Low-Wealth Minority Enterprises and Access to Financial Resources for Start-Up Activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Casey
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Minority Entrepreneurs

The role new start-ups may play in the economic recovery has been thrust into the political limelight, with a number of policy makers and advocates calling for network interventions to stimulate and foster an environment conducive to their growth and development. However, the design and implementation of these policies may have differential effects for low-wealth minority enterprises. In this article, the author draws on social resource theory to conceptualize the effects of social networks on access to financial resources. The findings suggest that disparities do exist among low-wealth minority enterprises in the amount of social resources they possess as well as in the formal financial resources obtained. Low-wealth minority enterprises that do obtain a higher level of formal financial resources have upward connections to those that possess greater social resources. The research has implications for the design and implementation of policies geared toward low-wealth minority entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Universities and Entrepreneurship: An Overview of Albanian Public HEI-s on Entrepreneurial University Model Aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Bruna Papa ◽  
Ervin Demo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Future Challenges

Abstract Albanian higher education sector has undergone various changes in the last years. Such changes have brought different implication and challenges for higher education institutions. HEIs need to find new and innovative ways to be able to respond properly and play their role in the society. This paper aims to provide an evaluation of the staus quo of 5 public higher education instituions, that took part in the study, in regard to 6 aspects of the entrepreneurial university model.Interviews were conducted using HEInnovate tool as a theoretical guideline and questions were asked by being grouped in 6 categories: on aspects such as governance and lidership, internationalization, knowledge exchange, human and financial resources, entrepreneurial education and start up support and measures, were conducted in order to have a general overview and identify potential areas of improvement. Entrepreneurship needs to be supported and formilazed by the top lidership and effective organizational structure that promotes entrepreneurshop at all levels of the institution, financial stream needs to be diversified, blended learning needs to be encourgaed and promoted and public HEIs need to increase their international cooperation and presence. The study shows that HEIs need to implement new practies in order to better be prepared to face the current and future challenges. The findings and recommendation can be used to present measures to be undertaken both at institutional level of HEIs and at the level of policy makers in Albania.

The Effects of State and Local Economic Incentives on Business Start-Ups in the United States: County-Level Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Mark Partridge ◽  
Sydney Schreiner ◽  
Alexandra Tsvetkova ◽  
Carlianne Elizabeth Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Labor Market Flexibility ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Start Ups

Even as economic incentives are increasingly used by policy makers to spur state and local economic development, their use is controversial among the public and academics. The authors examine whether state and local incentives lead to higher rates of business start-ups in metropolitan counties. Existing research indicates that start-ups are important for supporting (net) job creation, long-term growth, innovation, and development. The authors find that incentives have a statistically significant, negative relationship with start-up rates in total and for some industries including export-based and others that often receive incentives. The findings support critics who contend that incentives crowd out other economic activity, potentially reducing long-term growth. The authors also find that greater intersectoral job flows are positively linked to total start-ups, consistent with claims of those who advocate for policies that enhance labor market flexibility through reducing barriers to job mobility.

scholarly journals Risk Taking and Start-up Capital: Exploring Gender differences in Uganda, through an International Comparison

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Orobia ◽  
Gerrit Rooks .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

This study sought to explain the gender differences with respect to risk taking behaviour and startup capital in Uganda, comparing with other countries. The start-up capital of businesses run by females is ostensibly smaller than those run by males in Uganda and in any other country. A number of reasons have been forwarded to explain this variance. Some researchers have linked the size of start-up capital to the risk taking behaviour among other factors. However there is insufficient local or Ugandan empirical research into this difference, given that much of the empirical research are based on western data sets. Data for this study was from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2003. A causal research design was used to establish the relationship between risk taking attitude and start up capital. A comparative design was also employed to compare the findings of Uganda with other GEM countries, Chi-square tests, and a two way analysis of variances were used to analyse the data. There are gender differences with respect to risk taking behaviour across all countries under study. However, the gender gap is wider in other countries than Uganda. On the whole, Uganda women are less risk averse as compared to those in other countries. The start-up capital requirement of Ugandan men is more than their female counterparts. In addition, Ugandan men invested more personal start up capital when they are risk averse. Among other recommendations, policy makers should sensitise females about viability of business start ups and encourage women access to ownership of property.

Entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore: an exploration of structure and gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1185
Author(s):  
Bala Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

PurposeBangalore has gained international recognition as a technology start-up hub for its vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to explore the structure and gap that exist with respect to the entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi technique based four stage interaction with the experts/stakeholders belonging to different components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (as identified from the literature) in the context of Bangalore is conducted, to gather primary data. This enabled us to define the structure of entrepreneurial ecosystem and analyse the gap that exists between an ideal ecosystem feasible in the Indian context and that one that prevailed in Bangalore.FindingsThe prevailing entrepreneurial ecosystem for tech start-ups in Bangalore is significantly different (lower) relative to an ideal ecosystem feasible in the Indian economic environment, as prescribed by the Delphi experts, both at the aggregate level and at an individual component level. The step-wise (backward) logistic regression analysis revealed that Bangalore ecosystem is primarily lacking in terms of one of the Triple Helices, namely, role of education and research institutions, and two of the five indispensable components, namely, market maturity and mentorship.Research limitations/implicationsIt is essential to strengthen and promote the Triple Helix base and the five indispensable components in an entrepreneurial ecosystem, to accelerate the emergence and growth of tech start-ups.Practical implicationsIt brings out the nature of entrepreneurial ecosystem structure and the gap between what can be considered an ideal ecosystem and what prevails in Bangalore currently.Originality/valueThis is a primary data based study, which has value for regional policy makers in strategizing to promote Bangalore ecosystem, and for researchers in undertaking “ecosystem gap analysis”.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND NEW VENTURE CREATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENA LEE ◽  
POH-KAM WONG
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

