scholarly journals A Female Leadership Trust Advantage in Times of Crisis: Under What Conditions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-231
Author(s):  
Corinne Post ◽  
Ioana M. Latu ◽  
Liuba Y. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Relational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Crisis ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Organizational Crises ◽  
Behavioral Trust ◽  
Relational Behaviors

We examined differences in trust for men and women leaders who adopt relational behaviors during an organizational crisis. We addressed two important shortcomings of previous research. First, we independently manipulated leader gender and leader relational behaviors (interpersonal emotion management) to identify their separate and interacting influences on trust outcomes, which may lead to a leadership advantage for women. Second, we examined how uncertainty about crisis outcomes affects the strength of this advantage. We operationalized trust as both evaluative and behavioral (investment in a company led by the leader). We found support from two experiments with women and men ( N = 412 and N = 400) for the idea of a female leadership trust advantage in times of crisis. And we showed that the advantage is uniquely attributable to female leaders’ use of relational behaviors and is manifested only when crisis consequences are known. We observed these effects for both evaluative trust (Studies 1 and 2) and behavioral trust (Study 2). We invite more research on the conditions that contribute to the female leadership advantage, the gendered nature of leadership behaviors during organizational crises, and the relational leadership qualities that help restore trust in organizations during uncertain times. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319828292

When Do Family Ties Matter? The Duration of Female Suffrage and Women’s Path to High Political Office

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baturo ◽  
Julia Gray
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Female President

While the percentage of female heads of state in the world has increased to around 10 percent in the 2010s, a female president or prime minister still remains an exception. Recent scholarship has proposed a number of explanations behind this phenomenon, but there exist important gaps. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we use new and comprehensive data to undertake a systematic examination of the differences in the personal, education, and career backgrounds between female and male effective political leaders from 1960 to 2010. We find that female leaders are as qualified as men. Second, because the phenomenon of female leadership is still a rare occurrence, we argue that this fact must be accounted for in empirical modeling. Third, we show that many female leaders tend to acquire the necessary resources, support, and name recognition through political dynasties. To that end, women leaders need to rely on family ties more than men do. However, the importance of such connections attenuates when female suffrage has been in place for longer, and citizens are more open to women in politics.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Explanation for the Female Leadership Paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Smith ◽  
Christopher R. von Rueden ◽  
Mark van Vugt ◽  
Claudia Fichtel ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Social influence is distributed unequally between males and females in many mammalian societies. In human societies, gender inequality is particularly evident in access to leadership positions. Understanding why women historically and cross-culturally have tended to be under-represented as leaders within human groups and organizations represents a paradox because we lack evidence that women leaders consistently perform worse than men. We also know that women exercise overt influence in collective group-decisions within small-scale human societies, and that female leadership is pervasive in particular contexts across non-human mammalian societies. Here, we offer a transdisciplinary perspective on this female leadership paradox. Synthesis of social science and biological literatures suggests that females and males, on average, differ in why and how they compete for access to political leadership in mixed-gender groups. These differences are influenced by sexual selection and are moderated by socioecological variation across development and, particularly in human societies, by culturally transmitted norms and institutions. The interplay of these forces contributes to the emergence of female leaders within and across species. Furthermore, females may regularly exercise influence on group decisions in less conspicuous ways and different domains than males, and these underappreciated forms of leadership require more study. We offer a comprehensive framework for studying inequality between females and males in access to leadership positions, and we discuss the implications of this approach for understanding the female leadership paradox and for redressing gender inequality in leadership in humans.

scholarly journals Citra Kepemimpinan Wanita dalam Naskah Hikayat Pandu dan Naskah Dewi Maleka: Kajian Sastra Bandingan

Manuskripta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Shinta Anindita Apriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Female Leader ◽  
Ancient Manuscript

