Maritime history: A new version of the old version and the true history of the sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-402
Author(s):  
Gelina Harlaftis
Keyword(s):  
Maritime History ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networks ◽  
Maritime Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
The Impact

The article provides a new version of Frank Broeze’s definition of maritime history by putting it in a framework of a sea. It gives a critical approach to the various histories of the seas and oceans that use the sea as a setting and not as a dynamic agent of change. It argues that the true history of the sea is a maritime history that entails maritime activities: on the sea (seamen, ships, navigation, sea trade, war, piracy); around the sea (maritime communities, islands, port cities, shipping, shipping-related, fishing and touristic businesses); in the sea (fishing, maritime resources, environment); because of the sea (maritime transport systems and entrepreneurial networks, maritime empires, international and national maritime institutions and policy); and about the sea (maritime culture and heritage, the ideology, myths and poems of a sea, the impact of the sea on art).

Viewing the Contamination of Student Achievement Through the Lens of Poverty

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-209
Author(s):  
Cheryl Ann Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Role Models ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Federal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the growing number in the underserved population of school-age children and their families who live in poverty and raises awareness as to how that factor directly contaminates student achievement. It is important to understand the federal definition of poverty and the attendant unique social environment. This chapter highlights an appreciation for the history of American race relations and its role in poverty-related behavior, as well as examines the inherent biases prevalent in American communities and schools that work to restrict opportunities for underprivileged families and children. It explores the impact of changing a culture of poverty through the lens of schools and role models, subsequently understanding multidisciplinary approaches for eliminating policies that alienate and exclude the poor. It includes best practices in pedagogy, services, and support for marginalized populations that will illuminate for the practitioner how the contamination of student achievement occurs and empowers them to assist those trapped by poverty.

Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter looks at the purpose and history of the development of good clinical practice (GCP). The international conference on harmonisation (ICH) GCP is the international quality standard for conducting clinical research to ensure the rights and well-being of patients are protected and the resulting data are valid. The cornerstone of ethics in research stems from the Declaration of Helsinki and the chapter looks at the changes in the Declaration and the impact on clinical trials. The development of the ICH process is described and the E, S, Q and M guidelines are discussed, The efficacy guidelines affect the practical aspects of trials and the efficacy guideline number 6 (E6) is on GCP. The content of the E6 guidelines is reviewed including the responsibilities of ethics committees, investigator and sponsor. Documentation requirements including the Protocol and Investigator Brochure as well as all the other documents are outlined. The guidelines are written to be interpreted and companies and institutions have to document their interpretation using standard operating procedures (SOPs). Although ICH GCP is regarded as the world-wide standard it sits alongside countries' legislation. In Europe CTIMPs have to follow the EU Directives and Regulation. Non pharmaceutical/non interventional healthcare research has no legal requirements to adhere to ICH GCP and is carried out under different research governance frameworks (RGF), however they all have their principles based on ICH GCP. The chapter also discusses the definition of an IMP and the decisions and processes that have to be followed when conducting non CTIMP studies.

scholarly journals Risk factors of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and «OVERLAP» syndrome asthma-COPD among adults in Ekaterinburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V C Abdullaev ◽  
E K Beltyukov ◽  
V V Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over 40 Years

Topicality. Prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) and COPD achieves in different countries 18 and 20% respectively. The prevalence of «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD in Russia is unknown. Objective. To determine the prevalence ofBA, COPD and «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD. Materials and methods. The study included a survey using a specially developed questionnaire to identify asthma-like symptoms (ALS), risk factors for BA, COPD, and the definition of FEV^ FEV^FVC in adults in Ekaterinburg. Results. The study has revealed that the risk factors for developing ALS are exposure to tobacco smoke and age over 40 years. The impact of allergens and family history of allergy are less significant. Decrease of spirometry indices is associated with smoking, age over 40 years and the presence of ALS. The diagnostic criteria for the «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD were developed based on the answers to the questionnaire on ALS, risk factors and the results of the screening spirometry. Conclusions. Preliminary prevalence ofBA, COPD, «OVERLAP» syndrome - ASTHMA/COPD and actual risk factors have been established in Ekaterinburg in 2018. Unfavorable situation with prevalence of smoking in Ekaterinburg has been showing.

