scholarly journals Global Dietary Surveillance: Data Gaps and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Micha ◽  
Jennifer Coates ◽  
Catherine Leclercq ◽  
U. Ruth Charrondiere ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dietary Surveillance ◽  
Dietary Data

Background: Detailed information on global individual-level consumption patterns is imperative for informed policy making. However, such data are dispersed and incomplete. Objective: To review and discuss the methodologies, observed data availability, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to global dietary surveillance. Methods: This investigation provides an extensive review of global dietary assessment methodologies and challenges, including at the survey level, the dietary collection and assessment level, and the dietary data processing and analysis level. The focus is on nationally representative individual-level data, and additional types of dietary data, such as dietary biomarkers, household assessment, and food availability, are reviewed as alternatives. Practical guidance is provided to inform key decisions when designing dietary surveys and collecting, analyzing, and using dietary data. This article further identifies and describes existing global and regional dietary initiatives/data sets. Results: Harmonized and standardized primary individual-level dietary data collection, processing, and analysis worldwide are currently not available. Evaluation and decision-making should be based on best available data, that is, secondary nonharmonized yet to the extent possible, standardized individual-level dietary data. Existing initiatives differ substantially in methodologies, including survey design/representativeness, coverage, diet assessment, and dietary metric standardization and processing. Data gaps have been identified that were more profound for certain countries, certain dietary indicators across countries, population subgroups, representativeness, or time periods. Conclusions: Optimizing worldwide dietary habits to improve population health requires systematically identified and evaluated data on a continuing basis. Leveraging existing available dietary data and efforts is an indispensable prerequisite for informed priority setting targeting the intersections between diet and disease.

Developing a Dietary Lifestyle Ontology (DILON) to Improve the Interoperability of Dietary Data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeoneui Kim ◽  
Jinsun Jung ◽  
Jisung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Common Data Elements ◽  
Metadata Annotation ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Concept Classes ◽  
Colloquial Style ◽  
Dietary Data

BACKGROUND Dietary habits offer crucial information on one's health and form a considerable part of the Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD). Dietary data are collected through various channels and formats; thus, interoperability is a significant challenge to reusing the data. The vast scope of dietary concepts and colloquial style of expression add difficulty to the standardization task. Common Data Elements (CDE) with metadata annotation and ontological structuring of dietary concepts address the interoperability issues of dietary data to some extent. However, challenges remaining in making culture-specific dietary habits and questionnaire-based dietary assessment data interoperable require additional efforts. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to address the interoperability challenge in dietary concepts by combining ontological curation of dietary concepts and metadata annotation of questionnaire-based dietary data. Specifically, this study aimed to develop a Dietary Lifestyle Ontology (DILON) and demonstrated the improved interoperability of questionnaire-based dietary data by annotating its main semantics with DILON. METHODS By analyzing 1158 dietary assessment data elements (367 in Korean and 791 in English), 515 dietary concepts were extracted and used to construct DILON. To demonstrate the utility of DILON in improving the interoperability of multi-cultural questionnaire-based dietary data, ten Competency Questions (CQs) were developed that identified data elements that share the same dietary topics and measurement qualities. As the test cases, 68 dietary habit data elements from Korean and English questionnaires were instantiated and annotated with the dietary concepts in DILON. The competency questions were translated into Semantic Query-enhanced Web Rule Language (SQWRL), and the query results were reviewed for accuracy. RESULTS DILON was built with 260 concept classes and 486 instances and successfully validated with ontology validation tools. A small overlap (72 concepts) in the concepts extracted from the questionnaires in two languages indicates the need to pay closer attention to representing culture-specific dietary concepts. The SQWRL queries reflecting the 10 CQs yielded the correct results. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring the interoperability of dietary lifestyle data is a demanding task due to its vast scope and variations in expression. This study demonstrated that, when combined with common data elements and semantic metadata annotation, ontology can effectively mediate the interoperability of dietary data generated in different cultural contexts and expressed in various styles.

