Cambodian Remarried Women Are at Risk for Domestic Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 828-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sothy Eng ◽  
Whitney Szmodis ◽  
Kelly Grace
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Increased Risk

Divorce rates continue to rise, especially in urban centers, which in turn contributes to increasing numbers of women who remarry. While remarriage is one of the only options for survival for divorced women, especially those from low socioeconomic status, remarriage also brings with it increased stressors of financial strain and the strain of blended families. This study tested the hypothesis that remarried women compared with first-time married and divorced women are at increased risk for domestic violence. The sample was drawn from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, consisting of 1,560 women with the average age of 31.64. Results showed that 20% of women reported emotional violence and 14%, physical violence. Based on hierarchical multiple regressions, this study found that remarried women were more likely to experience physical and emotional abuse than women in their first marriage or women who remain divorced/not in union. Further interaction analyses showed that domestic violence varies depending on place of residence, number of children younger than 5 years, partners’ education, and wealth index. Rural residents who were in poorest and poorer groups and urban residents in their poorer and middle groups of their wealth index showed high risk of domestic violence. Remarried women with two or three children younger than 5 years showed highest risk of domestic violence. Additional three-way interaction analysis revealed that remarried women residing in rural/urban areas with a spouse having no education and/or primary level of education were at highest risk of domestic violence. The study lends support to the structural role of the power of male dominance on women’s social and emotional well-being. This study suggested that to reduce men’s perceived domination, structural intervention that includes implementing gender-responsive curriculum in formal education, as well as strengthening domestic violence law enforcement would help reduce domestic violence against women.

scholarly journals Violence against Women: A Study of Underlying Factors in Tehran Forensic Center 2001

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Azizian ◽  
Bagher Saroukhani ◽  
Mahmod Mahmodi ◽  
Fereshteh Farzianpour
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Forensic Center

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE:</strong> Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights and public health concern. The WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence documented the widespread nature of IPV with lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual parter violence among ever-partnered women in the fifteen sites surveyed ranging from 15% in Ethiopia province to 71% in Japan.Across the world, violence against women is a major threat to their physical and mental well-being. This violation of the most fundamental human rights usually takes the form of family or domestic violence.</p><p>This study was conducted to determine the violence against women in Tehran in forensic center in 2001.</p><p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from women referring to Tehran Forensic Center, with a view to obtaining a realistic picture of violence to women.</p><p>Data were gathered on 120 subjects randomly selected women who completed questionnaires and interview.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The women in this study had presented with wounds and injuries inflicted by their husbands. These women had been referred to the Center by family courts to complete legal formalities concerning injury diagnosis and duration of treatment.</p><p>The main factors underlying family violence were examined from five different aspects: behavioral and educational problems (79.2%), financial strain (54.2%), and interference by the husband’s family (39.2%), sexual problems (13.3%), and differences in culture and social class (10%).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Factors found to have an accelerating or interfering role included the woman’s age and the couple’s education level. However, many women declared that several factors were contributing simultaneously to the problem of violence.</p>

The Link Between a Husband’s Trust in Informal Institutions and Domestic Violence Against His Wife: Evidence From Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097030
Author(s):  
Sonia Akter
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The Impact

The global and national push to strengthen informal institutions’ role in increasing rural households’ access to justice has often met with skepticism in South Asia. This is because the impact of such initiatives on women’s welfare is debatable in many contexts due to reports of informal institutions’ hostile and oppressive behavior toward women. This study contributes to this debate by presenting the first empirical evidence of gender difference in trust in informal village institutions. The study also tests the relationship between a husband’s trust in informal institutions and his tendency to commit physical violence against his wife. It uses the Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey datasets of more than 2,000 households from three provinces (Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan. Trust in local political institutions is measured by (a) respondent’s reliance on village institutions for handling general community affairs and maintaining law and order and (b) respondent’s perceptions of local government’s effectiveness in dispute settlement and ensuring public security. Men’s and women’s trust in informal village institutions and their perceptions of these institutions’ legitimacy do not significantly differ in most cases. Women exhibit a greater trust and confidence in informal institutions that hold regular resident meetings than in those that do not. The results also reveal a significant negative relationship between a husband’s trust in informal institutions and the incidence of physical violence against his wife. Greater trust in informal institutions has a significant positive correlation with a husband’s psychological well-being, his relationship with family, and his perceptions of institutional legitimacy. The findings imply that well-performing informal institutions work as an indirect deterrent for domestic violence in the study areas of Pakistan.

