Social Jetlag Among Night Workers is Negatively Associated with the Frequency of Moderate or Vigorous Physical Activity and with Energy Expenditure Related to Physical Activity

This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between physical activity (PA) and social jetlag (SJL) among shift workers. We evaluated 423 employees, aged between 18 and 60 years, who worked in a poultry-processing company in Brazil. Physical activity levels (PAL) were determined by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). SJL was calculated as the absolute difference between the time of mid-sleep on work and free days. The percentage of workers insufficiently active was high on all shifts, with no significant differences between the 3 shifts. The amount of time spent in sedentary behavior on workdays did not differ between shifts. Among night-shift workers, negative associations were observed between SJL and 1) the duration and weekly energy expenditure while walking; 2) the frequency of moderate and vigorous PA; and 3) the total energy expenditure related to PA. Even though PAL did not differ among workers on different shifts, we found a high prevalence of subjects who were insufficiently active or too sedentary among all groups. Also, SJL was negatively associated with PA in night-shift workers. These results suggest that PA should be encouraged among shift workers and that SJL may be an important factor in reducing PA in this cohort.

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Association of dietary patterns and body phenotypes in Brazilian adolescents

10.1101/2021.05.14.21257150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi ◽

Wolney LIsboa Conde ◽

Carla Cristina Enes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Association ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Using Data ◽

Fresh Foods

Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and physical activity and body phenotypes in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from a school-based study with 1,022 Brazilian adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Body phenotypes (BP) and dietary patterns (DP) were defined using principal components analysis. BP was defined using anthropometric, body composition, biochemical, and sexual maturation, and DP from 19 food groups categorized from a food frequency questionnaire containing 58 food items. We performed a scatter plot to describe the relationship between energy expenditure assessed by MET and BP scores. The association between DP and BP, adjusted by sex, age and socioeconomic status, was assessed by linear regression model. Results: We identified five BP (BP1adiposity, BP2puberty, BP3biochemical, BP4muscular, BP5lipids_biochemical) and five DP (DP1ultraprocessed_foods, DP2fresh_foods, DP3bread_rice_beans, DP4culinary_preparation, DP5cakes_rice_beans). There are higher scores of BP_adiposity for obese adolescents, but energy expenditure was similar for obese and non-obese. Physical activity was positively associated with body mass index, BP_adiposity and BP_puberty. We observed negative association between DP_ultraprocessed and BMI, and a positive between DP_fresh_foods. DP_fresh_foods was positively associated with BP_adiposity; DP_ultraprocessed and DP_culinary_preparation were negatively associated with this BP. BP_biochemical was negatively associated with DP_fresh_foods. Conclusion: We identified negative association between DP mainly composed by ultraprocessed foods and fresh foods and BPadiposity. These associations need to be more explored, especially in adolescents, because both DP and BP were defined using multivariate analysis.

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Physical Activity Levels and Related Energy Expenditure during COVID-19 Quarantine among the Sicilian Active Population: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4356 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Valerio Giustino ◽

Anna Maria Parroco ◽

Antonio Gennaro ◽

Giuseppe Musumeci ◽

Antonio Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Online Survey ◽

Short Form ◽

The Elderly ◽

Survey Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Significant Difference

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Italian government has adopted containment measures to control the virus’s spread, including limitations to the practice of physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of PA, expressed as energy expenditure (MET–minute/week), among the physically active Sicilian population before and during the last seven days of the COVID-19 quarantine. Furthermore, the relation between this parameter and specific demographic and anthropometric variables was analyzed. Methods: 802 Sicilian physically active participants (mean age: 32.27 ± 12.81 years; BMI: 23.44 ± 3.33 kg/m2) were included in the study and grouped based on gender, age and BMI. An adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—short form (IPAQ-SF) was administered to the participants through an online survey. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test were used for statistical analyses. Results: As expected, we observed a significant decrease of the total weekly energy expenditure during the COVID-19 quarantine (p < 0.001). A significant variation in the MET–min/wk in the before quarantine condition (p = 0.046) and in the difference between before and during quarantine (p = 0.009) was found for males and females. The male group decreased the PA level more than the female one. Moreover, a significant difference in the MET–min/wk was found among groups distributions of BMI (p < 0.001, during quarantine) and of age (p < 0.001, both before and during quarantine). In particular, the highest and the lowest levels of PA were reported by the young and the elderly, respectively, both before and during quarantine. Finally, the overweight group showed the lowest level of PA during quarantine. Conclusion: Based on our outcomes, we can determine that the current quarantine has negatively affected the practice of PA, with greater impacts among males and overweight subjects. In regards to different age groups, the young, young adults and adults were more affected than senior adults and the elderly.