scholarly journals An Environmental Impact Calculator for 24-h Diet Recalls

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bryan ◽  
Andrea Hicks ◽  
Bruce Barrett ◽  
Catherine Middlecamp
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nationally Representative

The production of food is associated with significant environmental impact. In this paper, we describe the first assessment of the environmental impact of food consumption in the United States using individually reported dietary intake data from a nationally representative sample. Using individual-level dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and applying median environmental impact factors compiled by Poore and Nemecek (2018), we estimate that the daily diet that a non-institutionalized U.S. civilian reports results in a mean of 3.92 m2 (95% CI: 3.51–4.34) of land used, 2.26 kg (95% CI: 2.09–2.42)of CO2e emitted, and 159 L (95% CI: 150–168) of freshwater withdrawn. The scope of all impacts is agricultural; transportation, storage, and preparation were not included. These results suggest that the calculator is ready for further development. This calculator can be used to estimate the environmental impact of individual diets in the 5100 studies (as of November 2018) registered with the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool, in addition to the last two decades of the nationally representative NHANES research.

scholarly journals Methods and Design of Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Study to Compare Different Modalities for Collecting Individual-Level 24-Hour Dietary Recalls in Burkina Faso and Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1164-1164
Author(s):  
Jennifer Coates ◽  
Beatrice Rogers ◽  
Katherine Adams ◽  
Winnie Bell ◽  
Jerome Some ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Objectives Collection of individual level dietary data in low and middle income countries traditionally has been hindered by complexity and high costs. To address this issue, the International Dietary Data Expansion (INDDEX) Project has developed an innovative dietary assessment platform (INDDEX24) consisting of a tablet-based application for conducting individual 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR), linked to a set of web-based dietary data inputs (e.g., food composition database, standard recipes, conversion factors). The objective of this study was to compare cost, time and cost effectiveness of a 24HR using INDDEX24 versus a standard pen-and-paper (PAPI) approach. Methods Costs of implementing 24HR using INDDEX24 vs. PAPI were derived using activity-based costing methods as part of two validation studies conducted with adult women in Burkina Faso (n = 231) and Viet Nam (n = 234). To estimate the time of survey administration, we surveyed 60 respondents per country in urban and rural areas. Other costed activities included: developing dietary data inputs, survey preparation and implementation, data entry, processing, and analysis. Monetary and time costs were compared in total and for each activity. Cost effectiveness was defined as relative cost per unit of accuracy, with accuracy determined by the difference of INDDEX24 and PAPI compared to a weighed food record (WFR). Results This study identified multiple challenges associated with assessing the cost side of a cost-effectiveness analysis. The overall cost, time, and cost-effectiveness can vary significantly by country, as well as by specific activities in each context. Another challenge was distinguishing costs related to the implementation of the INDDEX24 validation study from those that future users will face. Modeled scenarios distinguished the up-front costs of developing and validating the INDDEX24 platform from the expected implementation costs of using it. Conclusions The selection of the most appropriate dietary assessment approach should be based on considerations of time, cost, and accuracy. This cost study, together with findings from the INDDEX24 validation study, shows the potential for INDDEX24 to streamline 24HR by saving time and resources. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Personality change and environmental concerns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

Prevalence and clustering of diarrhoea within households in India: some evidence from NFHS-4, 2015–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevin Vijayan ◽  
Mala Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

