Tensile properties and fire residue morphology of flame-retarded-polypropylene composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572092512
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flame Retarded

The polypropylene (PP) composites filled with flame retardants (including aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and zinc borate (ZB)) were prepared, and the composites were separately loaded with polyolefin elastomer (POE) and nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3). The tensile properties and the fire residue morphology of the specimens after burning for these three groups of composites were measured. The results were shown that the tensile fracture strength and the Young’s modulus increased while the tensile yield strength and the tensile elongation at break ( δ b) decreased with increasing flame-retardant volume fraction. At the same flame-retardant content, the δ b values of the PP/Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2/ZB/nano-CaCO3/POE composite were the highest in the three groups of composites. The fire residue in the pyrolysis zone of the specimens increased corresponding to the increased flame-retardant volume fraction and with loading the nano-CaCO3 and POE, especially at low-flame-retardant concentration. The reinforcing and the flame-retarded mechanisms of the composites were discussed.

Effects of graphene nano-platelets size and content on tensile properties of polypropylene composites at higher tension rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (18) ◽  
pp. 2443-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Tensile Fracture Strength

The influence of graphene nano-platelets size and content on tensile properties of polypropylene composites was investigated by means of a universal testing machine under room temperature and tension rate 300 mm/min. The results showed that the Young’s modulus increased with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction, the tensile yield strength and the tensile fracture strength increased when graphene nano-platelets weight fraction was lower than 0.4 wt.%, and then varied slightly with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction; while the tensile elongation at break decreased with increasing graphene nano-platelets weight fraction. In addition, the difference in tensile yield strength, tensile fracture strength, and tensile elongation at break between the composites reinforced separately with different size graphene nano-platelets was not significant under these experimental conditions; this could be attributed to the interfacial layer between the filler and the matrix could transfer some stress under tensile load.

scholarly journals Effect of Zr Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Superplasticity of a Forged SP700 Titanium Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Yongqing Zhao ◽  
Weidong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Superplastic Deformation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Zr Addition ◽  
Fine Microstructure

The present study focuses on the effect of 1% Zr addition on the microstructure, tensile properties and superplasticity of a forged SP700 alloy. The results demonstrated that Zr has a significant effect on inhibiting the microstructural segregation and increasing the volume fraction of β-phase in the forged SP700 alloy. After annealing at 820 °C for 1 h and aging at 500 °C for 6 h, the SP700 alloy with 1% Zr showed a completely globular and fine microstructure. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation of the alloy with optimized microstructure were 1185 MPa, 1296 MPa and 10%, respectively. The superplastic deformation was performed at 750 °C with an elongation of 1248%. The improvement of tensile properties and superplasticity of the forged SP700 alloy by Zr addition was mainly attributed to the uniform and fine globular microstructures.

Infrared Analysis on Pyrolysis Products of Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 900-906
Author(s):  
Ze Jiang Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Zi Qiong Gan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Antimony Trioxide ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Flame Retarded

Infrared spectra of the pyrolysis gases of polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide, or antimony trioxide flame retardants was analyzed online by FTIR method. At 600°C, the polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide or antimony trioxide flame retardants released more hydrogen cyanide than the pure polyurethane foam, proved that the MPOP, MP, MC and magnesium hydroxide flame retardants could change the law that the polyurethane released hydrogen cyanide. At 600 °C, the peak of C=O stretching vibration at 1730cm-1did not appear for the flame-retardant polyurethane, indicating that the flame retardants can make the polyurethane rapidly carbonize and the fewer C=O intermediate was produced. The absorbent peaks of the fire-retardant samples at 1604cm-1, 1538 cm-1, 1250 to 1230 cm-1and 1450cm-1implied that the flame retardants could delay the oxidative decomposition of the polyurethane component at 600 °C, so that more components may be carbonized. When increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the perlite would make polyurethane foam release fewer hydrogen cyanide.

Synergistic Effects of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphates VSB-1 on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 863-866
Author(s):  
Chao Peng ◽  
Shi Bin Nie ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Qi Lin He ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Nickel Phosphates

Nanoporous nickel phosphates (VSB-1) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Then VSB-1 was added to the ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol system in polypropylene (PP) matrix.The synergistic effect of VSB-1 with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) was studied by cone calorimetry test. The results of cone calorimetry show that heat release rate peak (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of intumescent flame retardant PP with 2wt% VSB-1 decrease remarkably compared with that of without VSB-1. The pHRR and THR decrease respectively from 1140 to 286.0 kW/m2, and from 96.0 to 63.2 MJ/m2.

scholarly journals Ammonium Polyphosphate Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide and Zinc Borate as Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Nanofillers for Polypropylene

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Gao ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Weiran Lin
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