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3358 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gallardo-Alfaro ◽

Bibiloni ◽

Mateos ◽

Ugarriza ◽

Tur

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 which may be reduced by practicing regular physical activity. Objective: To assess the leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of older adults with MetS and without MetS. Methods: Cross-sectional study of older adults (55–80 years old) from Balearic Islands (Spain) with MetS (n = 333; 55% men) and without MetS (n = 144; 43.8% men). LTPA was assessed with the validated Spanish version of the Minnesota LTPA Questionnaire. Two criteria of physically active were used: >150 min/week of moderate physical activity or >75 min/week of vigorous physical activity or a combination of both, and total leisure-time energy expenditure of >300 MET·min/day. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric variables, MetS components, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) were also measured. Results: MetS subjects showed lower energy expenditure in LTPA, lower adherence to the MD, higher obesity and waist circumference, and were less active than non-MetS peers. LTPA increased as participants got older and there was higher LTPA intensity as educational level increased. Adherence to MD was as high as LTPA was. Conclusions: MetS is associated with physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. To increase LTPA recommendations and raise awareness in the population about the health benefits of PA and high adherence to MD is highly recommended.

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Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the United States: comparisons from two cross-sectional surveys

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21237/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shaun Scholes ◽

Jennifer S Mindell

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Low Income ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

The United States ◽

Active Travel ◽

High Income ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Us ◽

Low Income Households

Abstract Background: Inequalities in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) may reflect differences in the propensity to do any, the amount of time spent active, or both. Using self-reported data from 4019 adolescents aged 11-15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12-17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-16) we examined inequalities in MVPA.Methods: Hurdle models estimated inequalities by household income in three aspects: (1) doing any, (2) average minutes/day (MVPA: including those who did none), and (3) average minutes/day conditional on participation (MVPA-active). Inequalities after confounder adjustment (average marginal effects: AMEs) were quantified by computing the absolute difference in marginal means (low-income households as reference).Results: In England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last seven days (AMEs boys: 11%; 95% CI: 4, 17; girls: 13%; 6, 20); girls in high-income households spent more time being active than their low-income counterparts (AME formal MVPA: 6 minutes/day, 95% CI: 2, 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households did (AME informal MVPA: 21 minutes/day; 95% CI: 10, 33), whilst boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (AME active travel MVPA: 21 minutes/week; 95% CI: 8, 34). In the US, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (AMEs recreational boys: 15 minutes/day; 95% CI: 6, 24; girls: 19 minutes/day; 95% CI: 12, 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (AMEs boys: 11%; 95% CI: 3, 19; girls: 10%; 95% CI: 3, 17) and spend more time engaged. Conclusions: Policy actions and interventions are required to increase levels of MVPA across all income groups in England and the US. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (US) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to move adolescents in low-income households from inactivity to activity, and to enable those already active to do more.

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Long-Term Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Norwegian Men and Women

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0390 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1500-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽

Ulf Ekelund ◽

Ingar M. Holme ◽

Sidsel Graff-Iversen ◽

Jostein Steene-Johannessen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Background:Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), perceived health and health behavior are correlates known to affect physical activity and sedentary time. However, studies have often been cross-sectional, and less is known about long-term correlates. Thus, the aims were to investigate 1) the associations between a set of characteristics (demographic, biological, psychological, and behavioral) and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time at 13-year follow-up, and 2) the association between changes in these characteristics over time and physical activity and sedentary time.Methods:Baseline characteristics were collected in 40-year-olds in 1996, and follow-up data on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time were obtained in 2009 (n = 240). Data were analyzed by multiple linear regressions.Results:Self-reported physical activity (P < .001) and improved perceived health (P = .046) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) whereas BMI (P = .034) and increased BMI (P = .014) were negatively associated with MVPA at follow-up. Women spent less time being sedentary than men (P = .019). Education (P < .001) was positively associated and improved perceived health (P = .010) was negatively associated with sedentary time at follow-up.Conclusions:MVPA and sedentary time at follow-up were associated with behavioral, biological and demographic correlates. However, the nature of our analyses prevents us from inferring causality.

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Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity attenuates the detrimental effects of television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents: the Asia-fit study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8079-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tetsuhiro Kidokoro ◽

Koya Suzuki ◽

Hisashi Naito ◽

Govindasamy Balasekaran ◽

Jong Kook Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Television Viewing ◽

Reference Group ◽

Short Form ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Asian Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asian Adolescents

Abstract Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and television viewing are independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. However, limited evidence is available on their combined effects, specifically of MVPA and watching television, on cardiorespiratory fitness in the young Asian population. Therefore, the present study examined whether MVPA can attenuate the detrimental effects of prolonged television viewing on the cardiorespiratory fitness of Asian adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study on 9553 adolescents (aged 12–15 years) from 8 Asian metropolitan cities (Tokyo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, and Singapore). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by using a 15-m progressive aerobic capacity endurance run (PACER) test. The time spent on MVPA and watching television was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Results MVPA was more closely associated with the PACER score than the duration of watching television. Compared with the reference group (i.e. those with the lowest levels of MVPA [< 30 min/day] and the most sedentary [≥3 h/day of television time]), PACER scores were significantly higher for those who met the physical activity recommendation (≥60 min/day in MVPA), regardless of the duration of television viewing. Conversely, girls in the least active group (< 30 min/day of MVPA) who watched television < 1 h/day demonstrated better PACER scores than the reference group. Conclusions Sufficient MVPA (≥60 min/day) can attenuate the detrimental effects of excessive television viewing with cardiorespiratory fitness in Asian adolescents. In addition, the duration of television viewing had significant but weaker associations with cardiorespiratory fitness compared to MVPA.