scholarly journals Evolution of customer focus: from artisans and family businesses to CRM-systems

E-Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. V. Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Customer Focus ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The process of evolution of such phenomenon as customer focus and its impact on the formation of trade relations has been considered. In order to study the phenomenon as a whole and the factors that influenced the changes in particular, a retrospective analysis from the era of craftsmanship to the present day has been made. Special attention has been paid to industrial revolutions as stimulators of change, and to the peculiar boundaries of the periods of using different approaches to trade and business interaction. The article also touches on the topic of direct marketing, as a prototype of today’s business relations. In addition to the history of marketing and the impact of industrial revolutions on the development of the relationship between seller and buyer, the paper considered and analysed such a phenomenon as the automation of production in order to create a fullfledged picture, reflecting the reasons for the creation, the essence and relevance of CRM-systems in the modern world. CRM-systems in this article have been considered as one of the tools of customer focus methodology, which facilitates the interaction between participants in business relationships, as well as serving as a centralized directory of information about the customers. The initial and, consequently, the ultimate goal of the study was to create an interconnected scheme for the formation of a modern system of customer focus and definition of the role of CRM-systems in the whole process.

scholarly journals MEDIA ART IN MODERN SYNTHESIS OF ARTS IN ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Tetiana Rusevych ◽  
Hanna Zavadska
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Media Art ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article substantiates the problem of synthesis of media art in the modern synthesis of arts in architecture, provides a definition of the term " Media Art" as a higher form of artistic development. Attention is paid to the analysis of recent research and publications devoted to the study of the artistic component of interactive design in the synthesis of the arts of architectural space, the influence of media technologies on the formation of the architectural image of art centers, describing trends in media technology in architecture. The purpose of the article is to consider the forms of media art, their role in the synthesis of arts in architecture. The article emphasizes the objects created and embodied in Ukraine, describes the synthesis of arts from the angle of influence of media art on human perception and outlines the prospects for development. The history of the synthesis of arts in architecture from ancient times, the development of the synthesis of arts in the Art Nouveau style, the preconditions for the emergence of media art are briefly described. The synthesis of media art and architecture, interaction with other arts, namely painting, sculpture, music and others is considered on the example of the multimedia center Atelier des Lumières – "Workshop of the World" in Paris, which specializes in digital art exhibitions; Ukraine WOW exhibition in Kyiv, which is equipped with various forms of media art; media facades in Kyiv; media cube on the facade of Chicago Central House, which is the first media sculpture in Europe. The definition of "media facades" is also given and the influence of media technologies on the emotional and psychological state of a person is considered. Examples of interaction of various forms of media art with architecture are given. The conclusions determine the role of media art in architecture, the impact of media technology on human psychology, outline the prospects for the development of media art in the modern synthesis of arts in architecture.

scholarly journals Building a Civilization Base on Spiritual Values: Learning from the Struggle of Husain

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Fadhlu Rahman ◽  
Anas Amarulloh ◽  
Fitri Siska Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Values ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The West ◽  
Spiritual Civilization ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

The modern paradigm gives a strong influence to the modern people especially in the west. The influence is from its coup to the reality of God by some western thinkers and intellectuals. Than it has the impact to the meaning of advance civilization, futher it gives serious problems to the most social structure. The struggle of Sayyidana Husain as the everlasting history of humanity gives another view to the human concept and advance civilization. The oneness values (tauhid) which is contained by al-Husain, look at the spiritual aspects as the measure of the advance civilization. Therfore the definition of advance civilization has a new space, and opens the way of the inherent potentials as the basic of the advance civilization. This writing tries to open the values of Sayyidina Husains struggle in Karbala and mixs it contextually with the concept of Coomaranswammys spiritual civilization as the basic meaning of civilization by using the historical and analysis descriptive method. Hence the paradigm of advance civilization has an alternative of the new paradigm, and the spirituality can be a measure of advance civilization.

