Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers

The use of a safety belt is universally recognized as a primary means of reducing injuries and fatalities for motor vehicle occupants. There are several factors that contribute to safety belt utilization, including traffic enforcement, demographics, vehicle type, day of the week, and geographical location. These factors have been explored and found significant in relation to safety belt usage. Apart from these factors, the presence of additional traffic enforcement is generally believed to produce higher rates of safety belt use. However, the impacts provided by the presence/no-presence of additional traffic enforcement have been merely quantified on a disaggregated scale, broadly across an entire state while controlling for other influential factors. Thus, this paper presents an analysis that quantifies the impacts provided by the presence of additional safety belt enforcement on driver safety belt usage. Direct safety belt use observational surveys and traffic enforcement data were used for the analysis. Owing to the nature of the data, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the dataset from the state of Michigan. The results showed that for every location where additional traffic enforcement was present, safety belt usage increased by 6.4% per county compared with areas where no additional traffic enforcement was present. Finally, the results not only quantified the impact of traffic enforcement on safety belt use, but could help transportation safety agencies make more informed decisions about where additional safety belt enforcement may be needed to improve rates of safety belt use.

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Analisis Dampak Tax Morale Terhadap Kepatuhan Pajak UMKM: Studi Kasus Kota Semarang

JURNAL DINAMIKA EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN ◽

10.14710/jdep.1.1.14-32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Muslimah Mahmudah ◽

Deden Dinar Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Primary Data ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Ethical Business ◽

Tax Morale ◽

Business Size ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of tax morale on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) tax complianceSemarang City as the case study. This study uses primary data generated from 117 samples of MSMEs in Semarang. Data analysis is performed using binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that environmental, institutional, ethical, business, and business size variables significantly influence MSMEs tax compliance. On the other hand, variables whose effect on tax compliance is not statistically significant include happiness, religiosity, gender, age, education, and marital status.

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COVID-19-Induced Redundancy and Socio-Psychological Well-Being of Tourism Employees: Implications for Organizational Recovery in a Resource-Scarce Context

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/00472875211054571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004728752110545

Author(s):

Albert N. Kimbu ◽

Issahaku Adam ◽

Frederick Dayour ◽

Anna de Jong

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Education Status ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

Drawing on social and psychological well-being literature underpinned by the concept of resilience, this study examines the impact of COVID-19 induced redundancy on the socio-psychological well-being of redundant employees (laid-off or working reduced hours), and its effect on their commitment to work and support recovery in the tourism industry. Utilizing a quantitative-dominant mixed methods design, 457 questionnaires were administered, and 15 interviews conducted with redundant employees in Ghana between May and August 2020. Results from a binary logistic regression analysis of the survey data supported by qualitative interview analysis indicate that marital status, education, status of dependents, and the types of tourism businesses employed in, significantly influenced psychological well-being while marital status, age, education, and rank in the organization influenced the social well-being of respondents. Meanwhile, psychological well-being significantly influenced future work commitment in the industry. Managerial implications for supporting employee resilience, well-being, and future recovery strategies are critically examined.

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Aortic Arch Calcification as a Predictor of Repeated Arteriovenous Fistula Failure within 1-Year in Hemodialysis Patients

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/6728437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yit-Sheung Yap ◽

Kai-Ting Ting ◽

Wen-Che Chi ◽

Cheng-Hao Lin ◽

Yi-Chun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Aortic Arch ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Aortic Arch Calcification

Objectives. The aim of the study was to identify the factors associated with repeated arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure within 1-year, especially the impact of aortic arch calcification (AAC) on patency of AVF.Materials and Methods. We retrospectively assessed chest radiography in hemodialysis patients who had undergone initial AVF. The extent of AAC was categorized into four grades (0–3). The association between AAC grade, other clinical variables, and repeated failure of AVF was then analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis.Results. This study included 284 patients (158 males, mean age61.7±13.1years). Patients with higher AAC grade were older, had more frequently diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, had lower diastolic blood pressure, and had higher corrected calcium and lower intact parathyroid hormone levels. In multivariate analysis, the presence of higher AAC grade (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.98 (1.43–6.23);p=0.004), lower mean corrected calcium (p=0.017), and mean serum albumin level (p=0.008) were associated with repeated failure of AVF.Conclusions. The presence of higher AAC grade, lower mean corrected calcium and mean serum albumin level were independently associated with repeated AVF failure within 1 year in hemodialysis patients.

