Implementation of Healthy Eating Interventions in Center-Based Childcare: The Selection, Application, and Reporting of Theories, Models, and Frameworks

Purpose: To explore the selection, use, and reporting of theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) in implementation studies that promoted healthy eating in center-based childcare. Data Source: We searched 11 databases for articles published between January 1990 and October 2018. We also conducted a hand search of studies and consulted subject matter experts. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: We included studies in center-based settings for preschoolers that addressed the development, delivery, or evaluation of interventions or implementation strategies related to healthy eating and related subjects and that explicitly used TMF. Exclusion criteria include not peer reviewed or abstracts and not in English, French, German, and Korean. Data Extraction: The first author extracted the data using extraction forms. A second reviewer verified data extraction. Data Synthesis: Direct content analysis and narrative synthesis. Results: We identified 8222 references. We retained 38 studies. Study designs included quasi-experimental, randomized controlled trials, surveys, case studies, and others. The criteria used most often for selecting TMFs were description of a change process (n = 12; 23%) or process guidance (n = 8; 15%). Theories, models, and frameworks used targeted different socioecological levels and purposes. The application of TMF constructs (e.g., factors, steps, outcomes) was reported 69% (n = 34) of times. Conclusion: Reliance on TMFs focused on individual-level, poor TMF selection, and application and reporting for the development of implementation strategies could limit TMF utility.

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Sleep-Promotion Bundle Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in Critically Ill Adults: Roles for Pharmacists

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/10600280211048494 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106002802110484

Author(s):

Patricia R. Louzon ◽

Mojdeh S. Heavner ◽

Kyle Herod ◽

Ting Ting Wu ◽

John W. Devlin

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Care Protocol ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Critically Ill Adults ◽

Ill Adults

Objective: To review evidence for intensive care unit (ICU) sleep improvement bundle use, identify preferred sleep bundle components and implementation strategies, and highlight the role for pharmacists in developing and evaluating bundle efforts. Data Sources: Multiple databases were searched from January 1, 1990, to September 1, 2021, using the MeSH terms sleep, intensive care or critical care, protocol or bundle to identify comparative studies evaluating ICU sleep bundle implementation. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Study screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias evaluation were conducted in tandem. The ICU quality improvement literature and Institute for Healthcare Improvement bundle improvement guidance were also reviewed to identify recommended strategies for successful sleep bundle use. Data Synthesis: Nine studies (3 randomized, 1 quasi-experimental, 5 before-and-after) were identified. Bundle elements varied and were primarily focused on nonpharmacological interventions designed to be performed during either the day or night; only 2 studies included a medication-based strategy. Five studies were associated with reduced delirium; 2 studies were associated with improved total sleep time and 2 with improved patient-perceived sleep. Pharmacists were involved directly in 4 studies. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Sleep improvement bundles are recommended for use in all critically ill adults; specific bundle elements and ICU team member roles should be individualized at the institution/ICU level. Pharmacists can help lead bundle development efforts and routinely deliver key elements. Conclusions: Pharmacists can play an important role in the development and implementation of ICU sleep bundles. Further research regarding the relative benefit of individual bundle elements on relevant patient outcomes is needed.

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Selection of theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) in the implementation of Healthy Eating Interventions in Centre-Based Childcare

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120006631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Marjorie Lima do Vale ◽

Anna Farmer ◽

Geoff Ball ◽

Rebecca Gokiert ◽

Katerina Maximova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Food Environments ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Process Guidance ◽

