Simplified Generalized California Bearing Ratio Pavement Design Equation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1539 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Divinsky ◽  
Ilan Ishai ◽  
Moshe Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Wheel Load

The probabilistic approach to pavement design and evaluation requires estimation of the diversity associated with each design parameter. Results and conclusions should be based on statistical analysis with wide application of mathematical statistics and theory of reliability methods. Consequently, statistical analysis of the California bearing ratio design equation was performed, and a new generalized design equation suggested. This equation provides a simplified and rapid pavement design prediction using the common basic design parameters. The suggested model and equation provide at least the same and, possibly, greater accuracy than the current deterministic pavement design method provides. At the same time, they eliminate the need to determine the equivalent single-wheel load curve for each loading and wheel configuration, depending instead on the number of wheels in the assembly only. It is believed that the suggested model and equation also provide an appropriate step toward the application of stochastic pavement design methods.

scholarly journals A modular design method based on TRIZ and AD and its application to cutter changing robot

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402110343
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yimin Xia ◽  
Lianhui Jia ◽  
Dujuan Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
And Performance

Modular design, Axiomatic design (AD) and Theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) have been increasingly popularized in concept design of modern mechanical product. Each method has their own advantages and drawbacks. The benefit of modular design is reducing the product design period, and AD has the capability of problem analysis, while TRIZ’s expertise is innovative idea generation. According to the complementarity of these three approaches, an innovative and systematic methodology is proposed to design big complex mechanical system. Firstly, the module partition is executed based on scenario decomposition. Then, the behavior attributes of modules are listed to find the design contradiction, including motion form, spatial constraints, and performance requirements. TRIZ tools are employed to deal with the contradictions between behavior attributes. The decomposition and mapping of functional requirements and design parameters are carried out to construct the structural hierarchy of each module. Then, modules are integrated considering the connections between each other. Finally, the operation steps in application scenario are designed in temporal and spatial dimensions. Design of cutter changing robot for shield tunneling machine is taken as an example to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals A Two-Round Optimization Design Method for Aerostatic Spindles Considering the Fluid–Structure Interaction Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Siyu Gao ◽  
Lihua Lu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Feihu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Aerostatic Spindle

The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect has a significant impact on the static and dynamic performance of aerostatic spindles, which should be fully considered when developing a new product. To enhance the overall performance of aerostatic spindles, a two-round optimization design method for aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect is proposed in this article. An aerostatic spindle is optimized to elaborate the design procedure of the proposed method. In the first-round design, the geometrical parameters of the aerostatic bearing were optimized to improve its stiffness. Then, the key structural dimension of the aerostatic spindle is optimized in the second-round design to improve the natural frequency of the spindle. Finally, optimal design parameters are acquired and experimentally verified. This research guides the optimal design of aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect.

Research on the Optimal Design Method of the Main Components for the Wheelchair Pickup

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 799-802
Author(s):  
Ya Ping Wang ◽  
H.R. Shi ◽  
L. Gao ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Optimal Design Method ◽  
Main Components

With the increasing of the aging of population all over the world, and With the inconvenience coming from diseases and damage, there will be more and more people using the wheelchair as a tool for transport. When it cant be short of the wheelchair in the daily life, the addition of the function will bring the elevation of the quality of life for the unfortunate. Staring with this purpose, the research designs a pickup with planetary bevel gear for the wheelchair. After determining the basic function of the wheelchair aids, the study determines the design parameters by using the knowledge of parametric design and completes the model for the system with Pro/E, on the other hand, it completes key components optimization analysis which is based on genetic algorithm optimization.

Development of High-Speed Response Electromagnetic Linear Actuator Using for Pneumatic Control Valve

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Jin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Linear Actuator ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Linear Actuator ◽  
Quadratic Programming Method

Analytic model of electromagnetic linear actuator in the function of electric and geometric parameters is proposed and the effects of the design parameters on the dynamic characteristics are analyzed. To improve the dynamic characteristics, optimal design is conducted by applying sequential quadratic programming method to the analytic model. This optimal design method aims to minimize the response time and maximize force efficiency. By this procedure, electromagnetic linear actuator having high-speed characteristics is developed.

The Biomimetic Shark Skin Optimization Design Method for Improving Lubrication Effect of Engineering Surface

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lu ◽  
Meng Hua ◽  
Zuomin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Shark Skin ◽  
Biomimetic Surface

Nature has long been an important source of inspiration for mankind to develop artificial ways to mimic the remarkable properties of biological systems. In this work, a new method was explored to fabricate a biomimetic engineering surface comprising both the shark-skin, the shark body denticle, and rib morphology. It can help reduce water resistance and the friction contact area as well as accommodate lubricant. The lubrication theory model was established to predict the effect of geometric parameters of a biomimetic surface on tribological performance. The model has been proved to be feasible to predict tribological performance by the experimental results. The model was then used to investigate the effect of the grid textured surface on frictional performance of different geometries. The investigation was aimed at providing a rule for deriving the design parameters of a biomimetic surface with good lubrication characteristics. Results suggest that: (i) the increase in depression width ratio Λ decreases its corresponding coefficient of friction, and (ii) the small coefficient of friction is achievable when Λ is beyond 0.45. Superposition of depth ratio Γ and angle's couple under the condition of Λ < 0.45 affects the value of friction coefficient. It shows the decrease in angle decreases with the increase in dimension depth Γ.

scholarly journals The Influence of Design Parameters on Straight Bevel Gear Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Chiu-Fan Hsieh ◽  
You-Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Straight Bevel Gear ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Stress Fluctuation ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Component Force

<p class="1Body">This study analyzes the influence of design parameters on the dynamics of straight bevel gears by constructing a model that allows variation in the shaft angle, pressure angle, and backlash. According to the statistical analysis, the order of influence of these parameters on weight is shaft angle &gt; pressure angle &gt; backlash. When the shaft angle is 90°, the statistical results show the drive is stable and the stress fluctuation level is low. The pressure angle, on the other hand, can affect the gear’s dynamic property by influencing the driving component force on the gear and the component force on the shaft. The results for the shaft and pressure angles are used to determine the appropriate backlash. Overall, the analysis not only provides designers with an important reference but explains the dominance in the market of gear designs with a 90° shaft angle and a 20° pressure angle.</p>

Nonrelative sliding of spiral bevel gear mechanism based on active design of meshing line

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Ming Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gear ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Gear Mechanism ◽  
Active Design ◽  
Spiral Bevel

In this paper, an active design method of meshing line for a spiral bevel gear mechanism with nonrelative sliding is presented. First, the general meshing line equations for a nonrelative sliding transmission mechanism between two orthogonal axes are proposed based on the active design parameters. Then, parametric equations for contact curves on the drive and driven spiral bevel gears are deduced by coordinate transformation of the meshing line equations. Further to this, parametric equations for the tooth surface of each bevel gear are derived according to the conical spiral motion of a generatrix circle along the calculated contact curves. Finally, a set of numerical examples is presented based on two types of motion equation of the meshing points. Material prototypes are fabricated and experimentally tested to validate the kinematic performance of the functionally designed spiral bevel gear set.

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