AbstractDiarrhoeal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children and is usually measured at individual level. Shared household attributes, such as improved water supply and sanitation, expose those living in the same household to these same risk factors for diarrhoea. The occurrence of diarrhoea in two or more children in the same household is termed ‘diarrhoea clustering’. The aim of this study was to examine the role of improved water supply and sanitation in the occurrence of diarrhoea, and the clustering of diarrhoea in households, among under-five children in India. Data were taken from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4), a nationally representative survey which interviewed 699,686 women from 601,509 households in the country. If any child was reported to have diarrhoea in a household in the 2 weeks preceding the survey, the household was designated a diarrhoeal household. Household clustering of diarrhoea was defined the occurrence of diarrhoea in more than one child in households with two or more children. The analysis was done at the household level separately for diarrhoeal households and clustering of diarrhoea in households. The presence of clustering was tested using a chi-squared test. The overall prevalences of diarrhoea and clustering of diarrhoea were examined using exogenous variables. Odds ratios, standardized to allow comparison across categories, were computed. The household prevalence of diarrhoea was 12% and that of clustering of diarrhoea was 2.4%. About 6.5% of households contributed 12.6% of the total diarrhoeal cases. Access to safe water and sanitation was shown to have a great impact on reducing diarrhoeal prevalence and clustering across different household groups. Safe water alone had a greater impact on reducing the prevalence in the absence of improved sanitation when compared with the presence of improved sanitation. It may be possible to reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea in households by targeting those households with more than one child in the under-five age group with the provision of safe water and improved sanitation.

scholarly journals Energy, macronutrient and fatty acid intake of French elderly community dwellers and association with socio-demographic characteristics: data from the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Féart ◽  
Marthe A. Jutand ◽  
Sophie Larrieu ◽  
Luc Letenneur ◽  
Cécile Delcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Fat

Few data are available regarding dietary habits of the elderly, in particular about fatty acid consumption, whereas these are major risk or protective factors of several age-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary intake of a French elderly population in terms of energy, macronutrients and fatty acids based on their socio-demographic characteristics. The study population (age range 67·7–94·9 years) consisted of 1786 subjects from Bordeaux (France), included in the Three-City cohort. Dietary assessment was performed by a 24 h recall, allowing the estimation of energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, educational level and income), practice of sports and BMI were registered. Total energy intake (EI) was lower in women and in older participants ( ≥ 85 years) but higher in single subjects. Higher EI was associated with higher income, but not with educational level. Mean contribution of macronutrients to EI (protein 18 %, carbohydrate 46 % and total fat 31 %) was higher in women than men, except for alcohol. The oldest individuals consumed less protein and more mono- and disaccharides. Excess saturated fat intake (43 % of total fat), associated with a relative deficit in MUFA consumption (36 % of total fat), was observed. The mean 18 : 2n-6 : 18 : 3n-3 ratio was 9.9 and decreased with higher educational level. The present results suggest that being female, older age, being widowed and low income level could be considered as risk factors of inadequate dietary intake.

Racial Inequalities in Oral Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 878-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Bastos ◽  
R.K. Celeste ◽  
Y.C. Paradies
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Dental Procedures

Together with other social categories, race has been at the core of much scholarly work in the area of humanities and social sciences, as well as a host of applied disciplines. In dentistry, debates have ranged from the use of race as a criterion for the recommendation of specific dental procedures to a means of assessing inequalities in a variety of outcomes. What is missing in these previous discussions, though, is a broader understanding of race that transcends relations with genetic makeup and other individual-level characteristics. In this review, we provide readers with a critique of the existing knowledge on race and oral health by answering the following 3 guiding questions: (1) What concepts and ideas are connected with race in the field of dentistry? (2) What can be learned and what is absent from the existing literature on the topic? (3) How can we enhance research and policy on racial inequalities in oral health? Taken together, the reviewed studies rely either on biological distinctions between racial categories or on other individual characteristics that may underlie racial disparities in oral health. Amidst a range of individual-level factors, racial inequalities have often been attributed to lower socioeconomic status and “health-damaging” cultural traits, for instance, patterns of and reasons for dental visits, dietary habits, and oral hygiene behaviors. While this literature has been useful in documenting large and persistent racial gaps in oral health, wider sociohistorical processes, such as systemic racism, as well as their relationships with economic exploitation, social stigmatization, and political marginalization, have yet to be operationalized among studies on the topic. A nascent body of research has recently begun to address some of these factors, but limited attention to structural theories of racism means that many more studies are needed to effectively mitigate racial health differentials.

