Polybrominated Biphenyl Exposure and Human Cancer: Report of a Case and Public Health Implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette D. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyl

This is a human case report of documented exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), with serial PBB determinations, obtained over an 11 year period, and signs and symptoms characteristic of PBB exposure, culminating in cancer. No epidemiological studies of PBB and cancer are available, but structure- activity relationships and animal studies were predictive of malignancy. The patient did not have the risk factors of alcoholism or cigarette smoking.

P4402Effect of carnitine supplementation on progression of carotid plaque in the metabolic syndrome: the ECoM study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johri ◽  
M F Hetu ◽  
D K Heyland ◽  
J E Herr ◽  
P Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elevated Glucose

Abstract Background/Introduction L-carnitine (L-C) has been investigated as a potential therapy for cardiovascular (CV) disease, but its direct effects on human atherosclerosis are unknown. Epidemiological studies suggest a possible reduction of CV risk factors following treatment, whereas animal studies have shown that L-C may increase pro-atherogenic metabolites. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether L-C therapy led to atherosclerosis progression or regression by direct quantification of carotid atherosclerotic lesions in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This study was a Phase 2, prospective, parallel, double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-center trial. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation harmonized definition, where presence of any 3 of the 5 following risk factors constituted a diagnosis: elevated waist circumference; elevated triglycerides; reduced HDL or treated; elevated blood pressure or treated; elevated glucose or HbA1c or treated. Participants with a baseline carotid total plaque volume (TPV) ≥50 mm3 were randomized to placebo or 2 g L-C daily for 6 months. Plaque progression was quantified by 3D carotid ultrasound for change in TPV and reduction in vessel lumen area (% area stenosis, Fig. 1). Absolute differences were assessed on the raw scale, while percent change on the log scale. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess within- and between-arm differences. Results Of the 177 participants randomized, 157 completed the study (L-C n=76, placebo n=81). No statistically significant difference between arms was found in the primary outcome (TPV). However, there was progression of plaque stenosis in the treatment arm: the L-C group had an increase in stenosis of 9.8% (p=0.01) higher than the placebo arm, and a 2.7% (p=0.03) greater absolute change. Total cholesterol and LDL levels (0.10 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L, respectively) were higher in the intervention arm compared to the placebo arm (−0.06 mmol/L and −0.07 mmol/L). Figure 1 Conclusions We observed progression of atherosclerosis with L-C therapy compared to placebo in patients with MetS. The clear lack of benefit of L-C therapy in this population raises serious concerns for its further use as a potential therapy. Given its association with pro-atherogenic metabolites our study offers further understanding of the atherosclerotic process. Acknowledgement/Funding Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

scholarly journals ESSE-RF study: epidemiology and public health promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
A. V. Kontsevaya ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Related Risk