The Many ◽

Selection Of

AbstractChildcare settings are ideal for health promotion; however, they may not provide food environments that support children's healthy eating behaviours. To address this problem, researchers and practitioners have designed interventions with the aid of Theories, Models and Frameworks (TMFs) with the aim to improve centre-based childcare food environments. Considering the many TMFs that exist, the question of which TMF to select remains a challenge. As such, one of the objectives of our scoping review was to explore the selection criteria used in studies that aimed to promote healthy eating in centre-based childcare.We utilized the scoping review steps outlined by Arksey & O'Malley (2005), and Levac, Colquhoun, & O'Brien (2012). We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Agricola, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Prospero, and Cochrane library of SR for studies published from January 1990 to October 2018. We also consulted subject matter experts and hand searched reference lists. First level screening was completed by two reviewers (Kappa > 0.8). Second level was completed by one reviewer and questions were addressed through discussion with a second reviewer. TMF categorisation (i.e., individual, community, process and evaluation-focused) was informed by Nilsen (2015) and Rimer (2005). We used direct content analysis to organize the reported criteria used by authors to select TMFs. The rationales presented by authors were coded using Birken et al. (2017) criteria and definitions, which were based on seminal articles and an iterative consensus process. The categorization was completed by one reviewer (MV) and verified by a second reviewer (AF).We retained 38 studies and identified 28 TMFs. TMFs were used to design implementation strategies, steps and outcomes, identify implementation factors and stakeholders, explain findings, and provide recommendations. Of the total of 14 criteria for selecting TMFs identified, the most frequently used were for describing a change process (n = 12; 23%), providing process guidance (n = 8; 15%), and TMFs use in empirical studies (n = 7; 13%).TMF selection was most often based on descriptive rather than predictive or explanatory characteristics. Increasing childcare researchers’ and practitioners’ awareness of existing TMFs and tools to guide TMF selection might reduce selection based on convenience or where limited evidence for TMF effectiveness exist.

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Impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes: a systematic review protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01739-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Foluso Ishola ◽

U. Vivian Ukah ◽

Arijit Nandi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Services ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Abortion Law ◽

Women’S Health Services ◽

Abortion Laws ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Study Designs ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background A country’s abortion law is a key component in determining the enabling environment for safe abortion. While restrictive abortion laws still prevail in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many countries have reformed their abortion laws, with the majority of them moving away from an absolute ban. However, the implications of these reforms on women’s access to and use of health services, as well as their health outcomes, is uncertain. First, there are methodological challenges to the evaluation of abortion laws, since these changes are not exogenous. Second, extant evaluations may be limited in terms of their generalizability, given variation in reforms across the abortion legality spectrum and differences in levels of implementation and enforcement cross-nationally. This systematic review aims to address this gap. Our aim is to systematically collect, evaluate, and synthesize empirical research evidence concerning the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on changes in abortion laws and women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will search Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as grey literature and reference lists of included studies for further relevant literature. As our goal is to draw inference on the impact of abortion law reforms, we will include quasi-experimental studies examining the impact of change in abortion laws on at least one of our outcomes of interest. We will assess the methodological quality of studies using the quasi-experimental study designs series checklist. Due to anticipated heterogeneity in policy changes, outcomes, and study designs, we will synthesize results through a narrative description. Discussion This review will systematically appraise and synthesize the research evidence on the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will examine the effect of legislative reforms and investigate the conditions that might contribute to heterogeneous effects, including whether specific groups of women are differentially affected by abortion law reforms. We will discuss gaps and future directions for research. Findings from this review could provide evidence on emerging strategies to influence policy reforms, implement abortion services and scale up accessibility. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019126927

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Educational programmes for frail older people, their families, carers and healthcare professionals

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift ◽

10.1007/s00508-021-01900-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel J. Viggars ◽

Andrew Finney ◽

Barnabas Panayiotou

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Older People ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Educational Programmes ◽

Quasi Experimental

Summary Background More people are living with frailty and requiring additional health and support services. To improve their management, the “Frailty: Core Capability Framework” in the United Kingdom recommends frailty education for older individuals, their families, carers and health professionals. We performed a systematic review of specific educational programmes for these groups. Methods Electronic databases were searched using dedicated search terms and inclusion criteria. To improve accuracy, two reviewers carried out the screening and selection of research papers. Information from included studies was collected using a tailored data extraction template, and quality appraisal tools were used to assess the rigour of the studies. The findings were analysed to identify key themes. Results A total of 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The study populations ranged from 12 to 603 and the research designs were heterogeneous (6 qualitative; 2 randomised controlled trials; 1 quasi-experimental; 1 mixed methods; 1 cross-sectional study). Whilst some methodological shortcomings were identified, all studies contributed valuable information. The results underwent narrative synthesis, which elucidated four thematic domains: (1) accessibility of educational programmes, (2) empowerment, (3) self-care, and (4) health promotion (especially exercise and nutrition). Conclusion Educational programmes for older people, their carers and health professionals are important for effective frailty prevention and management. To be maximally beneficial, they should be easily accessible to all target populations and include empowerment, self-care and health promotion. Further research should explore the formulation of widely applicable, user-friendly programmes and delivery formats that can be tailored to different client groups.

