The Self-Relatedness Construct: Empirical Verification via Observation in the Context of Inpatient Group Therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter H. Seidler
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Inpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Empirical Verification ◽  
Inpatient Group ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Inpatient Therapy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experience Of Illness ◽  
New Instruments

The article outlines the empirical verification of a self-relatedness construct theoretically elaborated elsewhere for its suitability as a way of describing changes achieved in the framework of inpatient psychotherapy. The study centres on two hypotheses: (1) during inpatient therapy lasting 12 weeks, patients display identifiable changes in the form of an increase in self-referentiality; (2) an increase in self-referentiality correlates with a decrease in symptomatology. The study was conducted in a practice-near design involving 76 patients in the framework of a multi-level approach. The article presents the findings gained with newly devised instruments for the identification of features of (a) self-relatedness and (b) of symptomatology and the experience of illness. First, it was again possible to show that these instruments satisfy various quality criteria. Of the two hypotheses, the first may safely be said to stand confirmed. Assessment of the second hypothesis calls for a differentiation regarding the increase of self-referentiality and symptom change in that this increase differs according to symptom area: whereas the increase of self-referentiality is bound up with a reduction of somatic and social symptoms, there is no demonstrable connection of this kind with regard to psychic symptoms, although the individual scales also show a reduction. The findings are interpreted with all due caution as indicating that the new instruments may have touched on, or indeed identified, a `capacity for symbolization `factor underlying both structure formation and symptomatology.

scholarly journals A Multi-level Review of Engineering Ethics Education: Towards a Socio-technical Orientation of Engineering Education for Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Adela Martin ◽  
Eddie Conlon ◽  
Brian Bowe
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Engineering Ethics Education ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper aims to review the empirical and theoretical research on engineering ethics education, by focusing on the challenges reported in the literature. The analysis is conducted at four levels of the engineering education system. First, the individual level is dedicated to findings about teaching practices reported by instructors. Second, the institutional level brings together findings about the implementation and presence of ethics within engineering programmes. Third, the level of policy situates findings about engineering ethics education in the context of accreditation. Finally, there is the level of the culture of engineering education. The multi-level analysis allows us to address some of the limitations of higher education research which tends to focus on individual actors such as instructors or remains focused on the levels of policy and practice without examining the deeper levels of paradigm and purpose guiding them. Our approach links some of the challenges of engineering ethics education with wider debates about its guiding paradigms. The main contribution of the paper is to situate the analysis of the theoretical and empirical findings reported in the literature on engineering ethics education in the context of broader discussions about the purpose of engineering education and the aims of reform programmes. We conclude by putting forward a series of recommendations for a socio-technical oriented reform of engineering education for ethics.

scholarly journals Multi-level Governance and Energy Specifics of the V4 Countries within the Context of European Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-546
Author(s):  
Helena Bauerová ◽  
Milan Vošta
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe topic of energy is still one of the most sensitive policy areas. The aim of this article is to examine the multi-level governance and energy specifics of the V4 countries within the context of European integration by analyzing selected the specifics of the energy mix of the V4 group countries. This will be carried out within the context of applying the theory of multilevel governance. The paper shows how energy policy is formed at state, and/or non-state level, as well as how these levels are influenced by the EU. The article also looks at the efforts taken to shape a common energy policy. A closer examination of the individual countries‘ levels lies outside the scope of this article. Therefore, the framework was chosen with regard to the particular features within the context of the functioning of the V4 group of countries. Using multi-level governance as a theoretical concept, the authors considered the limits arising from the determination of levels and the subjects of the survey, as well as having distinguished three levels of analysis. The first is the supranational level. This is represented by the EU. The second level is represented by the V4 states. The third level is the state as the actor that formulates energy policy, sets the energy mix and subsequently manifests itself in relation to the EU and the V4 group. Energy policy is significantly influenced by states, especially in the area of energy security of fuel supplies, or that of setting the energy mix. With the gradual communitarization of energy policy, the EU’s influence is growing and it is debatable how the evaluation of existing strategic plans, presented by individual states, will be done. The role of the V4 group is the weakest of the three levels of analysis which were examined. However, its increasing influence can be predicted mainly in the case of coal depletion and the perception of nuclear energy as a renewable source.