Rethinking European Jewish History

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
American Jewry ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Europe has changed greatly in the last century. The political boundaries between nations and states, along with the very concepts of 'nation' and 'boundary', have changed significantly, and the self-consciousness of ethnic minorities has likewise evolved in new directions. All these developments have affected how the Jews of Europe perceive themselves, and they help to shape the prism through which historians view the Jewish past. This volume looks at the Jewish past in the spirit of this reassessment. Part I reconsiders the basic parameters of the subject as well as some of its fundamental concepts, suggesting new assumptions and perspectives from which to conduct future studies of European Jewish history. Topics covered here include periodization and the definition of geographical borders, antisemitism, gender and the history of Jewish women, and notions of assimilation. Part II is devoted to articulating the meaning of 'modernity' in the history of European Jewry and demarcating key stages in its crystallization. Chapters reflect on the defining characteristics of a distinct early modern period in European Jewish history, the Reformation and the Jews, and the fundamental features of the Jewish experience in modern times. Parts III and IV present two scholarly conversations as case studies for the application of the critical and programmatic categories considered thus far: the complex web of relationships between Jews, Christians, and Jewish converts to Christianity in fifteenth-century Spain; and the impact of American Jewry on Jewish life in Europe in the twentieth-century, at a time when the dominant trend was one of migration from Europe to the Americas.

scholarly journals The Structural Gravity Model and Its Implications on Global Forest Product Trade

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Morland ◽  
Franziska Schier ◽  
Holger Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The gravity model of trade is one of the most common approaches in modern econometrics. In its basic form, the model assumes that income and distance between two partners most likely play a major role in the occurrence of trade. Despite the long history of the gravity model and its high, universal explanatory potential, its application for the forest sector is not broad and refers only to the traditional definition of the gravity approach. However, this traditional approach is not able to explain all aspects of trade at a disaggregated sector level. Consequently, the present study aims to close this research gap and reveal influencing factors for the appearance and the intensity of forest product trade by applying the structural gravity approach. This is done via linear and non-linear estimation methods for the forest sector on the whole and for thirteen forest products in detail. Three major results were found: first, the traditional gravity approach overestimates the impact of the overall income on forest sector trade. Second, the appearance of wood market trade is not always influenced by the same factors as the quantity traded. Third, with increasing processing level, determinants of forest product trade seem to be influenced by different factors.

The Policy of Uses of ICTs in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 745-762
Author(s):  
Saida Habhab-Rave
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tangible Support ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the policy of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the development of countries, especially on Tunisia. The first part of the article summarizes the evolution of the definition of ICTs policy. In the second part, the authors assess the contribution of ICT to the development of Tunisia. Tunisian’s response to these ICT challenges is discussed from three viewpoints. Firstly, the ways ICTs are impacting on the business, management and development. Secondly, what is being done with regard to ICT policies, especially for all sectors of the society. Thirdly, the impact the broader vision of policy has. In the final part, the relationship between policies of ICTs and sustainable development is discussed. On the basis of the technology-knowledge-innovation-economic development cycle, individual participation is thought to begin with general, ICT and business. The fascinating case history of the Finnish Information Society which lends significant tangible support to this and other models is summarized.

Viewing the Contamination of Student Achievement Through the Lens of Poverty

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Cheryl Ann Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Role Models ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Federal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the growing number in the underserved population of school-age children and their families who live in poverty and raises awareness as to how that factor directly contaminates student achievement. It is important to understand the federal definition of poverty and the attendant unique social environment. This chapter highlights an appreciation for the history of American race relations and its role in poverty-related behavior, as well as examines the inherent biases prevalent in American communities and schools that work to restrict opportunities for underprivileged families and children. It explores the impact of changing a culture of poverty through the lens of schools and role models, subsequently understanding multidisciplinary approaches for eliminating policies that alienate and exclude the poor. It includes best practices in pedagogy, services, and support for marginalized populations that will illuminate for the practitioner how the contamination of student achievement occurs and empowers them to assist those trapped by poverty.

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