scholarly journals The Concept of the Risk Environment and Risk Factors in the Social-Epidemiological Studies of Public Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Bojan Žikić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Hiv Aids

Rhodes’ concept of the risk environment became the dominant heuristic tool in the social epidemiological studies of issues connected to HIV/AIDS and HCV in the decade after the publication of the first theoretical paper (2002) on the concept. Even though the concept of risk environment has been widely utilized in a number of papers on the issue, it has not been theoretically expanded on – there has been no clearer highlighting of risk factors – a key part of the concept – not has it been expanded in order to be applicable to a wider range of public health topics, with an accent on vulnerability, marginality and marginalization, which is the topic and aim of this paper.

Stopping of the Downtrend of Tuberculosis in Iran, a Systematic Review of Associated Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Fadaee ◽  
Jalil Rashedi ◽  
Sepideh Arabi ◽  
Behroz Mahdavi Poor ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Hiv Aids

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem in developing countries. In recent decades, the incidence of the disease has been gradually reducing in Iran. However, the reducing incidence of the disease has stopped in the country during recent years. It could be due to an increase in immigration, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and the prevalence of drug-resistant strains. In order to prevent the spread of TB cases and control this disease, it is essential to identify the predisposing factors, which may be related to bacteria, host and environment. The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate the role of potentially effective factors in the increase in TB cases in the country. The epidemiological studies that had considered the risk factors for the development of TB in populations from different regions of Iran were reviewed systematically from the beginning of 2007 to the end of June 2017 in electronic databases. Upon evaluation of the literature, these 7 major risk factors were identified in twenty-five eligible studies, including poor living conditions, drug abuse, HIV/AIDS, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), diabetes, migration, and smoking. In conclusion, the increase in predisposing risk factors for catching TB, especially the migration and Beijing strain, shows that in the absence of accurate monitoring, TB cases will increase in the near future in Iran.

Influence of social determinants on health and well-being of children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (213-214) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Dariya Doskabulova ◽  
◽  
Arstan Mamyrbaev ◽  
Artashes Tadevosyan ◽  
Aiman Kaldybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The formation of the health of adolescent children is carried out under the influence of many risk factors, including non-medical determinants: lifestyle, socio-economic, household factors and living conditions. Conducting epidemiological studies to identify the leading risk factors for the lifestyle and quality of life of adolescents is currently consistent with the basic directions of development of preventive medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature data, leading factors, the impact of social determinants on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The choice of publications was made according to keywords that reflected between the indicators of the health of children and adolescents and the factors that influence them. Assessment of the influence of social determinants on the health of children and adolescents made it possible to prepare comprehensive measures to improve the health and health of children and adolescents. Conclusions. In the literature review, the social conditions studied have a decisive influence on the formation of the lifestyle, health and well-being of children and adolescents. Keywords: сhildren, adolescents, social determinant.

scholarly journals ESSE-RF study: epidemiology and public health promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
A. V. Kontsevaya ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Related Risk

The largest population-based study in Russian modern history the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) for 8 years has become a platform for public health research and projects, relevant for the whole country. Results of the ESSE-RF study were used to identify Demography National Project parameters, to model mortality and morbidity risk at the population level, to estimate the economic burden of risk factors, to predict the economic effect of population prevention measures, to assess the feasibility of using novel biomarkers for risk stratification, as well as for external evaluation of health care system. Further, results can be used to develop a novel cardiovascular risk score, to analyze COVID-19-related risk factors, and to study health protection environment. Epidemiological studies ESSE-RF1 and ESSE-RF2 have already become a significant component of public health system in Russia, and taking into account the scope of the ESSE-RF3 study (30 regions), the role of epidemiology will increase.

scholarly journals Other Statistical Lives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10369
Author(s):  
Max A. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Risk Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs ◽  
Statistical Risk

While recent scholarship has considered how algorithmic risk assessment is both shaped by and impacts social inequity, public health has not adequately considered the ways that statistical risk functions in the social world. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data collected in interpersonal violence prevention programs, this manuscript theorizes three “other lives” of statistically produced risk factors: the past lives of risk factors as quantifiable lived experience, the professional lives of risk as a practical vocabulary shaping social interactions, and the missing lives of risk as a meaningful social category for those marked as at risk. The manuscript considers how understanding these other lives of statistical risk can help public health scholars better understand barriers to social equity.

scholarly journals Is dementia preventable?

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Dementia Prevention

Dementia is an important public health problem of increasing magnitude. At present, available therapies provide only minor and temporary relief, and attempts to find a cure have so far failed. Epidemiological studies have identified risk factors for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In principle, these findings provide an opportunity to intervene and prevent the dementia epidemic. Attention to nongenetic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and obesity may thus not only prevent cardiovascular disease but also dementia, although it is difficult to prove the efficacy of these measures for dementia prevention.