scholarly journals Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Van Wilder ◽  
Rana Charafeddine ◽  
Philippe Beutels ◽  
Robin Bruyndonckx ◽  
Irina Cleemput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
Lower Index ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Belgian Population ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Purpose Health-related quality of life outcomes are increasingly used to monitor population health and health inequalities and to assess the (cost-) effectiveness of health interventions. The EQ-5D-5L has been included in the Belgian Health Interview Survey, providing a new source of population-based self-perceived health status information. This study aims to estimate Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L by sex, age, and region and to analyze its association with educational attainment. Methods The BHIS 2018 provided EQ-5D-5L data for a nationally representative sample of the Belgian population. The dimension scores and index values were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, respectively, accounting for the survey design. Results More than half of respondents reported problems of pain/discomfort, while over a quarter reported problems of anxiety/depression. The average index value was 0.84. Women reported more problems on all dimensions, but particularly on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort, resulting in significantly lower index values. Problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities showed a sharp increase after the age of 80 years. Consequently, index values decreased significantly by age. Lower education was associated with a higher prevalence of problems for all dimensions except anxiety/depression and with a significantly lower index value. Conclusion This paper presents the first nationally representative Belgian population norms using the EQ-5D-5L. Inclusion of the EQ-5D in future surveys will allow monitoring over time of self-reported health, disease burden, and health inequalities.

Abstract P163: Global and Regional Consumption of Specific Dietary Fats and Dietary Cholesterol in 1990 and 2005: Systematic Analysis of Country-Specific Nutrition Surveys Worldwide

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Micha ◽  
Shahab Khatibzadeh ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
John Powles ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Diet Surveys ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

Background. Assessing the impact of diet on chronic diseases worldwide has been limited by availability only of food disappearance data rather than reliable and systematically assessed consumption data on dietary habits globally. Objective. To review and access published and unpublished national diet surveys worldwide in a systematic and consistent way to produce comprehensive intake data of specific dietary fats and their uncertainties by country, region, age, and sex in 1990 and 2005. Methods. We developed methods to identify, assess, and obtain exposure data (mean, SD) from nationally representative diet surveys worldwide on saturated, n-6, n-3 and trans fats, and dietary cholesterol. To address missing data and estimate mean intake, we developed and applied a multi-level hierarchical Bayesian model that accounted for country- and region-level data, measurement comparability, study representativeness, and diet assessment method. Time-varying country-level covariates were used to inform the estimates, including FAO food availability data, population, GDP, latitude, metabolic risks, and other diet covariates. Uncertainty of the estimates accounted for uncertainty from sampling and statistical modeling. Results. We obtained relevant data (85% by direct author contact) from 76 nationally representative and 15 large regional surveys from 49 countries in 15 regions, covering 75% of the world’s population. Several countries and regions lacked representative data. Data were most frequently available for saturated fat and dietary cholesterol (Figure). Results for other fats will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions. These new methods developed to systematically assess, compile and estimate the exposure distribution of specific dietary fats and cholesterol in a uniform fashion globally allow, for the first time, characterization of consumption habits and trends by country, region, age and sex. Such global assessment is imperative for estimating the impact of dietary fats on chronic diseases worldwide.

State- and Individual-Level Predictors of Mexican Death Penalty Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1590-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Updegrove ◽  
Erin A. Orrick
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Insight Into

Mexico exerts a unique influence on Texas through immigration. As immigrants bring perspectives from their country of origin when they immigrate, studying attitudes toward capital punishment in Mexico may provide insight into ways Mexican immigrants could affect its future practice in Texas. Multilevel modeling is used to examine individual- and state-level predictors of death penalty support among a nationally representative sample of Mexicans. Results indicate age and Catholic affiliation are associated with death penalty support, although not in the expected directions, whereas states bordering the United States are less likely to support capital punishment, despite experiencing less overall peace and a higher average homicide rate. Findings suggest the need for researchers to use culture-specific factors to predict death penalty support.

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