Women leaders as one form of emancipation, apparently already existed from the past. It can be found in ancient manuscripts. Ancient manuscripts can be our bridge in communicating with the past. Through the ancient manuscript we can know how life in the past happened. Therefore, ancient manuscripts should be kept and cared for, and preserved their contents in order to be a contribution of insight today. The values contained in the ancient manuscript are varied, one of which is the value of leadership. The value of female leadership is found in Hikayat Pandu and the manuscript of Dewi Maleka that will be the corpus of this study. The value of leadership or the image of leadership that serves as the basis of classification is Astabrata teaching. The aim of this research is to compare the leadership image of the female leaders from the Hikayat Pandu, the goddess Lara Amis and the female leaders of the goddess Malacca script. The method of research used is the comparative literary method. This research resulted in a comparison of leadership imagery between female leader figures derived from the Malay version (Hikayat Pandu) and Javanese version (Dewi Maleka) script. It can therefore be concluded that there are similarities and differences in the image of female leadership between Dewi Lara Amis and Dewi Melaka. Research into the comparison of leadership imagery, especially on female leaders has not been done in Hikayat Pandu and the manuscript goddess Maleka. Thus, this study presents a new discussion that can be an additional knowledge for readers.  --- Pemimpin wanita sebagai salah satu bentuk emansipasi, ternyata sudah ada dari masa lalu. Hal tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam naskah kuno. Naskah kuno dapat menjadi jembatan kita dalam berkomunikasi dengan masa lalu. Melalui naskah kuno tersebut kita dapat mengetahui bagaimana kehidupan di masa lalu itu terjadi. Oleh karena itu, naskah kuno sudah seharusnya dijaga dan dirawat, serta dilestarikan isinya supaya dapat menjadi sumbangan wawasan di zaman sekarang. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam naskah kuno beraneka ragam, salah satunya ialah nilai kepemimpinan. Nilai kepemimpinan wanita ditemukan pada naskah Hikayat Pandu dan naskah Dewi Maleka yang akan menjadi korpus pada penelitian ini. Nilai kepemimpinan atau citra kepemimpinan yang dijadikan landasan sebagai dasar klasifikasi yaitu ajaran astabrata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan perbandingan citra kepemimpinan dari tokoh pemimpin wanita dari naskah Hikayat Pandu yaitu tokoh Dewi Rara Amis dan pemimpin wanita dari naskah Dewi Maleka yaitu tokoh Dewi Maleka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif analisis dan teori yang digunakan ialah teori sastra bandingan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perbandingan citra kepemimpinan antara tokoh pemimpin wanita yang berasal dari naskah versi Melayu (Hikayat Pandu) dan naskah versi Jawa (Dewi Maleka). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan citra kepemimpinan wanita antara Dewi Rara Amis dan Dewi Maleka. Persamaan dan perbedaannya, yaitu Dewi Maleka memiliki delapan klasifikasi dalam astabrata, sedangkan Dewi Rara Amis hanya memiliki lima klasifikasi dalam astabrata antara lain ambeging surya, ambeging rembulan, ambeging angin, ambeging banyu, dan ambeging bumi.

scholarly journals Women in power: Female leadership and public health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Coscieme ◽  
Lorenzo Fioramonti ◽  
Lars F Mortensen ◽  
Kate E Pickett ◽  
Ida Kubiszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Better Than

Some countries have been more successful than others at dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. When we explore the different policy approaches adopted as well as the underlying socio-economic factors, we note an interesting set of correlations: countries led by women leaders have fared significantly better than those led by men on a wide range of dimensions concerning the global health crisis. In this paper, we analyze available data for 35 countries, focusing on the following variables: number of deaths per capita due to COVID-19, number of days with reported deaths, peaks in daily deaths, deaths occurred on the first day of lockdown, and excess mortality. Results show that countries governed by female leaders experienced much fewer COVID-19 deaths per capita and were more effective and rapid at flattening the epidemic's curve, with lower peaks in daily deaths. We argue that there are both contingent and structural reasons that may explain these stark differences. First of all, most women-led governments were more prompt at introducing restrictive measures in the initial phase of the epidemic, prioritizing public health over economic concerns, and more successful at eliciting collaboration from the population. Secondly, most countries led by women are also those with a stronger focus on social equality, human needs and generosity. These societies are more receptive to political agendas that place social and environmental wellbeing at the core of national policymaking.

scholarly journals Social Capital of Women Leaders in the Indigenous Community of Osing, East Java, Indonesia: A Feminist Ethnography Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Neng Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Feminist Ethnography ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
The Relationship

Female leaders have been around since ancient Indonesia. However, fewer women become leaders than men. Female leadership is considered successful when it follows male standards. The purpose of this research is to reveal the experience of women's leadership in the Osing Banyuwangi indigenous community. This research employs qualitative research with a feminist ethnographic approach. The findings of this study show that there are three female village heads in the Osing indigenous community, namely Kemiren village, Rejosari village, and Kampunganyar village. All three women have the capital they need to be elected and lead the community. The capital they owned both in the quality and quantity of the relationship network they transform and are in the form of economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital. In conclusion, this social capital is owned by the female leader herself and is not an extension of the power of the other party. These capitals make them able to face challenges typically attributed to women's leadership namely negative stereotypes and double burdens.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MODERN TRENDS OF OVERCOMING MANAGERIAL STEREOTYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Andropova
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Male Leader

The preferences of employees of organizations in male and female leadership qualities, as well as in the choice between a male leader and a female leader have been studied. More specifically, three factors have been considered, which can influence on these preferences: gender of the employee, gender of the manager, and the ratio of men to women in the organization. In the process of research, the theory of congruency has been studied, which claims that there is a mismatch between the female gender role and the role of manager. The concept of tokenism has been analysed. Empirical studies show mixed support for the concept of tokenism. Indeed, there are studies confirming that numerical representation negatively correlates with discrimination. Using the theory of social roles, it has been concluded that women leaders suffer from shortcomings based on prejudices related to gender and managerial stereotypes. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that increasing the proportion of women leaders is an effective way to overcome managerial stereotypes.