Interpersonal Gun Violence Research in the Social Work Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Roberto R Aspholm ◽  
Christopher St Vil ◽  
Kimberly A E Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Analytic Treatment ◽  
The Social

Abstract Interpersonal gun violence remains a major public health issue in the United States and beyond. This article explores the research on interpersonal gun violence published in peer-reviewed social work journals since the mid-1990s. Findings from this review indicate that the existing scholarship offers some important insights into this topic, particularly related to risk factors for and the effects of exposure to gun violence. These findings, however, also point to some shortcomings in the literature, including problems with the measurement and analytic treatment of exposure to gun violence and a lack of research with direct victims and perpetrators of gun violence. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Social and structural determinants of injecting-related bacterial and fungal infections among people who inject drugs: protocol for a mixed studies systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049924
Author(s):  
Thomas D Brothers ◽  
Dan Lewer ◽  
Matthew Bonn ◽  
Duncan Webster ◽  
Magdalena Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural

IntroductionInjecting-related bacterial and fungal infections are a common complication among people who inject drugs (PWID), associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Invasive infections, including infective endocarditis, appear to be increasing in incidence. To date, preventive efforts have focused on modifying individual-level risk behaviours (eg, hand-washing and skin-cleaning) without much success in reducing the population-level impact of these infections. Learning from successes in HIV prevention, there may be great value in looking beyond individual-level risk behaviours to the social determinants of health. Specifically, the risk environment conceptual framework identifies how social, physical, economic and political environmental factors facilitate and constrain individual behaviour, and therefore influence health outcomes. Understanding the social and structural determinants of injecting-related bacterial and fungal infections could help to identify new targets for prevention efforts in the face of increasing incidence of severe disease.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a systematic review. We will review studies of PWID and investigate associations between risk factors (both individual-level and social/structural-level) and the incidence of hospitalisation or death due to injecting-related bacterial infections (skin and soft-tissue infections, bacteraemia, infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, epidural abscess and others). We will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Using directed content analysis, we will code risk factors for these infection-related outcomes according to their contributions to the risk environment in type (social, physical, economic or political) and level (microenvironmental or macroenvironmental). We will also code and present risk factors at each stage in the process of drug acquisition, preparation, injection, superficial infection care, severe infection care or hospitalisation, and outcomes after infection or hospital discharge.Ethics and disseminationAs an analysis of the published literature, no ethics approval is required. The findings will inform a research agenda to develop and implement social/structural interventions aimed at reducing the burden of disease.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021231411.

scholarly journals The Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Luluk Rosida ◽  
Intan Mutiara Putri ◽  
Komarudin Komarudin ◽  
Nurbita Fajarini ◽  
Endang Koni Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Social ◽  
Review Study

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic had brought unexpected challenges in all sectors of life, from the social, economic to health sectors, particularly public health. One of the most worrying effects of Covid-19 is the increase in cases of domestic violence. Aim : This scoping review was to determine trends in domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic and strategies for handling it   Method The method used in this paper is the Scoping Review study. We searched for relevant articles on 4 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and EBSco), in English, published in 2019-2021. Of the 434 articles identified, there were 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria.   Result There were 6 themes we got related to domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely: 1) The number of cases of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) Risk factors for domestic violence; 3) Victims and perpetrators of domestic violence; 4) Types of domestic violence; 5) Impact of domestic violence; 6) Strategies for handling domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic.   Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on domestic violence cases, where the majority of victims were women and most of whom experienced recurrent domestic violence. The majority of the articles in this scoping review were quantitative research, we recommend that future research can be examined deeper into the understanding, experiences and needs of victims and perpetrators of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic including the roles of cross-sectors and obstacles experienced in handling domestic violence in the future. the covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are expected to provide input in making policies related to the prevention and reduction of domestic violence cases during the Covid-19 pandemic.  

Polybrominated Biphenyl Exposure and Human Cancer: Report of a Case and Public Health Implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette D. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyl

This is a human case report of documented exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), with serial PBB determinations, obtained over an 11 year period, and signs and symptoms characteristic of PBB exposure, culminating in cancer. No epidemiological studies of PBB and cancer are available, but structure- activity relationships and animal studies were predictive of malignancy. The patient did not have the risk factors of alcoholism or cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of HIV patients attending ART centre in rural Western Maharashtra, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant D Deshpande ◽  
Purushottam A Giri ◽  
Deepak B Phalke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV infection represents a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries as it has grown to pandemic proportions worldwide. Spectrum of clinical presentation of HIV can vary with geographical distribu-tion, socioeconomic and cultural environment. The aim of this study was to examine the socio-demographic charac-teristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and the possible risk factors for ac-quiring HIV infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to September, 2011 at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a rural tertiary care hospital, situated in Maharashtra state of India. History and physical examination was done and recorded on a pre-designed schedule which included the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients. More than half of the subjects were in economically productive age group and male patients 166 (53.4%) outnumbered the female patients 145 (46.6%). There was a predominance of patients from rural loca-tions nearby the present ART centre. The patients were having low level of literacy and were from the lower middle and lower socio-economic classes. Among the spouses of male patients, 65 (44.8%) were HIV positive and among the spouses of female patients, 52 (35.7%) were HIV positive. Commonest mode of acquiring the infection was through heterosexual contact. Tuberculosis (62%) was the most common opportunistic infection. As per the WHO staging, 132 (42.5%) patients were in stage 3. Combination of behavioral risk factors and unawareness is responsi-ble for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. People with high-risk behavior and spouses of affected patients need to be edu-cated for primary and secondary prevention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15938 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 16-21

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