Does an individual's positive attitude towards entrepreneurship education promote the growth of new ventures? It appears that it does. The empirical results presented in this paper support a prima facie claim that a relationship exists between attitude towards entrepreneurial education and business start-up. The aim of this paper is to investigate the hypothesised positive relationship between new venture founding and attitude towards entrepreneurial education (AEE). Limited if any research on new venture founding in the past has explored the contribution of AEE in business start-ups. A survey is carried out on a large sample (more than 15,000) of tertiary students residing in Singapore. In analysing the dataset, we have controlled for various factors in the regression analysis. Due to the limitations of our study, we are cautious not to assert any causal link between these 2 variables. The implications of the results to policy makers and educators are discussed along with suggestions for future research in order to refine our present understanding of these relationships.

Micro-econometric analysis of innovative start-ups: the role of firm-specific factors and industry context in innovation propensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-957
Author(s):  
Claudia Capozza ◽  
Sergio Salomone ◽  
Ernesto Somma
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Start Ups

Abstract We explore the innovation-enabling factors in young innovative companies (YICs) considering different elements of firm-specific absorptive capacity along with factors related to the industrial structure. Evidence from Italian YICs, known as innovative start-ups whose creation was prompted by the Start-up Act in 2012, shows that absorptive capacity factors matter with differences for product and process innovation. Moreover, the configuration of the industry context remarkably shape innovation, providing implications for policy-makers seeking to improve the national competitiveness by sustaining new ventures of high technological value.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Specificities of Local Innovation Accelerators: A Case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Konrad Szczukiewicz ◽  
Marek Makowiec
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Start Ups

Accelerators are one of the most recent and prominent institutions that support start-up development. The phenomenon of accelerators impacts academia as well as policy makers and practitioners. However, the research on accelerators is still very scant and the majority of research concerns the most prestigious and successful American accelerators. The purpose of this paper is to outline the characteristics of Polish accelerators and their specificities, with the focus on the differences between public and private accelerators. The collateral aim of the authors was to describe characteristics and components of an innovation accelerator and its placement in the ecosystem of institutional support for start-ups. The first part of the study focuses on the definition of an accelerator, the review of relevant literature and the differences between other well established institutions such as incubators and business angels. The second part of the study presents the current state of accelerators in Poland. It is observed that the majority of the accelerators in Poland are publicly funded and accelerators avoid taking equity in accelerated start-ups. This is an effect of the competition from public accelerators, which offer a sizable equity-free grant of 200,000 PLN. This study enriches the research on different models of local accelerators and their acceleration programs.

scholarly journals Challenges of scaling-up process for start-ups

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Zajko
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Start Ups

Abstract Start-up is just a beginning phase of a company life cycle followed by the growth or scaling phase where the growth potential of start-up can develop into a high-growth company bringing revenues, well-paid jobs and taxes. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the essence of scaling up and the relevant external and internal factors for successful scaling up. The research method consists in analysis of internal and external conditions for successful scaling up and related support policies in the EU and Slovakia based on the secondary survey data and relevant publications. The findings about the Slovak start-up ecosystem confirm the relevance of risks of scaling up for the Slovak startups too. Therefore next to the improving of the start-up ecosystem the Slovak policy makers should develop systematic support measures for the scale-up ecosystem in Slovakia based on appropriate scale up metrics and incentives for support of start-ups in order to achieve a higher proportion of gazelles in the economy.

scholarly journals Projects Management in Technology Start-ups for Mobile Software Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Pavel Petrov ◽  
Svetoslav Ivanov ◽  
Petar Dimitrov ◽  
Georgi Dimitrov ◽  
Oleksii Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Mobile Software ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Start Ups

The management of the technology start-up company for development of software for mobile devices includes various activities such as creation of specification, development, implementation, sale, and maintenance of software for mobile devices, as well as services for it. Usually the main activity is the production and maintenance of software for mobile devices, but there may be different options and sub-options in the business model of the technology start-up, which are divided into two main categories - products and services. In recent years, there has been a trend to move into a business with service providers. The objective of our study is to outline some specifics about the operation of technology start-up companies for mobile software development in areas such as the management of human and financial resources, choosing the suitable methodology for software development and business model to follow.

Stanford's licensing and equity practices with biotechnology companies

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Leute
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Technology Licensing ◽  
Start Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Start Ups

Stanford University's Office of Technology Licensing (OTL) has a long history of licensing technologies to biotechnology start-up companies. This paper presents (1) examples of how the OTL works with biotechnology start-ups to negotiate licence agreements for Stanford-owned intellectual property, taking into account a new company's scarce financial resources and needs but their large intellectual property appetite; and (2) an analysis of the rate of success of biotechnology companies emerging from Stanford based on information obtained from the equity records at Stanford's OTL. OTL started taking equity more often in start-up companies in the mid-1990s and generally takes equity as part of most exclusive licences to early-stage companies.

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