Domestic violence in pregnancy

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loraine Bacchus ◽  
Susan Bewley ◽  
Gill Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Definitions of domestic violence vary according to the frequency, severity and nature of the violence as well as the context in which it occurred and the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. Though there is a lack of uniformity, a generally accepted definition of domestic violence is the physical, sexual or emotional abuse of an adult woman by a man with whom she has or has had an intimate relationship, regardless of whether the couple are living together. Although violence can be carried out by other family members or occur in same-sex relationships, it is argued that men use violence in order to maintain dominance and control over their female partners. Physical violence is just one of the many tactics that an abuser may use to exert control over his partner. Other behaviours include isolation, intimidation, threats of violence, threats to take the children away or hurt them and emotional or economic abuse. Whilst some studies have identified demographic patterns associated with domestic violence, it can affect any woman regardless of age, race, ethnicity, social class, employment status, religion, marital status or disability.

scholarly journals TAHAP PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT KELANTAN TERHADAP KEGANASAN RUMAH TANGGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Nuruaslizawati Ayob ◽  
Siti Hajar Abdul Rauf ◽  
Nur Masliza Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The People ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract: Domestic violence is a serious social problem and can affect the health and well-being of its victims. Domestic violence statistic showed that there were an increasing number of domestic violence cases from the year 2014 to 2019. The main objective of this study is to examine the knowledge level of the Kelantanese people on the issue of domestic violence. This study used a quantitative research design through the distribution of questionnaires to obtain raw data. The selection was made randomly with a sample of 200 respondents. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. The results of the study suggest that the level of knowledge of the people of Kelantan on the issue of domestic violence is at a high level with the mean value = 3.82 and standard deviation = 0.99. The findings of the study found that the majority of Kelantanese have a high knowledge on the issue of domestic violence. However, the number of domestic violence cases is relatively high. Thus, social support and encouragement from various parties such as friends, family and the authorities are necessary to reduce cases of domestic violence in the community. Keywords: Domestic violence, Physical abuse, Emotional abuse, Economic abuse, Sexual abuse     Abstrak: Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan masalah sosial yang serius dan mampu memberi kesan kepada kesihatan serta kesejahteraan hidup seseorang. Statistik keganasan rumah tangga menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan dalam laporan mengenai kes keganasan rumah tangga yang berlaku pada tahun 2014 hingga 2019. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana tahap pengetahuan masyarakat Kelantan terhadap isu keganasan rumah tangga. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif melalui edaran borang soal selidik bagi mendapatkan data mentah. Pemilihan sampel dibuat secara rawak mudah ke atas 200 orang responden. Kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Science Social (SPSS) versi 17.0. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap pengetahuan rakyat Kelantan terhadap isu keganasan rumah tangga berada pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu nilai min= 3.82 dan sisihan piawai= 0.99. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa majoriti rakyat Kelantan mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi terhadap isu keganasan rumah tangga. Namun begitu, jumlah kes keganasan rumah tangga yang berlaku di Negeri Kelantan adalah agak tinggi. Justeru, sokongan dan dorongan daripada pelbagai pihak seperti rakan, keluarga dan pihak berwajib adalah perlu bagi mengurangkan masalah kes keganasan rumah tangga dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci: Keganasan rumah tangga, Keganasan fizikal, Keganasan emosi, Keganasan ekonomi, Keganasan seksual

scholarly journals Domestic Violence across 30 Countries in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E Ssentongo ◽  
Emily S. Heilbrunn ◽  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Dan Lin ◽  
Yanxu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Introduction: Domestic violence is a prevalent global health issue that causes incredibly adverse consequences for an individuals physical and psychological health. The rates of physical and sexual violence in developing countries are thought to be some of the highest in the world, where up to 44% of women in Sub-Saharan Africa have experienced domestic violence. However, this has not been explored systematically. We present the first study to estimate the incidence and prevalence of physical and sexual violence across Africa. Methods: Poisson meta-regression analysis on demographic health survey data from 482,670 women from 442,507 households in 30 countries across Africa. Hotspot analysis using the Getis-ORD Gi approach at the sub-regional level. Results: Of 482,670 women, those who were divorced or separated were approximately 7 times more likely to experience physical violence and 6 times more likely to experience sexual violence compared to those who were never married (Risk Ratio: RRs:7.35, 95%CI 7.16-7.54 and 5.89, 95%CI 5.75-6.02 respectively). Likewise, wealth index and education level were inversely related to the incidence and prevalence of sexual and physical violence. Hotspots of sexual and physical violence were identified in Congo and surrounding areas. Conclusions: Interventions should be designed to address the high levels of physical and sexual violence in Congo and surrounding areas, especially in those who are less educated, have lower wealth indices, and are divorced or separated.