scholarly journals Isolated individuals and groups show opposite preferences toward humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Calvo Martín ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis ◽  
Isaac Planas-Sitjà ◽  
Jean-Christophe de Biseau ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractCockroaches, like most social arthropods, are led to choose collectively among different alternative resting places. These decisions are modulated by different factors, such as environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and sociality (groups size, nature of communications). The aim of this study is to establish the interplay between environmental conditions and the modulation of the interactions between individuals within a group leading to an inversion of preferences. We show that the preferences of isolated cockroaches and groups of 16 individuals, on the selection of the relative humidity of a shelter are inversed and shed light on the mechanisms involved. We suggest that the relative humidity has a multi-level influence on cockroaches, manifested as an attractant effect at the individual level and as a negative effect at the group level, modulating the interactions.

The individual and organizational level effects of TQM practices on job satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Prajogo ◽  
Brian Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Attitudes ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Company

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the multi-level relationship between people-related total quality management (TQM) practices and employee job satisfaction. The authors draw upon organizational climate theory to hypothesize that TQM is related to job satisfaction at the individual employee level, as well as at the organizational level in the form of shared perceptions of TQM practices in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach Multi-level modelling was used to test the study hypotheses. The sample was drawn from 201 employees working in 23 organizations in Australia. Findings The findings show that people-related TQM practices are positively related to job satisfaction at both individual and organizational levels, with a stronger effect on employee attitudes observed at the organizational level. Research limitations/implications The statistically significant multi-level relationship between people-related TQM practices and job satisfaction extends the findings of previous studies conducted only at the individual level; thus, supporting the sustainability of TQM as a management principle at a company-wide level. Practical implications The findings broadly support the implementation of people-related TQM practices as part of a strategy of creating a “high performance” climate in organizations, which in turn, will likely to positively affect both individual and organizational performance. Social implications From a wider social perspective, the implementation of TQM practices as a company-wide initiative could facilitate greater corporate social responsibility of the organization. Such practices as training, involving, and empowering employees can promote social commitment by valuing employees as one important stakeholder. Originality/value This is the first empirical study to the best of the author’s knowledge that uses multi-level modelling to examine the relationship between TQM practices and employee attitudes such as job satisfaction.

IT Software Development Offshoring

2008 ◽  
pp. 768-787
Author(s):  
Fred Niederman ◽  
Sumit Kundu ◽  
Sylvia Salas
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Phenomenon ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

The offshoring of IT development is a significant global economic phenomenon. It influences the lives and fortunes of individuals, organizations, and nations/regions. However, because offshoring so broadly affects different stakeholders, a multi-level theory is required so that influences that may positively affect one set of stakeholders while negatively affecting another are not misinterpreted by an overly narrow analysis. This chapter discusses how IT development is differentiated from other global labor sourcing and argues that it is worthy of investigation as an offshoring domain. The chapter proposes that the study of IT development offshoring needs to recognize precursors and results as they affect individuals, organizations, and nation/regions, and presents examples and discussion in each of these areas. The chapter further argues that the domain of IT development offshoring is incomplete without consideration of interactions between the individual and nation/region as well as between the organization and nation/region. The chapter concludes by considering the complexity of presenting a complete picture in this domain and suggesting some areas for future research.

Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20 years’ experience, UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Experience Of Illness

This chapter explores how dissociation of awareness of either the mind or the body can be experienced by everyone to some degree. It has been suggested that in Non-Epileptic Attack Disorder (NEAD), a protective mechanism of enabling individuals to detach from the difficult emotions they have not yet been able to make sense of has led to a detachment from the awareness of the body, thus resulting in physical symptoms that resemble epileptic seizures. Treatment therefore lies in improving both mind and body awareness. Working with individuals with NEAD or Dissociative Seizures introduces one to the multifaceted nature of humanity. Although there are common themes that emerge through psychological assessment—such as prior experience of illness, neurological insult or physical injury to a specific body part, difficulty recognizing stress in the body or mind, or a tendency to use unhelpful coping strategies during prolonged periods of stress,—no two persons with NEAD have the same seizures because each individual’s experience is unique, making the nature and clinical presentation of the seizure-like experiences idiosyncratic. Despite this, it is always possible to discover the reason that individuals with NEAD experience the symptoms they do, even if it is sometimes initially hard for the individual to accept or believe this.

