the direction of the changes of these effects on sleep, particularly to avoid exacerbating detrimental sleep complaints, but also to potentially capitalise on homeostatically useful properties of sleep which may reduce the individual burden of headache disorders on patients.

scholarly journals Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Modulation of Sleep in Females Across the Adult Lifespan

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana M C Brown ◽  
Nicole J Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Pathological Aging ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Abstract Ovarian hormones, including 17β-estradiol, are implicated in numerous physiological processes, including sleep. Beginning at puberty, girls report more sleep complaints than boys, which is maintained throughout the reproductive life stage. Sleep problems are exacerbated during the menopausal transition, evidenced by greater risk for sleep disorders. There is emerging evidence that menopause-associated hormone loss contributes to this elevated risk, but age is also an important factor. The extent to which menopause-associated sleep disturbance persists into postmenopause above and beyond the effects of age remains unknown. Untreated sleep disturbances have important implications for cognitive health, as they are emerging as risk factors for dementia. Given that sleep loss impairs memory, an important knowledge gap concerns the role played by menopause-associated hormone loss in exacerbating sleep disturbance and, ultimately, cognitive function in aging women. In this review, we take a translational approach to illustrate the contribution of ovarian hormones in maintaining the sleep–wake cycle in younger and middle-aged females, with evidence implicating 17β-estradiol in supporting the memory-promoting effects of sleep. Sleep physiology is briefly reviewed before turning to behavioral and neural evidence from young females linking 17β-estradiol to sleep–wake cycle maintenance. Implications of menopause-associated 17β-estradiol loss is also reviewed before discussing how ovarian hormones may support the memory-promoting effects of sleep, and why menopause may exacerbate pathological aging via effects on sleep. While still in its infancy, this research area offers a new sex-based perspective on aging research, with a focus on a modifiable risk factor for pathological aging.

352 Feasibility of Hypnosis as Adjunctive Treatment for Subjective Sleep Disturbance: A Pilot Study and Proof of Concept

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A140-A141
Author(s):  
Emma Zhao ◽  
Afik Faerman ◽  
David Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Introduction Hypnosis-based interventions have been shown to have a positive impact on several dimensions of sleep health. However, current evidence is limited as only a paucity of studies included populations with sleep complaints. Here we present a pilot data set to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment for subjective sleep complaints. Methods Eleven adults (42% female; mean age 45±16.87 years) who sought treatment at the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center or Center for Integrative Medicine for subjective sleep complaints received hypnosis as adjunctive treatment. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the weekly frequency of subjective sleep disturbances experienced before and after treatment, as well as 5-point Likert scale ratings of perceived qualitative improvement in symptom severity and overall sleep quality. Results Five participants (45%) reported a reduction in symptom frequency and severity after hypnosis treatment. All five participants attributed at least some of the improvement to hypnosis treatment. Most participants (63%) observed post-treatment improvements in their overall sleep quality. No participants reported adverse effects of hypnosis. Conclusion Results suggest hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment may be effective for alleviating subjective sleep disturbances. The findings serve as preliminary support for further randomly controlled trials in larger samples. Support (if any):

Headache Symptom Versus Headache Disorders: Impact on COVID-19 Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Shapiro ◽  
Victor J. Gallardo ◽  
Edoardo Caronna ◽  
Patricia Pozo-Rosich
Keyword(s):  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Headache Symptom

scholarly journals Methods to Scale Down Graphene Oxide Size and Size Implication in Anti-cancer Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immacolata Tufano ◽  
Raffaele Vecchione ◽  
Paolo Antonio Netti
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nir Absorption ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
2D Nanomaterials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Synthesis ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Despite considerable progress in the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the origin and development of cancer, with improved diagnosis and treatment, this disease remains a major public health challenge with a considerable impact on the social and economic system, as well as on the individual. One way to improve effectiveness and reduce side effects is to consider responsive stimuli delivery systems that provide tailor-made release profiles with excellent spatial and temporal control. 2D nanomaterials possess special physicochemical properties (e.g., light, ultrasonic and magnetic responses) and biological behaviors such as endocytosis, biodistribution, biodegradation, and excretory pathways, which lead to their use in various biomedical applications. In particular, among 2D nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives, namely graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials, have attracted enormous attention in cancer diagnosis and therapy because they combine, in a unique material, extremely small size, NIR absorption, delocalized electrons, extremely high surface area, and versatile surface functionality. Taking into account the fundamental role played by GO size, in this review, we summarize the main methods employed to reduce and homogenize in nanometric scale the lateral dimensions of graphene oxide produced by chemical exfoliation of graphite, as well as post-synthesis separation techniques to uniform the size. We also discuss the implication of the small size in cancer treatment by exploiting GO nanocarriers as an effective theranostic tool.