scholarly journals Parents’ experiences of abuse by their adult children with drug problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Svensson ◽  
Torkel Richert ◽  
Björn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Parents Experiences ◽  
Parent Child

Aims: To examine parents’ experiences of abuse directed at them by their adult children with drug problems. Material and Method: The material consists of 32 qualitative interviews on child-to-parent abuse with 24 mothers and eight fathers. The interviewees had experienced verbal abuse (insults), emotional abuse (threats), financial abuse (damage to property and possessions) and physical abuse (physical violence). Findings: In the parents’ narratives, the parent-child interaction is dominated by the child’s destructive drug use, which the parents are trying to stop. This gives rise to conflicts and ambivalence. The parents’ accounts seem to function as explaining and justifying their children’s disruptive behavior in view of the drug use. The fact that an external factor - drugs - is blamed seems to make it easier to repair the parent-child bonds. The parents differentiate between the child who is sober and the child who is under the influence of drugs, that is, between the genuine child and the fake, unreal child. The sober child is a person that the parent likes and makes an effort for. The child who is on drugs is erratic, at times aggressive and self-destructive. Conclusions: The interviewed parents’ well-being is perceived as directly related to how their children’s lives turn out. The single most important factor in improving the parents’ situation is to find a way for their adult child to live their lives without drug problems.

scholarly journals Domestic violence and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Lalith Senarathna ◽  
Judi Kidger ◽  
Gene Feder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that domestic violence (DV) is an important risk factor for suicidal behaviour. The level of risk and its contribution to the overall burden of suicidal behaviour among men and women has not been quantified in South Asia. We carried out a large case-control study to examine the association between DV and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka. Methods Cases (N = 291) were patients aged ⩾18 years, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Kandy Sri Lanka for self-poisoning. Sex and age frequency matched controls were recruited from the hospital's outpatient department (N = 490) and local population (N = 450). Exposure to DV was collected through the Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the association between DV and self-poisoning, and population attributable fractions were calculated. Results Exposure to at least one type of DV within the previous 12 months was strongly associated with self-poisoning for women [adjusted OR (AOR) 4.08, 95% CI 1.60–4.78] and men (AOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.51–4.21), compared to those reporting no abuse. Among women, the association was strongest for physical violence (AOR 14.07, 95% CI 5.87–33.72), whereas among men, emotional abuse showed the highest risk (AOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.57–4.82). PAF% for exposure to at least one type of DV was 38% (95% CI 32–43) in women and 22% (95% CI 14–29) in men. Conclusions Multi-sectoral interventions to address DV including enhanced identification in health care settings, community-based strategies, and integration of DV support and psychological services may substantially reduce suicidal behaviour in Sri Lanka.

Flexible Pay but Fixed Expenses: Personal Financial Strain among On-Call Employees

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Aronsson ◽  
Margareta Dallner ◽  
Tomas Lindh ◽  
Sara Göransson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Temporary Employees ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Poverty And Health

The aim of the study was to investigate the financial circumstances of a group of temporary employees and whether personal financial strain is related to an increased risk of ill-health. The study group consisted of 778 on-call employees. The response rate to a mailed questionnaire was 56 percent. Twenty percent of respondents stated that they had experienced economic difficulties of some kind. More than 50 percent regarded their form of employment as an impediment to obtaining a loan, and approximately 40 percent regarded it as a barrier to acquiring a housing contract. The study group is strongly polarized with regard to personal financial matters. There is a clear connection between poverty and health. Individuals who were both worried about their personal finances and objectively poor had far lower levels of psychological well-being (as measured by GHQ-12), more stomach, back, and neck complaints, more headaches, and greater tiredness and listlessness. Sleep disturbances acted as a mediating variable between financial pressure and stomach problems.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Isolations, Quarantines and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto de Lima Augusto de Lima ◽  
Paula Monikee Rezende Alves ◽  
Carla Jaciara Baraúna De Oliveira ◽  
Thaísa Rodrigues Nascimento De Oliveira ◽  
Katricia Beatriz Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.

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