The largest population-based study in Russian modern history the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) for 8 years has become a platform for public health research and projects, relevant for the whole country. Results of the ESSE-RF study were used to identify Demography National Project parameters, to model mortality and morbidity risk at the population level, to estimate the economic burden of risk factors, to predict the economic effect of population prevention measures, to assess the feasibility of using novel biomarkers for risk stratification, as well as for external evaluation of health care system. Further, results can be used to develop a novel cardiovascular risk score, to analyze COVID-19-related risk factors, and to study health protection environment. Epidemiological studies ESSE-RF1 and ESSE-RF2 have already become a significant component of public health system in Russia, and taking into account the scope of the ESSE-RF3 study (30 regions), the role of epidemiology will increase.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge of Rift Valley Fever among Somali nomadic pastoralists and its implications on public health delivery approaches in Ijara sub-County, North Eastern Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009166
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Otieno Muga ◽  
Washington Onyango-Ouma ◽  
Rosemary Sang ◽  
Hippolyte Affognon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease whose outbreak results in heavy economic and public health burdens. In East Africa, RVF is mainly experienced in arid and semi-arid areas predominantly inhabited by the pastoralists. These areas experience sudden, dramatic epidemics of the disease at intervals of approximately 10 years, associated with widespread flooding and the resultant swarms of mosquitoes. Pastoralists’ indigenous knowledge and experience of RVF is critical for public health interventions targeting prevention and control of RVF. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design combining both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A total of 204 respondents participated in questionnaire survey and 15 key informants and 4 focus group discussions were interviewed and conducted respectively. In addition, secondary data mainly journal publications, books, policy documents and research reports from conferences and government departments were reviewed. Findings indicated that the Somali pastoralists possess immense knowledge of RVF including signs and symptoms, risk factors, and risk pathways associated with RVF. Ninety eight percent (98%) of respondents identified signs and symptoms such as bloody nose, diarrhea, foul smell and discharge of blood from the orifices which are consistent with RVF. Heavy rains and floods (85%) and sudden emergence of mosquito swarms (91%) were also cited as the major RVF risk factors while mosquito bites (85%), drinking raw milk and blood (78%) and contact with animal fluids during mobility, slaughter and obstetric procedures (77%) were mentioned as the RVF entry risk pathways. Despite this immense knowledge, the study found that the pastoralists did not translate the knowledge into safer health practices because of the deep-seated socio-cultural practices associated with pastoralist production system and religious beliefs. On top of these practices, food preparation and consumption practices such as drinking raw blood and milk and animal ritual sacrifices continue to account for most of the mortality and morbidity cases experienced in humans and animals during RVF outbreaks. This article concludes that pastoralists’ indigenous knowledge on RVF has implications on public health delivery approaches. Since the pastoralists’ knowledge on RVF was definitive, integrating the community into early warning systems through training on reporting mechanisms and empowering the nomads to use their mobile phone devices to report observable changes in their livestock and environment could prove very effective in providing information for timely mobilization of public health responses. Public health advocacy based on targeted and contextually appropriate health messaging and disseminated through popular communication channels in the community such as the religious leaders and local radio stations would also be needed to reverse the drivers of RVF occurrence in the study area.

scholarly journals Is dementia preventable?

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Dementia Prevention

Dementia is an important public health problem of increasing magnitude. At present, available therapies provide only minor and temporary relief, and attempts to find a cure have so far failed. Epidemiological studies have identified risk factors for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In principle, these findings provide an opportunity to intervene and prevent the dementia epidemic. Attention to nongenetic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and obesity may thus not only prevent cardiovascular disease but also dementia, although it is difficult to prove the efficacy of these measures for dementia prevention.

The Musculoskeletal Difficulties in Dental Professionals

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Lívia Maria Dos Santos Landim ◽  
Jéssica Mariano Uchôa Lopes ◽  
Gledson Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Sidney Medeiros de Oliveira ◽  
Anny Caroline Costa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
The City ◽  
Dental Professionals

The appearance of musculoskeletal symptoms in dental professionals is increasing worldwide. In Brazil, has already begun acquires expressive and socially relevant numbers. Since the 80's, it has become a problem of public health and social, because of their scope and magnitude. These professionals are constantly subjected to a number of risks for the appearance of injuries attributed to their work. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms in musculoskeletal dental professionals in the city of Barbalha- Ceará, Brasil. This is a quantitative field study, with 25 dentists. The instrument was the Nordic questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptoms and another for verification of professional knowledge about MDRW (Musculoskeletal disorders related to work). The results were worrying because some work more than one shift, and 40% of them showed signs and musculoskeletal symptoms. The superior limbs seemed more affected and 36% was in column dorsal, lumbar and lower limbs. With regard to the procedure with a higher rate of pain, was extracted. For the pathologies, the tendonitis was the most diagnosed. It was concluded that the dental surgeons in Barbalha- Ceará, Brasil,  seemed very exposed to risk factors, with respect to the emergence of MDRW.                                          Keywords: MDRW, musculoskeletal, symptoms, pain.

scholarly journals The Concept of the Risk Environment and Risk Factors in the Social-Epidemiological Studies of Public Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Bojan Žikić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Hiv Aids