The Aristotelian mode of thought underlying research and theorizing in the field of stuttering

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Goodgoll
Keyword(s):  
Individual Case ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
The Individual

As a direct result of the prevalence of Aristotelian thinking in the field of speech pathology, research and theorizing has tended to ignore the individual, his unique characteristics and differences, and to concentrate on what is common between individuals. The therapist is therefore faced with being unable to utilize effectively any particular theory, since none of them explains the unique attributes of the individual case with which he has to deal. A non-Aristotelian approach to research on stuttering seems to hold more promise of attaining an eventual understanding of the individual stutterer.

scholarly journals The individual and societal effects of non-psychotic serious mental disorders on earnings in Belgium

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Annual Earnings

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between non-psychotic serious mental disorders and earnings in the general population of Belgium on both the individual- and society-level.Subjects and methodsData stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institutionalized adult (between 18 and 64) population from Belgium (N = 863). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was administered to assess 12-month non-psychotic serious mental disorders and annual earnings. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate the observed and estimated annual earnings for persons with serious mental disorders, controlling for sociodemographic variables and alcohol disorders.ResultsOn the individual-level, 12-month serious mental disorders significantly predicted the probability of having any earnings (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.14–0.74). Respondents with serious mental disorders had 12-month earnings of 5969€ less than expected in the absence of serious mental disorders. Taking into account the prevalence of serious mental disorders (i.e. 4.9%), the society-level effects of serious mental disorders in 2002 can be estimated at about 1797 million € per year for the Belgian general population.DiscussionNon-psychotic serious mental disorders had considerable impact on annual earnings.ConclusionThis is the first study in Belgium that addresses the association between mental illness and earnings. Serious mental disorders are associated with individual- and societal-level impairments and loss of human capital.

Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disturbances

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton V. Reifler
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Considerable Impact

Of the numerous behavioral disturbances identified in patients with dementia, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances can have a considerable impact on the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver, particularly if the caregiver is a family member. Our task as clinicians is to identify the most appropriate treatment based on current knowledge of these behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Perivascular neurotransmitters: Regulation of cerebral blood flow and role in primary headaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona D Frederiksen ◽  
Kristian A Haanes ◽  
Karin Warfvinge ◽  
Lars Edvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
The Individual

In order to understand the nature of the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and primary headaches, we have conducted a literature review with particular emphasis on the role of perivascular neurotransmitters. Primary headaches are in general considered complex polygenic disorders (genetic and environmental influence) with pathophysiological neurovascular alterations. Identified candidate headache genes are associated with neuro- and gliogenesis, vascular development and diseases, and regulation of vascular tone. These findings support a role for the vasculature in primary headache disorders. Moreover, neuronal hyperexcitability and other abnormalities have been observed in primary headaches and related to changes in hemodynamic factors. In particular, this relates to migraine aura and spreading depression. During headache attacks, ganglia such as trigeminal and sphenopalatine (located outside the blood-brain barrier) are variably activated and sensitized which gives rise to vasoactive neurotransmitter release. Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerves to the cerebral vasculature are activated. During migraine attacks, altered CBF has been observed in brain regions such as the somatosensory cortex, brainstem and thalamus. In regulation of CBF, the individual roles of neurotransmitters are partly known, but much needs to be unraveled with respect to headache disorders.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND SYMBOLIZATION IN ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION TODAY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Leão de Castro ◽  
◽  
Terezinha de Camargo Viana
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Qualitative Character ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Culture Of Consumption ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

"This theoretical study, of a qualitative character, proposes to investigate what the relationship between identification and symbolization is in adolescent depression today. The importance of discussing the theme is as a direct result of the alarming observation that, as an illness of epidemic proportions, it does not refer to a natural illness, whose origin is restricted to the individual level, but mainly refers to structural determinations present in society. In this sense, this work addresses the problem of understanding which identification and symbolization processes are present in a culture that has transformed depression among adolescents into a social symptom. In order to develop this, it expresses the main determinations that are present at puberty, discussing the processes of primary and secondary narcissism, the nature of identifications, mechanisms of the capitalist culture of consumption and its relationship with the processes of subjectivation, reflecting on the possibilities and obstacles of the social bond to offer and / or allow symbolization of anxieties and humanizing psychical work."

scholarly journals Personification of genius loci – innovations on the base of geographical identity

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Konstantin L. Lidin
Keyword(s):  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Place Image ◽  
Characteristic Image ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Individual

Innovative development of a place is necessary associated with the individual positioning of the place. Europe consists of more than 100 thousand competing territorial units, which need to attract the potential consumers by means of creating a bright and actual image. Without having the unique, characteristic image, a potentially attractive place can remain unnoticed on the enormous European location market.The objective of this research is improving our understanding of a place image and its influence on competitiveness of the location. Over the last decades, the emotional essence of place image has made considerable impact on economic and demographic development of places. This project will allow us to study quantitatively the increasing value of a place image as determinative of its appeal. Our project, thus, aspires to improve measurements of features of a place image for the purpose of management on the level of location attractiveness.The research into and expression of geographical identity of a place is convenient to carry out, using the image of a Dragon as the personification of «genius loci». The methodology is confirmed on the example of a number of cities in the southeast area of Bulgaria.

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