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Promoting Diet and Physical Activity in Nurses

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/ajhp.141107-lit-562 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Luciana Torquati ◽

Toby Pavey ◽

Tracy Kolbe-Alexander ◽

Michael Leveritt

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Student Nurses ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Diet And Physical Activity ◽

Data Source

Objective. To systematically review the effectiveness of intervention studies promoting diet and physical activity (PA) in nurses. Data Source. English language manuscripts published between 1970 and 2014 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, as well as those accessed with the PICO tool, were reviewed. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Inclusion criteria comprised (1) nurses/student nurses working in a health care setting and (2) interventions where PA and/or diet behaviors were the primary outcome. Exclusion criteria were (1) non–peer-reviewed articles or conference abstracts and (2) interventions focused on treatment of chronic conditions or lifestyle factors other than PA or diet in nurses. Data Extraction. Seventy-one full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Data Synthesis. Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and narrative summary. Results. Nine (n = 737 nurses) studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of the studies was low to moderate. Four studies reported an increase in self-reported PA through structured exercise and goal setting. Dietary outcomes were generally positive, but were only measured in three studies with some limitations in the assessment methods. Two studies reported improved body composition without significant changes in diet or PA. Conclusions. Outcomes of interventions to change nurses’ PA and diet behavior are promising, but inconsistent. Additional and higher quality interventions that include objective and validated outcome measures and appropriate process evaluation are required.

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A systematic review of interventions to improve acute hospital care for people with dementia

10.21203/rs.2.22248/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Karrer ◽

Angela Schnelli ◽

Adelheid Zeller ◽

Hanna Mayer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Research ◽

Acute Hospital Care ◽

Hand Search ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Acute Hospitals ◽

Delirium Management ◽

Study Designs

Abstract The aim of this study was to provide an overview of interventions targeting hospital care of patients with dementia. We conducted a systematic review, including interventional study designs. We searched five electronic databases, conducted a hand search and performed citation tracking. To assess risk of bias, we used Cochrane Collaboration’s tool, ROBANS and AMSTAR. We narratively summarized the outcomes.The findings of twenty studies indicated a broad range of interventions and outcomes. We categorised the interventions into eight intervention types. Educational programmes were the most reported intervention type and resulted in improved staff outcomes. Family-/person-centred care programmes, use of specially trained nurses and delirium management programmes were effective in improving patient-related outcomes. However, current evidence is insufficient to declare which interventions are effective in improving dementia care in acute hospitals. Future research should focus on relevant patient and family caregiver outcomes and must to consider the complexity of the interventions. Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018111032.

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Health system interventions to integrate genetic testing in routine oncology services: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250379

Author(s):

Rosie O’Shea ◽

Natalie Taylor ◽

Ashley Crook ◽

Chris Jacobs ◽

Yoon Jung Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Genetic Testing ◽

Genetic Counselling ◽

Implementation Research ◽

Professional Education ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Complex Interventions ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Inner Setting

Background Integration of genetic testing into routine oncology care could improve access to testing. This systematic review investigated interventions and the tailored implementation strategies aimed at increasing access to genetic counselling and testing and identifying hereditary cancer in oncology. Methods The search strategy results were reported using the PRISMA statement and four electronic databases were searched. Eligible studies included routine genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer or uptake after universal tumour screening for colorectal or endometrial cancer. The titles and abstracts were reviewed and the full text articles screened for eligibility. Data extraction was preformed using a designed template and study appraisal was assessed using an adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were mapped to Proctor’s et al outcomes and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and qualitatively synthesised. Results Twenty-seven studies, published up to May 2020, met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies ranged from poor (72%), fair to good (28%) quality. Most interventions identified were complex (multiple components) such as; patient or health professional education, interdisciplinary practice and a documentation or system change. Forty-eight percent of studies with complex interventions demonstrated on average a 35% increase in access to genetic counselling and a 15% increase in testing completion. Mapping of study outcomes showed that 70% and 32% of the studies aligned with either the service and client or the implementation level outcome and 96% to the process or inner setting domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Conclusion Existing evidence suggests that complex interventions have a potentially positive effect towards genetic counselling and testing completion rates in oncology services. Studies of sound methodological quality that explore a greater breadth of pre and post implementation outcomes and informed by theory are needed. Such research could inform future service delivery models for the integration of genetics into oncology services.