Rhodes’ concept of the risk environment became the dominant heuristic tool in the social epidemiological studies of issues connected to HIV/AIDS and HCV in the decade after the publication of the first theoretical paper (2002) on the concept. Even though the concept of risk environment has been widely utilized in a number of papers on the issue, it has not been theoretically expanded on – there has been no clearer highlighting of risk factors – a key part of the concept – not has it been expanded in order to be applicable to a wider range of public health topics, with an accent on vulnerability, marginality and marginalization, which is the topic and aim of this paper.

scholarly journals The Role of Wine in Modulating Inflammatory Processes: A Review

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Chiara Di Lorenzo ◽  
Creina Stockley ◽  
Francesca Colombo ◽  
Simone Biella ◽  
Francesca Orgiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Health Promoting

Several epidemiological studies associated the consumption of wine with the reduction of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, as well as for diabetes. These conditions are characterized by inflammatory mechanisms in addition to other biological mechanisms. Acute and chronic inflammation is mediated by a plethora of biomarkers production and pathway activation. Since the health promoting properties of wine in different pathological conditions may include the reduction of inflammation, the aim of this paper was to collect and review the in vitro, in vivo, and human studies performed to evaluate the effects of wine on different models of inflammation. Although great variability in wine intake, period of consumption, and content of phenolic compounds was observed, data from both human and animal studies showed a positive modulation of inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines, coagulation parameters) and oxidative stress (mainly malondialdehyde) involved in cardiovascular function. In addition, some convincing evidence was obtained in different models suggesting a positive modulation of risk factors for gastric and intestinal inflammation. Contradictory results were obtained for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. To date, no significant paper has been published in the area of immune function. Integrating in vivo data and in vitro studies, the NF-κB pathway has been identified as a critical target for the protective properties of a moderate wine consumption.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

NEONATAL SEPSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS: STUDY IN AVBRH HOSPITAL SAWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod P. Singhavi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Introduction: India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis i.e.17,000/ 1,00,000 live births. In Neonatal sepsis septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis and urinary tract infections can be included. Mortality in the neonatal period each year account for 41% (3.6 million) of all deaths in children under 5 years and most of these deaths occur in low income countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infectious causes including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) Clinical features are non-specific and are inefficient for identifying neonates with early-onset sepsis. Culture results take up to 48 hours and may give false-positive or low-yield results because of the antenatal antibiotic exposure. Reviews of risk factors has been used globally to guide the development of management guidelines for neonatal sepsis, and it is similarly recommended that such evidence be used to inform guideline development for management of neonatal sepsis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out using institution based cross section study . The total number neonates admitted in the hospital in given study period was 644, of which 234 were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the treating pediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. The data was collected: Sociodemographic characteristics; maternal information; and neonatal information for neonatal sepsis like neonatal age on admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, crying immediately at birth, and resuscitation at birth. Results: Out of 644 neonates admitted 234 (36.34%) were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the paediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. Of the 234 neonates, 189 (80.77%) infants were in the age range of 0 to 7 days (Early onset sepsis) while 45 (19.23%) were aged between 8 and 28 days (Late onset sepsis). Male to female ratio in our study was 53.8% and 46% respectively. Out of total 126 male neonates 91(72.2%) were having early onset sepsis while 35 (27.8%) were late onset type. Out of total 108 female neonates 89(82.4%) were having early onset sepsis while 19 (17.6%) were late onset type. Maternal risk factors were identified in 103(57.2%) of early onset sepsis cases while in late onset sepsis cases were 11(20.4%). Foul smelling liquor in early onset sepsis and in late onset sepsis was 10(5.56%) and 2 (3.70%) respectively. In early onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 21(11.67%), 19 (10.56%), 20(11.11%) and 33 (18.33%) cases respectively. In late onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 2 (3.70%), 1(1.85%), 3 (5.56%) and 3 (5.56%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Maternal risk identification may help in the early identification and empirical antibiotic treatment in neonatal sepsis and thus mortality and morbidity can be reduced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document