Pausing the Pandemic: Understanding and Managing Traveler and Community Spread of COVID-19 in Hawaii

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110584
Author(s):  
Karl Kim ◽  
Eric Yamashita ◽  
Jiwnath Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Returning Students ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

In the absence of a vaccine, nonpharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing and travel reductions were the only strategies for slowing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using survey data from Hawaii ( n = 22,200) collected in March through May of 2020 at the onset of the pandemic, the differences between traveler spreaders who brought the disease into the state and community spreaders were investigated. In addition to describing the demographic attributes and comparing them with attributes of those who were vulnerable to COVID-19, logit models explaining travel behaviors were developed and tested. Traveler spreaders were likely to be male, younger, and returning students. Community spreaders were more likely to be male, essential workers, first responders, and medical personnel at the highest risk of exposure. Using spatial statistics, clusters and hotspot locations of high-risk individuals were mapped. As transportation researchers are in a position to combine their critical analytical capabilities and experience with relevant databases on mobility and the spread of infectious diseases, this analysis could support efforts to respond to and slow the spread of the pandemic.

Differentiation of endemic areas by incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases as the basis for choosing prevention strategy and tactics

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
N.V. Rudakov ◽  
N.A. Penyevskaya ◽  
D.A. Saveliev ◽  
S.A. Rudakova ◽  
C.V. Shtrek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Very High

Research objective. Differentiation of natural focal areas of Western Siberia by integral incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases for determination of the strategy and tactics of their comprehensive prevention. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of official statistics for the period 2002-2018 for eight sub-federal units in the context of administrative territories was carried out. The criteria of differentiation were determined by means of three evaluation scales, including long-term mean rates of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis, and Siberian tick-borne typhus. As a scale gradation tool, we used the number of sample elements between the confidence boundaries of the median. The integral assessment was carried out by the sum of points corresponding to the incidence rates for each of the analyzed infections. Results. The areas of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of tick-borne infectious diseases were determined. Recommendations on the choice of prevention strategy and tactics were given. In areas of very high and high incidence rates, a combination of population-based and individual prevention strategies is preferable while in other areas a combination of high-risk and individual strategies is recommended. Discussion. Epidemiologic zoning should be the basis of a risk-based approach to determining optimal volumes and directions of preventive measures against natural focal infections. It is necessary to improve the means and methods of determining the individual risk of getting infected and developing tick-borne infectious diseases in case of bites, in view of mixed infection of vectors, as well as methods of post-exposure disease prevention (preventive therapy).

A review study of nasal endoscopy protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (CSI) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Rafid Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Nasal Endoscopy ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Procedure ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Review Study

During ENT practice, we have to examine the nose and perform several nasal procedures in our clinics. Otolaryngologists are at a high risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Nasal endoscopy is a major procedure for the diagnosis of the nasal and paranasal sinus diseases and introducing proper health services for our patients. In addition, the world is living the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, for which we have to protect ourselves, educate our medical staff, and work together against the spread of this severely contagious disease within our communities. The main purpose of this study is to review the protocol of nasal endoscopy in the ENT clinic and enhance the safest way to deal with patients during this pandemic.(1)

Organizations' Relative Degree of Exposure to Selection Discrimination Litigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Terpstra ◽  
R. Bryan Kethley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Industry Sectors

This study examined nearly 400 federal court cases in which substantive, or primary, selection devices were legally challenged as being discriminatory. The findings indicated that the relative frequency of occurrence of discrimination charges varied for different types of organizations. Some industry sectors and some job types were associated with a much greater risk of exposure to litigation than others. For example, the government sector appeared to have a relatively high degree of exposure to selection discrimination litigation. The findings also indicated that the outcomes of the federal court cases (whether the ruling was for the defendant/employer or for the plaintiff) varied by industry type, job type, and type of discrimination charge. Specific recommendations are offered to organizations that operate in high risk industry sectors, and that have high risk job types, with an eye toward reducing the possibility of litigation.

scholarly journals Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adversities later in life. Survey data from a high-risk Norwegian sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 104234
Author(s):  
Anders Dovran ◽  
Dagfinn Winje ◽  
Kjersti Arefjord ◽  
Stian Tobiassen ◽  
Kristin Stokke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Nutritional and Functional Properties of Colostrum in Puppies and Kittens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3260
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Ana Elena Valdez Lumbreras ◽  
Simona Vagni ◽  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Valentino Bontempo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

The present review aims toward a better understanding of the nutrition of newborn puppies and kittens. The post-natal period is very sensitive in dogs and cats, as in other animal species. During the first two weeks of life, puppies and kittens are at high risk of dehydration, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia, as well as infectious diseases as they start to acquire the physiological functions of the adult. Neonatal hepatic glycogen storage is low, and newborns depend on colostrum intake to survive. Colostrum provides immunoglobulins and other important substances such as lipids and carbohydrates. Immunoglobulins are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species, but in this review, we focused our attention on dogs and cats. Furthermore, there are components of colostrum which, although their presence is not absolutely necessary, play an important role in nutrition. These components have received considerable interest because of their presumed safety and potential nutritional and therapeutic effects both in humans and animals; however, unfortunately, there are few recent studies in companion animals. Here, we have gathered the published articles that describe studies involving different species of animals, emphasizing companion animals. In particular, the purpose of this narrative of the nutritional and functional proprieties of queens’ and bitches’ colostrum.