Image evaluation and breast density categories as a function of mammary positioning in full-field digital mammography

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 868-874
Author(s):  
Irene Tomoko Nakano ◽  
Gabriel Lucca de Oliveira Salvador ◽  
Hugo Reuters Schelin ◽  
Valeriy Denyak ◽  
Helen Jamil Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Full Field ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Full Field Digital Mammography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Background Appropriate mammary positioning is an important factor in optimizing image quality in mammography (MMG). Purpose To study the correlation of quality criteria and breast density classification proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and European Guidelines and its influence to achieve a proper positioning, therefore an adequate MMG. Material and methods A total of 128 routine MMG examinations were reviewed for the definition of breast composition parenchyma and assessment of several quality criteria proposed by the ACR and European Guidelines to achieve an adequate MMG. Adequate MMG was defined as a difference between the posterior nipple line (PNL), difference of the mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) incidences > 1 cm. The quality criteria were analyzed as a function of correlation coefficient in order to evaluate the individual impact of each factor and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the performance of the criteria on each type of parenchyma. Results Negative correlation of fatty breasts and visibility of the mammary angle, a greater number of skin folds and PNL > 1 cm (r < 0). Dense MMG presented less visibility of the lateral tissue compared with other categories. Area under the curve of ROC analysis revealed values of 53.1% and 54.7% for the right and left breasts, respectively. Conclusion Several factors influenced in the MMG process, but we find that breast parenchyma has a substantial role in affecting these criteria and therefore a correct position for diagnosis, which could compromise MMG diagnostic performance.

IT Software Development Offshoring

2011 ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Niederman ◽  
Sumit Kundu ◽  
Silvia Salas
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Phenomenon ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

The offshoring of IT development is a significant global economic phenomenon. It influences the lives and fortunes of individuals, organizations, and nations/regions. However, because offshoring so broadly affects different stakeholders, a multi-level theory is required so that influences that may positively affect one set of stakeholders while negatively affecting another are not misinterpreted by an overly narrow analysis. This chapter discusses how IT development is differentiated from other global labor sourcing and argues that it is worthy of investigation as an offshoring domain. The chapter proposes that the study of IT development offshoring needs to recognize precursors and results as they affect individuals, organizations, and nation/regions, and presents examples and discussion in each of these areas. The chapter further argues that the domain of IT development offshoring is incomplete without consideration of interactions between the individual and nation/region as well as between the organization and nation/region. The chapter concludes by considering the complexity of presenting a complete picture in this domain and suggesting some areas for future research.

Soul Care for One and All: Pentecostal Theology and the Search for a More Expansive View of Spiritual Formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-152
Author(s):  
Bob L. Johnson ◽  
Rickie D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Soul Care ◽  
Pentecostal Theology ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

In an effort to move toward a more robust theology and practice of spiritual formation, this paper explores the multi-dimensional, multi-level character of spiritual formation and its implications for spiritual leadership. Convinced that Pentecostal theology provides a means for enriching and even correcting popular notions of spiritual formation, these purposes are pursued within this interpretive context. Much has been written on the soul care of individuals in the Church, less on the nature and dynamics of soul care at the corporate level. It is argued that the individual and corporate levels of spiritual formation share a nested, reciprocal, and symbiotic relationship. Understanding and attending to this relationship with greater intentionality places leaders in a position to develop more informed strategies to facilitate the ongoing transformation of individuals, congregations, and denominations in their care.

A Multi-level Analysis of Thirty-two Societies on Marital and Family Satisfaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHINORI KAMO ◽  
MAKIKO HORI
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis

When we examine the quality of life for each individual, several specific dimensions need to be considered. Health conditions and quality of family relationships are critical. When the individual in question is married, his/her marital quality is important. When he/she has a job, subjective assessment of that job is important. Social relationships regarding friends, neighbors, colleagues, relatives, etc. may be critical also. Although the quality of life is more than the sum of qualities of these specific areas of one's life, it is still determined to a great extent by the qualities of these sub-areas, including marital and family relationships (Proulxet al., 2007).

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