scholarly journals In support of female leadership in the church: Grappling with the perspective of Setswana men � Shepherding as solution offered

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopolang H. Sekano ◽  
Maake J. Masango
Keyword(s):  
Female Leadership ◽  
1 Corinthians ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Timothy 2 ◽  
Female Leader ◽  
The Church

This article addresses the overwhelmingly negative experience and feeling of some men who serve under female leaders in the church. They claim to feel degraded and traumatised by the experience of being led by women. They also claim that their patriarchal culture and religion is defied by such actions and laws of equality that encourage female leadership. They substantiate their views by quoting 1 Corinthians 14:34−35 and 1 Timothy 2:12−14 in addition to a Setswana proverb, �Tsa etelelwa pele ke e namagadi di wela ka lengope� [those who are led by a female leader fall into dongas]. In the light of this situation an intensive study regarding the need for an egalitarian concept and constructive interpretation of Bible passages, Setswana proverbs and idioms regarding the inevitability of female leadership is paramount to people who have an androcentric concept of religion and culture.

“Intuitive, Receptive, Dark”

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-230
Author(s):  
Per Faxneld
Keyword(s):  
Gender Issues ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Path ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Absolute Correlation ◽  
Basic Approaches

The article discusses some of the debates over the construction of gender taking place in the satanic and Left-hand Path (LHP) milieu, in particular the different varieties of upvaluing of “the feminine.” This includes disputes over what the term feminism entails, what the best strategies for women to gain more power are, and if “feminine” is an essence that can be contrasted with a fixed “masculine.” Notions of gender polarity as necessary for magical practice or cosmic balance are given special attention, as are borrowings from feminist terminology (e.g. “patriarchy”) by figures that are far from feminist in orientation. Aside from textual sources, the article draws on communication with 44 informants. Three basic approaches to gender can be discerned in the milieu: 1) Gender as an insignificant category, 2) Gender as a natural polarity, 3) Gender as false consciousness. Of these, number two is the most common, while number one is quite seldom seen—gender is a major issue, one way or another. Femininity is frequently discussed by both men and women, while masculinity is a less popular topic. Femininity, then, is a particularly contested matter in the milieu. Overall, the dominant view of gender is that the two sexes should be strictly dichotomized. The article concludes that with some exceptions most organizations in the milieu are numerically dominated by men. However, some important groups have periodically been led by women, and there are several female key producers of ideology. The partly reactionary views concerning gender issues held by some female leaders indicate that female leadership does not necessitate that a conventional feminism would permeate the organization. Further, it is difficult to see any absolute correlation between female leadership and upvaluing of the feminine in mythology. Moreover, the article demonstrates, such upvaluing does not in itself always signify an underlying ideology of political feminism.

scholarly journals Measuring Bias against Female Political Leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Setzler
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
State Level ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Level I ◽  
Measuring Bias

AbstractMuch research examining gender bias in politics analyzes responses to explicit survey questions asking individuals whether they prefer male over female leaders or agree that male political leaders are superior. Drawing insights from the measurement of other types of prejudice, this article explores the methodological shortcomings of a widely used question of this type. Analyzing the results of two surveys—one national and one state-level—I compare response patterns to a standard, highly explicit question that is frequently administered by the Pew Research Center with those for a modestly altered item that employs multiple strategies to reduce social desirability bias. Compared with the alternative measure, the conventional item seriously underreports prejudice against women leaders. Moreover, the underreporting of bias is especially prevalent among individuals belonging to groups that are strong advocates of gender equality.

scholarly journals Roles of female leaders of educational in Vietnam National University

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Huy ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chung ◽  
Nguyen Trung Kien
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Leadership In Higher Education ◽  
Vietnamese Higher Education ◽  
National University

In order to understanding the increasing number of women leaders in Vietnamese higher education. The research was a qualitative study using a narrative inquiry research design as a means to elicit the lived experience of some respected female educational leaders. However, a higher of males leader than females still fills senior management roles in Vietnamese higher education.  This study explores of perspective the leadership styles of women leaders who want to positions of leadership in higher education. Most of the female leaders have not leadership training at any school, so their leadership and management by experiences.The identification of important factors effect on the educational leadership of these figures will provide insight into the nature of leadership in relation to teaching and learning in Vietnamese higher education. Research will focus on interview as method for exploring thestories offemale educational leaders in Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU). The role of female leaders in changing, developing and perfecting valuable structures. Exploring these stories will demonstrate and can be understood the leadership styles of female leader in at VNU.

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