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Correlation of Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.5812/jkums.118040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Payam Sariaslani ◽

Parvin Ghanbari ◽

Saeid Komasi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Young Patients ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlated Factors

Background: The chronicity of multiple sclerosis (MS) plays a key role in 25% of suicides. Therefore, it is essential to assess the other influential factors in this regard. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in patients with MS and the correlated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 MS patients referred to the MS Society of Kermanshah, Iran during August-October 2015. Data were collected using a checklist of demographics and patient records, Ifudu comorbidity index, 100-meter walk test, and Beck’s depression and suicidal thoughts scales. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: In total, 30% of the patients had suicidal thoughts, and 8.4% had suicide attempts. After adjustment for demographics, the obtained results indicated that illiterate patients (P < 0.05) and those with a higher depression grade (P < 0.001) were at a higher risk of suicidal thoughts. Illiteracy, older age at the first diagnosis, and being a housewife or unemployed (P < 0.05) significantly decreased the likelihood of suicide attempts, while comorbidities, suicidal thoughts, and depression (P < 0.05) significantly increased the likelihood of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Since MS patients are highly prone to suicidal thoughts and even suicide attempts, providing training and preventive psychological interventions are recommended for high-risk cases, such as illiterate patients with challenging jobs, young patients, and patients with comorbidities and depression.

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The Impact of Safety Belt Use on Liver Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes: The Importance of Motor Vehicle Safety Systems

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery ◽

10.1097/ta.0b013e318074de05 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 300-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Troy Lisa Holbrook ◽

David B. Hoyt ◽

A Brent Eastman ◽

Michael J. Sise ◽

Frank Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

Safety Belt ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Motor Vehicle Safety ◽

Safety Systems ◽

The Impact

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Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268815000175 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (14) ◽

pp. 2923-2938

Author(s):

M. R. SMALLMAN-RAYNOR ◽

A. D. CLIFF

Keyword(s):

Scarlet Fever ◽

Population Change ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Early Years ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Childhood Diseases ◽

England And Wales ◽

Regional Effects ◽

Disease Rates ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYThis paper examines the geographical impact of the British Government's wartime evacuation scheme on notified rates of two common acute childhood diseases (scarlet fever and diphtheria) in the 1470 local government districts of England and Wales, 1939–1945. Drawing on the notifications of communicable diseases collated by the General Register Office (GRO), we establish pre-war (baseline) disease rates for the 1470 districts. For the war years, techniques of binary logistic regression analysis are used to assess the associations between (a) above-baseline (‘raised’) disease rates in evacuation, neutral and reception districts and (b) the major phases of the evacuation scheme. The analysis demonstrates that the evacuation was temporally associated with distinct national and regional effects on notified levels of disease activity. These effects were most pronounced in the early years of the dispersal (1939–1941) and corresponded with initial levels of evacuation-related population change at the regional and district scales.

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Support, needs and expectations of family caregivers regarding general practitioners – results from an online survey

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-021-01381-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julian Wangler ◽

Michael Jansky

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Online Survey ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Vital Role ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Care Recipient ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Family caregivers are often the first line of support for people requiring care; although they may personally stand to benefit, these activities substantially increase the risk of physical and emotional stress. General practitioners (GPs) may provide important support and stabilisation, but need to adjust to the needs and expectations of this group in order to do so. The aim of the study was to compare the needs of family caregivers from GPs to the support they actually experience. Additional aims included determining the main factors affecting satisfaction amongst family caregivers with support from GPs. The results were used to develop possible approaches towards optimisation within the purview of general medical practice. Methods Between January and July 2020, 612 people supporting or caring for a family member responded to an online survey posted in seventeen internet forums focused on family caregivers. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a t-test with independent samples was used to identify significant differences between two groups. We also used binary logistic regression analysis to identify indications of potentially influential factors regarding the experienced support from GPs. Results Around three out of every four respondents (72%) consulted GPs in care matters. The respondents gave positive responses on their GP’s knowledge of the care situation (71%), approachability in various issues connecting with care and service towards the caregiver (82%). GPs’ efforts in meeting the needs and requirements of the care recipient were also rated positively (82%). Weaknesses in support from GPs mainly involved the lack of information on advice and assistance services (55%) as well as frequently not identifying or involving caregivers as such soon enough (42%). Results from regression analysis show that the last two aspects play a major role in subjective satisfaction amongst family caregivers with support from GPs. Conclusions We recommend that GPs undergo further training to reinforce awareness that the care triad of needs, requirements and stresses amongst family caregivers also plays a vital role in care outcomes. With this in mind, general practice staff should adopt a pre-emptive strategy towards approaching family members about potential issues and informing them about existing assistance and support services.

