Policing in divided societies: Officer inclusion, citizen cooperation, and crime prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-604
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Nanes
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Domestic Security

How does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies? Police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate resources efficiently. Where conflict along identity lines erodes trust between citizens and the state, the police face difficulty obtaining information, hindering their ability to provide public safety. I argue that inclusiveness in the police rank-and-file addresses this problem by fostering cooperation from previously excluded segments of society. I test this argument in Israel and its conflict between the Jewish majority and non-Jewish minority. First, a survey of 804 Israeli citizens shows that non-Jews who perceive the police as more inclusive are more willing to provide the police with information. I then use original panel data on police officer demographics at every police station in Israel over a six year period to show that increases in police inclusiveness are associated with decreases in crime.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY POLICING: WHAT DOES THE MODEL IMPLEMENTED IN A CITY IN THE AGRESTE OF ALAGOAS REVEAL ABOUT PUBLIC SAFETY?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Djaíse Rodrigues Cabral ◽  
José Rodolfo Tenório Lima ◽  
Milka Alves Correia Barbosa ◽  
Lyzandra Marthyelly Cavalcante Silva
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Field Research ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The City

The research addresses the community policing developed at the Brisa do Lago Police Base, located in the city of Arapiraca - Alagoas. Assuming that public safety is a responsibility of all (State and society), Community Policing emerges as a philosophy in which the population and the police work together to identify and seek solutions to solve community problems, with essentially preventive actions. The main objective of the study was to describe how community policing was developed by the Brisa do Lago Police Station in the period from 2012 to 2016. For this purpose, case study was adopted as a method and data was collected using an instrument for a field research which included the visits to the 3rd Military Police Battalion, to the Arapiraca City Hall and to the Brisa do Lago Set, as well as interviews with residents, police officers and community leaders who interacted directly and indirectly at the Base. As the results it was evidenced that the low effective to cover the entire area of the city of Arapiraca was determinant for the closure of the Base, as also the high turnover of police officers and the non-compliance with the guidelines established by the community policing model. Regarding community policing, it was possible to observe that its philosophy was not effectively implemented in that community, being essential a preparation of all the agents involved in this process.

scholarly journals National Police of Ukraine as a Party to a Police Service Contract

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
S. V. Vereitin
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Police Agency ◽  
Police Service ◽  
Service Contract ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Police

Scientific approaches to determining the legal status of the employer in labor relations have been studied considered. The author has studied the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, which determine the identity of the employer and his authority to enter into a police service contract. It has been noted that the state is the employer in labor legal relations of police officers. However, employer powers in accordance with Part 1 of the Art. 63 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” are delegated from the state to the National Police of Ukraine. Employer powers are directly exercised by the head of the police agency granting the right to accept and dismiss from the police. This person, on the one hand, is a representative of the employer, on the other hand – an employee. It has been stated that the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, defining the identity of the employer in the labor legal relations of police officers, did not enshrine the labor rights and responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine as an employer. It is recommended to clearly define the list of labor rights and responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine as an employer in the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. The following groups of labor rights of the National Police of Ukraine should be envisaged: 1) the right to select on the position of a police officer; 2) the right to accept, transfer and dismiss from the police; 3) the right to demand from the police officer to perform his / her functional duties; 4) the right to organize and manage the service; 5) the right to apply incentives; 6) the right to compensation ин police officers for the damage caused to the property of the police agency as a result of the violation of their functional duties by police officers. It is also necessary to consolidate the following groups of labor responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine: 1) ещ provide the police щаашсук with work that meets the job descriptions and functional responsibilities of the relevant position; 2) ещ create appropriate service conditions necessary for the performance of functional duties; 3) to ensure proper rest of police officerі; 4) to provide timely financial support to police officerі and in the full extent; 5) to provide social protection for police officers; 6) to ensure the protection of the life and health of police officers, the life and health of family members, as well as their property.

CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED BY THE POLICE IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC SAFETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ ŚWIERCZEWSKI ◽  
ŁUKASZ KACPROWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Police ◽  
The People ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
National Police

The aim of this article is to indicate basic and necessary police activities related to crime prevention programmes. Thanks to these programmes and close cooperation of the state and police authorities with the people, public trust can be built and, at the same time, the effectiveness in preventing various criminal acts can be increased. The article has been based on the data obtained from the National Police Headquarters and crime prevention activities that have been already implemented, or are still being implemented by the Metropolitan Police Headquarters.