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Forensic facial reconstruction using CBCT – A systematic review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-437016/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JIJIN MEKKADATH JAYAKRISHNAN

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

3D Modeling ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Full Text ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Modeling Method ◽

Facial Reconstruction ◽

Combination Method ◽

Human Face ◽

Exclusion Criteria

Abstract Objectives This systematic review evaluated whether CBCT is a better diagnostic tool in facial forensic reconstruction. Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique to reconstruct human face from unidentified face from skull remains for human identification and facial recognition. Materials and methods Article selection and data extraction was done based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria devised for the study. The articles were screened from PubMed, ProQuest, Google scholar, Science direct and Scopus. Result Three hundred and thirty-nine articles were initially identified from which seven articles were full text reviewed and included in the review. All the articles included in this study suggest that the facial reconstruction done using CBCT are reliable. Conclusion The computerized 3D modeling method produces reliable facial reconstructions which involves the images scanned from CBCT and the combination method. The computerized 3D modeling method produces facial reconstruction which almost mimics the original resemblance.

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Deprescribing intervention activities mapped to guiding principles for use in general practice: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. e052547

Author(s):

Amy Coe ◽

Catherine Kaylor-Hughes ◽

Susan Fletcher ◽

Elizabeth Murray ◽

Jane Gunn

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Family Practice ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Future Research ◽

Original Research ◽

Practice Staff ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Guiding Principles ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo identify and characterise activities for deprescribing used in general practice and to map the identified activities to pioneering principles of deprescribing.SettingPrimary care.Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Clinicaltrials.gov, ISRCTN registry, OpenGrey, Annals of Family Medicine, BMC Family Practice, Family Practice and British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) from inception to the end of June 2021.Study selectionIncluded studies were original research (randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental, cohort study, qualitative and case studies), protocol papers and protocol registrations.Data extractionScreening and data extraction was completed by one reviewer; 10% of the studies were independently reviewed by a second reviewer. Coding of full-text articles in NVivo was conducted and mapped to five deprescribing principles.ResultsFifty studies were included. The most frequently used activities were identification of appropriate patients for deprescribing (76%), patient education (50%), general practitioners (GP) education (48%), and development and use of a tapering schedule (38%). Six activities did not align with the five deprescribing principles. As such, two principles (engage practice staff in education and appropriate identification of patients, and provide feedback to staff about deprescribing occurrences within the practice) were added.ConclusionActivities and guiding principles for deprescribing should be paired together to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to deprescribing by GPs. The addition of two principles suggests that practice staff and practice management teams may play an instrumental role in sustaining deprescribing processes within clinical practice. Future research is required to determine the most of effective activities to use within each principle and by whom.

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Work Site–Based Environmental Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117116674681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 32-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Amanda K. Hutcheson ◽

Andrew J. Piazza ◽

Adam P. Knowlden

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Included Study ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Environmental Interventions ◽

Work Site ◽

Meta Analyses

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to systematically review work site–based, environmental interventions to reduce sedentary behavior following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Data Source: Data were extracted from Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science between January 2005 and December 2015. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were work site interventions, published in peer-reviewed journals, employing environmental modalities, targeting sedentary behavior, and using any quantitative design. Exclusion criteria were noninterventions and non-English publications. Data Extraction: Data extracted included study design, population, intervention dosage, intervention activities, evaluation measures, and intervention effects. Data Synthesis: Data were tabulated quantitatively and synthesized qualitatively. Results: A total of 15 articles were identified for review and 14 reported statistically significant decreases in sedentary behavior. The majority of studies employed a randomized controlled trial design (n = 7), used inclinometers to measure sedentary behavior (n = 9), recruited predominantly female samples (n = 15), and utilized sit-to-stand desks as the primary intervention modality (n = 10). The mean methodological quality score was 6.2 out of 10. Conclusion: Environmental work site interventions to reduce sedentary behavior show promise because work sites often have more control over environmental factors. Limitations of this intervention stream include inconsistent measurement of sedentary behavior, absence of theoretical frameworks to guide program development, and absence of long-term evaluation. Future studies should include clear reporting of intervention strategies and explicit operationalization of theoretical constructs.

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