Mapping the field of misinformation correction and its effects: A review of four decades of research

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842110537
Author(s):  
Qinyu E ◽  
Osamu Sakura ◽  
Gefei Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements

Why people still rely on misinformation after clear corrections is a major concern driving relevant research. Different fields, from psychology to marketing, have been seeking answers. Yet there remains no systematic review to integrate these theoretical and empirical insights. To fill the gap, this article reviewed 135 articles on misinformation correction and its effects written before 2020 to examine the knowledge generated in the field. Our findings indicate a consistent interest on this topic over the past four decades, and a sharp increase of relevant scholarly work in the last ten years. Nevertheless, most studies have been built upon psychological inquiries and quantitative methodologies. What is lacking includes longitudinal measurements of debunking effectiveness, theoretical insights beyond cognitive sciences, methodological contributions from qualitative approaches, and empirical evidence from non-western societies. With this analysis, we propose worthwhile focuses for future exploration.

scholarly journals What do young people worry about? A systematic review of worry theme measures of teen and preteen individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Marcin Owczarek ◽  
Grainne McAnee ◽  
Donal McAteer ◽  
Mark Shevlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

AbstractExcessive worry can negatively influence one’s developmental trajectories. In the past 70 years, there have been studies aimed towards documenting and analysing concerns or ‘worries’ of teen and preteen individuals. There have been many quantitative and qualitative approaches established, suggesting different themes of contextual adolescent worry. With the hopes of future clinical utility, it is important to parse through these studies and gather what is currently known about what teens and preteens worry about and what is the state of methods used to gather that knowledge. Studies were searched for using Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases and selected on systematic criteria. Data regarding the country in which the study took place, participants, methods of collection, worry themes and conclusions and limitations were extracted. Data were synthesised in a narrative fashion. It was concluded that currently available methods of measuring themes of adolescent worry face certain problems. Themes of worry differ substantially between the studies, with the exception of school performance seeing stable high endorsement across cultures and ages. Issues with ordering worry themes and implications for future understanding of adolescent and preadolescent worry are discussed.

Socially Shared Regulation of Learning: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Panadero ◽  
Sanna Järvelä
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Optimal Form ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recorded Observation ◽  
Socially Shared Regulation

Abstract. Socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) has been recognized as a new and growing field in the framework of self-regulated learning theory in the past decade. In the present review, we examine the empirical evidence to support such a phenomenon. A total of 17 articles addressing SSRL were identified, 13 of which presented empirical evidence. Through a narrative review it could be concluded that there is enough data to maintain the existence of SSRL in comparison to other social regulation (e.g., co-regulation). It was found that most of the SSRL research has focused on characterizing phenomena through the use of mixed methods through qualitative data, mostly video-recorded observation data. Also, SSRL seems to contribute to students’ performance. Finally, the article discusses the need for the field to move forward, exploring the best conditions to promote SSRL, clarifying whether SSRL is always the optimal form of collaboration, and identifying more aspects of groups’ characteristics.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
V. G. Atrushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plant Derived Natural Products – A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4506-4536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris E. Allijn ◽  
René P. Brinkhuis ◽  
Gert Storm ◽  
Raymond M. Schiffelers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Individual Molecular Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Medicines

Traditionally, natural medicines have been administered as plant extracts, which are composed of a mixture of molecules. The individual molecular species in this mixture may or may not contribute to the overall medicinal effects and some may even oppose the beneficial activity of others. To better control therapeutic effects, studies that characterized specific molecules and describe their individual activity that have been performed over the past decades. These studies appear to underline that natural products are particularly effective as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. In this systematic review we aimed to identify potent anti-inflammatory natural products and relate their efficacy to their chemical structure and physicochemical properties. To identify these compounds, we performed a comprehensive literature search to find those studies, in which a dose-response description and a positive control reference compound was used to benchmark the observed activity. Of the analyzed papers, 7% of initially selected studies met these requirements and were subjected to further analysis. This analysis revealed that most selected natural products indeed appeared to possess anti-inflammatory activities, in particular anti-oxidative properties. In addition, 14% of the natural products outperformed the remaining natural products in all tested assays and are attractive candidates as new anti-inflammatory agents.

Parent–Child Construction of Personal Memories in Reminiscing Conversations: Implications for the Development and Treatment of Childhood Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Childhood Psychopathology ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Emotion Competence ◽  
Critical Skills ◽  
Clinical Populations ◽  
Parent Child

Strong theory and research implicates parent–child conversations about the past in the child’s development of critical skills, including autobiographical memory and understanding of emotion and minds. Yet very little research has focused on associations between reminiscing and the development of childhood psychopathology. This chapter considers what is known about reminiscing between parents and children where there is anxiety or conduct problems. These findings provide clues as to how children come to manifest difficulties in autobiographical memory and emotion competence. Thereafter, the text reviews studies that have attempted to alter the style and content of parent–child reminiscing in clinical populations. The full implications of parent–child reminiscing, as a rich context for children’s development, have yet to be realized in clinically relevant research.

Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Political News ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes media malaise theories and their consequences for legitimacy. These theories argue that the increasing availability of information through new and old media and increasingly negative tone of media are to blame for declining legitimacy. The chapter examines these claims by providing a systematic review of empirical research on media and political support. It first investigates whether news coverage has become more negative over time, and then examines the micro process that might explain the link between media coverage and political support. Empirical evidence suggests that where coverage has become more negative, this occurred before the 1990s and has levelled off since, and is concentrated primarily in election news. Negative political news does have a modest impact on political support once controlled for level of education, but that effect can be positive and negative, depending on the medium, the receiver, and the indicator of political support.

Calligraphy, Psychology and the Confucian Literati Personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 097133362199044
Author(s):  
Henry S. R. Kao ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Tin Tin Kao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Confucian Culture ◽  
Chinese Calligraphy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past

Our research in the past 40 years has identified beneficial effects of Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) practice on visual attention, cognitive activation, physiological slowdown, emotional relaxation and behavioural change. We hypothesised that these outcomes may constitute a compressive set of foundations which could impact several traits of Chinese personality within the context of Confucian culture and values. Here, we give a brief overview of the background of CCH and its effect in the cognitive, physiological and bio-emotional domains. We then provide empirical evidence showing strong association of CCH and personality traits and discuss the results in the contexts of calligraphy practice and Confucian literati personality, Confucianism and Chinese personalities as well as calligraphy writing and tool-using psychological theory.

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