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Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the USA: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e040540

Author(s):

Shaun Scholes ◽

Jennifer S Mindell

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Low Income ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Income ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Usa ◽

Low Income Households

ObjectiveQuantify income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the USA by sex.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.Participants4019 adolescents aged 11–15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12–17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016).Main outcome measuresThree aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none) and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA active). Using hurdle models, inequalities were quantified using the absolute difference in marginal means (average marginal effects).ResultsIn England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last 7 days (boys: 11%; 95% CI 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95% CI 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6 min/day, 95% CI 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21 min/day; 95% CI 10 to 33), while boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21 min/week; 95% CI 8 to 34). In the USA, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15 min/day; 95% CI 6 to 24; girls: 19 min/day; 95% CI 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95% CI 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95% CI 3% to 17%) and do more.ConclusionsPolicy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the USA. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (USA) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.

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Understanding Vocational Students’ Motivation for Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annabelle Kuipers ◽

Gitte C. Kloek ◽

Sanne I. de Vries

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Autonomous Motivation ◽

Dietary Behaviors ◽

Vocational Students ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Different Types

Unhealthy eating behaviors and low levels of physical activity are major problems in adolescents and young adults in vocational education. To develop effective intervention programs, more research is needed to understand how different types of motivation contribute to health behaviors. In the present study, Self-Determination Theory is used to examine how motivation contributes to dietary and physical activity behaviors in vocational students. This cross-sectional study included 809 students (mean age 17.8 ± 1.9 years) attending vocational education in the Netherlands. Linear multilevel regression analyses were used to investigate the association between types of motivation and dietary and physical activity behaviors. Amotivation was negatively associated with breakfast frequency and positively associated with diet soda consumption and high-calorie between-meal snacks. A positive association was found between autonomous motivation and water intake, breakfast frequency, fruit intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with the consumption of unhealthy products. Controlled motivation was not associated with physical activity or dietary behaviors. Different types of motivation seem to explain either healthy or unhealthy dietary behaviors in vocational students. Autonomous motivation, in particular, was shown to be associated with healthy behaviors and could therefore be a valuable intervention target.

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Movement Behaviors and Mental Wellbeing: A Cross-Sectional Isotemporal Substitution Analysis of Canadian Adolescents

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.736587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Denver M. Y. Brown ◽

Matthew Y. W. Kwan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Short Form ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Self ◽

Beneficial Effects

Background: Studies have shown reallocating screen time for healthy movement behaviors such as physical activity and sleep can provide important benefits for mental health. However, the focus on positive aspects of mental health such as wellbeing has received limited attention, particularly among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reallocating physical activity, screen time, and sleep on mental wellbeing in adolescents.Methods: This study involved cross-sectional analysis of data from Wave 1 of the ADAPT study. A total of 1,118 Canadian adolescents enrolled in grade 11 classes (MAGE = 15.92; 54.5% female) self-reported their movement behaviors using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form to assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and daily recall questionnaires to assess recreational screen time and sleep. Participants also completed three measures of mental wellbeing: the Flourishing Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a brief Resiliency scale from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey.Results: Isotemporal substitution analysis revealed replacing 60 min of screen time with either moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or sleep has significant benefits for mental wellbeing. Comparatively, reallocating 60 min between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sleep does not impact mental wellbeing.Discussion: Findings suggest healthy movement behaviors confer similar beneficial effects for adolescent’s mental wellbeing. Health promotion campaigns targeted toward adolescents should consider highlighting that reallocation of screen time to either sleep or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may provide important benefits for mental wellbeing.

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Understanding vocational students' motivation for dietary and physical activity behaviours

10.21203/rs.2.20913/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Annabelle Kuipers ◽

Gitte Caroline Kloek ◽

Sanne Irene de Vries

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Autonomous Motivation ◽

Vocational Students ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated

Abstract Unhealthy eating behaviors and low levels of physical activity are a major problem in adolescents and young adults in vocational education. To develop effective intervention programs, more research is needed to understand how different types of motivation contribute to health behaviors. In the present study the Self-Determination Theory is used to examine how motivation contributes to dietary and physical activity behaviors in vocational students. This cross-sectional study included 809 students (mean age 17.8 ± 1.9 years) attending vocational education in the Netherlands. Linear multilevel regression analyses were used to investigate the association between type of motivation and dietary and physical activity behaviors. Amotivation was negatively associated with breakfast frequency and was positively associated with diet soda consumption and high calorie between-meal snacks. A positive association was found between autonomous motivation and water intake, breakfast frequency, fruit intake and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with the consumption of unhealthy products. Controlled motivation was not associated with physical activity or dietary behaviors. Type of motivation seems to partly explain dietary and physical activity behaviors in vocational students. Autonomous motivation in particular was shown to be associated with healthy behaviors and could therefore be a valuable intervention target.

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