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Prevalence of undernutrition and potential risk factors among children below five years of age in Somali region, Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00460-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Damitie Kebede ◽

Alebel Aynalem

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Somali Region ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood under-nutrition is far-reaching in low and middle-income nations. Undernutrition is one of the major open wellbeing concerns among newborn children and youthful children in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to explore the potential risk factors of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in Somali Region, Ethiopia. Methods The data for this study was extricated from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. The data collected from 1339 children born 5 years before was considered within the analysis. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was utilized at a 5% level of significance to decide the individual and community-level variables related to childhood malnutrition. Results The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were 27.4, 28.7 and 22.7%, respectively. About 16.1% of children were both stunted and underweight; the extent of both being underweight and wasted was 11.7%, the prevalence of both stunted and wasted children was 5.5%, and all three malnutrition conditions were 4.7% children. Among the variables considered in this study, age of the child in months, type of birth, anemia level, size of child at birth, sex of the child, mothers’ BMI and sources of drinking water were significantly related to stunting, underweight and wasting in Somali Region. Conclusions The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was relatively high. Undernutrition is one of the major open wellbeing concerns among children in Somali region. The impact of these variables ought to be considered to develop strategies for decreasing the lack of healthy sustenance due to undernutrition in the study areas. Hence, intercession should be centered on making strides for the under-nutrition determinant variables of the children to be solid, to improve the child’s wholesome status, and decrease child mortality quickly.

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Vaccination against COVID-19: Factors That Influence Vaccine Hesitancy among an Ethnically Diverse Community in the UK

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010106 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Erica Jane Cook ◽

Elizabeth Elliott ◽

Alfredo Gaitan ◽

Ifunanya Nduka ◽

Sally Cartwright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Diverse Community

The UK’s minority ethnic population, despite being at higher risk of COVID-19 and experiencing poorer health outcomes, continue to have lower uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine compared with their white British counterparts. Given the importance of the vaccination programme in improving health outcomes, this research sought to examine the influential factors that impact the decision to accept the COVID-19 vaccination among an ethnically diverse community. A total of 1058 residents from Luton, UK, a large town with an ethnically diverse population, completed a community survey. Questions centred around uptake or individuals’ intentions to accept the offer of COVID-19 vaccination alongside demographics, knowledge, and views on the vaccine. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the most significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy, while respondents’ reasons for not getting vaccinated were identified using qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that age and ethnicity were the only sociodemographic factors to predict vaccine hesitancy. Knowledge of symptoms and transmission routes, alongside ensuring information about COVID-19 was objectively sourced, were all identified as protective factors against vaccine hesitancy. Qualitative analysis revealed that ‘lack of trust in government/authorities’ and ‘concern of the speed of vaccine development’ were the most common reasons for non-uptake. This research reinforces the importance of age, ethnicity, and knowledge as influential factors in predicting vaccine hesitancy. Further, this study uncovers some of the barriers of uptake that can be utilised in developing promotional campaigns to reduce vaccine hesitancy in certain sections of the diverse UK population.

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Early Enteral Feeding Improves Tolerance of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Newborns

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3886

Author(s):

Giovanni Boscarino ◽

Maria Giulia Conti ◽

Maria Di Chiara ◽

Marco Bianchi ◽

Elisa Onestà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Enteral Feeding ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Early Feeding ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Metabolic Complication ◽

Postmenstrual Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Preterm Newborns

(1) Background: The tolerance of preterm newborns for the high nutritional intakes given by parenteral nutrition (PN) is still debated because of the risk of metabolic complications. Despite enteral nutrition (EN) being the preferred route of nutrition, an exclusive enteral feeding is not always possible, as in preterm newborns, the gut is immature and less tolerant of EN. We aimed to study the impact of a minimal enteral feeding (MEF) on the possible early metabolic complications of PN in a cohort of preterms with gestational age at birth GA ≤ 29 + 6/7 weeks of postmenstrual age. (2) Methods: We divided the study sample in two cohorts: 1) Late-Feeding (cohort 1), newborns who received MEF starting from the 8th day of age, and (2) Early-Feeding (cohort 2), newborns who received MEF, consisting of the administration of at least 4–5 mL/kg/day by the enteral route, in the first 7 days of age. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of at least one metabolic complication, including hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or metabolic acidosis. (3) Results: We enrolled 80 newborns (Late-Feeding cohort 51 vs. Early-Feeding cohort 29). The rate of all metabolic complications was statistically higher in the Late-Feeding cohort compared to the Early-Feeding cohort. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that late administration of MEF negatively influenced the rate of all metabolic complications. (4) Conclusions: Early minimal administration of EN is associated with less frequent PN-related metabolic side effects and a higher rate of survival in critically ill newborns.

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