Law Enforcement Agent Defendants and Prosecutors

2021 ◽  
pp. 496-512
Author(s):  
Stephen Rushin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Criminal Conduct

This chapter considers the unique challenges that prosecutors face in investigating and charging police officers suspected of criminal misconduct. This topic has taken on new importance in the wake of the events in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014. Modern prosecutors often face intense public pressure to hold police officers accountable for wrongdoing. Despite this pressure, a number of recent studies have found that prosecutors rarely pursue criminal charges against police officers. And when they do pursue criminal charges, prosecutors are less successful in securing convictions against police officers relative to other similarly situated criminal defendants. This chapter examines the causes of and solutions to this problem. The first part of this chapter explores some of the possible reasons for the lack of success in prosecuting law enforcement agent defendants, both at the state and federal level. Some have argued that prosecutors face irreconcilable conflicts of interest in cases involve police officer defendants, while others have noted a number of institutional barriers that prevent the criminal charging and conviction of police officers. The second part of this chapter summarizes some of the most compelling normative recommendations made by prior scholars to improve the investigation and prosecution of criminal conduct by police officers.

scholarly journals Police Officers as Victims

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Osman Isfen ◽  
Regina E Rauxloh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
The Status

While there is plenty of research into crime committed by police officers, surprisingly little debate can be found regarding the situation where a police officer becomes a victim. This is remarkable as the police not only embody criminal law enforcement but also epitomise state power. Based on a comparative study, this article examines how criminal law in England and Germany deals with attacks against police officers through separate criminal offences as well as increased sentences. The authors examine how the use of criminal law reflects on the state’s perception and valuation of the role of the police officer. It will be shown that while in England there is the clear understanding that the status of the victim as police officer has an aggravating effect, Germany strongly opposes the idea that the office-holder deserves more protection than ordinary citizens. On the contrary, the law takes in consideration that the offender finds him- or herself in a vulnerable situation when faced with the power of the state.

scholarly journals GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PROVIDING PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR POLICE OFFICERS WHO USED FIREARMS TO ELIMINATE A PERSON CAUGHT WHILE COMMITTING SERIOUS OR VERY SERIOUS CRIME AND ATTEMPTED TO ESCAPE

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7(35)) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Tsilmak O. ◽  
Dorova O.
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological Test ◽  
Psychological Help ◽  
Mental Depression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Psychological Assistance

In the article the authors describe the peculiarities of providing professional psychological assistance for a police officer who used firearms during the detention of a person caught while committing serious or very serious crime and attempted to escape. It is noted that the fact of the use of firearms for eliminating of a person is a serious psychological test for the police. The authors stressed out the main tasks and rules for providing psychological help to the police. The emotional, cognitive, volitional and physiological conditions experienced by the police after the use of weapons, are classified and specified. There are described some features of providing of psychological help to a policeman who used firearms, in certain phases of the development of a negative mental state.It was emphasized that psychological assistance, provided in time, to a policeman after using firearms to neutralize a person caught while committing serious or very serious crime and who tried to escape, will contribute to reduce the level of nervous-psychic tension, the state of mental depression and faster recovery from disability.

Twenty-Five Years after Sa-I-Gu: Multiracial Politics in Times of Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Chang ◽  
Daniel Martinez HoSang ◽  
Soya Jung ◽  
Chandan Reddy ◽  
Alex Tom
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The State ◽  
Racial Capitalism

We chose to frame this conversation in terms of crisis: not only the state of permanent crisis created by racial capitalism and settler colonialism but also specific flashpoints like Sa-I-Gu [the Korean term for the April 1992 uprising in Los Angeles after the acquittal of the police officers involved in the Rodney King beating]. We want to look at the conditions surrounding these flashpoints and the responses to them that then shaped race consciousness and politics subsequently. Today we have no shortage of crisis, no shortage of flashpoints. And yet there is hope. Perhaps more than at any other time in my lifetime, there are opportunities to shift mass culture, at the very least to popularize and normalize a slightly more critical consciousness. So now I want to turn to my friends here to talk about crisis and multiracial politics. We’ll start with Sa-I-Gu and work forward to this moment and also to future possibilities.

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanie du Toit
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
African History ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Forward Looking

Reading South African history through the lens of interdependence helps explain the disappointment that many South Africans feel in relation to reconciliation. While they are justified in feeling let down, owing to rising inequality and social exclusion, it is wrong to blame Mandela’s strategy of just interdependence because it was abandoned too early. In seeking to overcome oppression, reconciliation is forward-looking and predicated on rebuilding relationships in divided societies. Dealing with a violent past is valuable when striving for a more just future. Reconciliation fosters just, inclusive, and fair societies and is locally owned and driven. A progressive approach to reconciliation is also needed. Reconciliation recognizes the inherent interdependence between citizens themselves, and between citizens and the state. These relationships are progressively re-established in more just ways. In so doing, it helps to create conditions in which social goods such as forgiveness, the rule of law, or democracy become possible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document