scholarly journals Healthcare worker’s emotions, perceived stressors and coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254252
Author(s):  
Suzanne Rose ◽  
Josette Hartnett ◽  
Seema Pillai
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
And Coping

Increasing cases, insufficient amount of personal protection equipment, extremely demanding workloads, and lack of adequate therapies to save lives can contribute to a psychological burden directly related to working during disease outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of contracting COVID-19 due to its ability to spread efficiently through asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. There are limited studies assessing the pandemic’s psychological impact on HCWs, specifically those in close proximity to hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our study explored the emotions, perceived stressors, and coping strategies of front-line HCWs at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 during the first surge at our community-based teaching hospital, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Connecticut. A validated comprehensive questionnaire derived and modified from previous epidemics was used to inquire about staff feelings, factors that caused stress and factors that mitigated stress. Personal coping strategies and factors that can increase staff’s motivation to work during future events of similar nature were also asked. Emotional reactions, coping mechanisms, and stressors varied by healthcare role, while some experiences and reactions were similar among groups. Willingness to participate in a second wave of the pandemic or future outbreaks is strongly driven by adequate personal protective equipment, financial recognition, and recognition from management, similarly reported in previous disease outbreaks. All groups felt a reduction in stress due to a sense of camaraderie and teamwork, as well as when sharing jokes or humor with colleagues. Our HCWs at high risk of exposure experienced significant emotional distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. By understanding the needs and experiences of our HCWs at highest risk, we can improve our psychological support using targeted interventions during future waves of this pandemic or similar devastating events.

scholarly journals Limited Knowledge and Unsafe Practices in Usage of Pesticides and The Associated Toxicity Symptoms among Farmers in Tullo and Finchawa Rural Kebeles, Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana MHD Jamal Alshalati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The insufficient knowledge regarding safe and proper pesticide handling by farmers in developing countries has led to extensive agricultural expansions at the expense of the health of farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and field practices of farmers regarding pesticide handling, and to determine the prevalence of acute and chronic health-related problems in Finchawa and Tullo rural Kebeles of Hawassa City Administration. A cross-sectional mixed methods research design was employed to capture the fuller image of the issue. Farmers’ knowledge regarding pesticide handling and toxicity found to be on average. The odds of the knowledge concerning proper pesticide handling was positively influenced by the factor of age, access to training; and years of experience; Field practices adopted by farmers were disappointing and intentional suicide incidents among teenagers were the result of farmers’ unsafe storage. Nearly all the farmers did not use any means of PPE, and the lack of awareness about the dermal route presented a high risk of exposure. The common self-reported toxicity symptoms experienced by the participants included a headache (84.93%) and slow heartbeats (72.60%). The odds of prevalence of long-term toxicity symptoms found to be negatively correlated with the training factor while the same was positively influenced by the working hours in the farm. The study revealed that there is a high risk of exposure among farmers and their families in the study area.

scholarly journals Vaccination of cattle in the system of antiepizootic measures in Buryatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Republic

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, six nosological forms of infectious diseases have epizootic significance among cattle. The most widespread are leptospirosis, rabies, and isolated cases of pasteurellosis. Natural foci of rabies were formed, confined to the environmental conditions of the neighboring territories of Mongolia and the TRANS-Baikal territory. Epizootic process tends to polyhostal manifestation with the threat of expanding the focus and complicating the epidemic situation in the entire region of Siberia and the Far East. In 2018 169 heads of cattle were identified with a positive reaction to leptospirosis in 13 administrative districts. Preventive immunization of animals with the control of immunity tension in areas with a high risk of introduction of infectious diseases is the basis for maintaining epizootic well-being throughout the region.

Assessment of occupational exposure to leptospirosis in a sheep-only abattoir

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DORJEE ◽  
C. HEUER ◽  
R. JACKSON ◽  
D. M. WEST ◽  
J. M. COLLINS-EMERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Modelling ◽  
Spreadsheet Model ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Daily Risk ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Stochastic Risk

SUMMARYThis study estimated the frequency of exposure of meat workers to carcasses infected with Leptospira serovars Hardjobovis or Pomona in a sheep-only abattoir in New Zealand. A stochastic spreadsheet model was developed to assess the daily risk of exposure of eviscerators, meat inspectors and offal handlers to live leptospires in sheep carcasses from May to November 2004 (high-risk period), and from December 2004 to June 2005 (low-risk period). The average sheep processed per day were 225 for an eviscerator, 374 for a meat inspector, and 1123 for an offal handler. The median daily exposures during high- and low-risk periods were 11 [95% distribution interval (DI) 5–19] and three (95% DI 1–8) infected carcasses/day for eviscerators, 18 (95% DI 9–29) and six (95% DI 2–12) for meat inspectors, and 54 (95% DI 32–83) and 18 (95% DI 8–31) for offal handlers, respectively. Stochastic risk modelling provided evidence that processing of sheep carcasses exposed meat workers regularly to live leptospires with substantial seasonal variation.

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