We found in our previous study that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) which undergo aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment (AMOST) can tune the hydrophobicity surface of LDHs to be hydrophobic, and then the solvent mixing method can be used to prepare polymer/LDH nanocomposites. However, flame retardant property is not very high if LDHs are only used. In this present work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) intercalated LDHs and zinc borate (ZB) was incorporated into a polypropylene (PP) matrix using the solvent mixing method. The structures, morphologies, and performance of the composites were characterized carefully. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduction of PP containing 10 and 20 wt % APP-LDH reached 27% and 55%, respectively, which increased up to 63% compared with PP/CO3-LDH. After incorporating 2 wt % ZB in the PP/APP-LDH system, the flame retardant property was further improved. Polypropylene composites with 20 wt % APP-LDH and 2 wt % ZB showed a 58% PHRR reduction. In addition, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results indicated that the addition of APP-LDH and ZB improved the temperature at 50% weight loss (T50%) and the char formation of the materials significantly.

The effects of microcrystalline cellulose on the flammability and thermal behaviours of flame retarded natural fibre epoxy composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Pooria Khalili ◽  
Xiao Ling Liu ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
Ing Kong ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fabricate and characterize the natural fibre (NF) reinforced epoxy composites containing flame retardants (FRs) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in terms of flammability, thermal properties and dynamic mechanical performances. Design/methodology/approach The FRs used in this study were ammonium polyphosphate and alumina trihydrate. Findings The results demonstrated that the addition of MCC particles into the flame retardant composite (control) further enhanced the self-extinguishing properties of composites, in particular, the burn length. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the mass residue improved with every addition of MCC particles at 700 °C. For instance, the residual weight enhanced from 28.4 Wt.% to 33 Wt.% for the control and the composite with 7 Wt.% MCCs, respectively. As obtained from the dynamic mechanical analysis, the glass transition temperature of composites increased upon increasing inclusion of MCC particles. For example, this parameter was 77.1 °C and 86.8 °C for the control and composite loaded with 7 Wt.% MCC, respectively. Originality/value Thus, the combination of MCC and FR had been proved to be a promising flame retardant system for NF reinforced epoxy.

scholarly journals Chain Extension and Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aromatic Schiff Base Diepoxide on Polyamide 6/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxiang Liang ◽  
Jianan Cai ◽  
Shumei Liu ◽  
Hualin Lai ◽  
Jianqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant

A way to suppress the deterioration in mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) is required, especially with high loading of flame retardants in the matrix. In this study, a novel aromatic Schiff base diepoxide (DES) was synthesized. It exhibited an efficient chain extension effect on PA6 and a synergistic flame-retardant effect with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) for PA6. The PA6 composite with 16 wt.% AlPi only passed UL-94 V-0 rating at 1.6 mm thickness, while the combination of 1.5 wt.% DES with 13 wt.% AlPi induced PA6 to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating at 0.8 mm thickness. The tensile, flexural, and Izod notched impact strengths were increased by 16.2%, 16.5%, and 24.9%, respectively, compared with those of V-0 flame-retarded PA6 composites with 16 wt.% AlPi. The flame-retarded mechanism of PA6/AlPi/DES was investigated by cone calorimetry and infrared characterization of the char residues and pyrolysis products. These results showed that DES had a synergistic effect with AlPi in condensed-phase flame retardation by promoting the production of aluminum phosphorus oxides and polyphosphates in the char residues.

Preparation and Characterization of Excellent Flame Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1563-1566
Author(s):  
An Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yi He Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Flame Retarded

Rigid polyurethane foams were excellent thermal insulation materials with widely used, which was highly flammable at the same time. In order to obtain safe application, flame retarded polyurethane foams were needed. In this paper, series flame retarded rigid polyurethane foams were prepared with loading different flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, red phosphorus, Tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate. The effects of flame retardants on the foaming-process and flame retardant property of the rigid polyurethane foams were investigated by otary viscometer and limiting oxygen index. The results showed that the combination of solid and liquid flame retardants was necessary to improve the flame retardant and different flame retardants played synergistic roles in rigid polyurethane foams. The limiting oxygen indexes of the foams could be up to 30wt% and 29.6% with 25wt% solid flame retardants and 10wt% liquid retardants, respectively.

Flame Retardance and Thermal Decomposition of EVA Composites Containing Melamine Phosphate and Dipentaerythritol

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Gan Xin Jie ◽  
Ping Kai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Flame retarded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was prepared in a melt process containing melamine phosphate (MP), or MP in combination with dipentaerythritol (DPER) as flame retardants. The influence of MP and MP/DPER on flame retardant properties of EVA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94 test. Thermal decomposition of the flame retardants and flame retarded EVA composites was studied by the thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that MP used alone in EVA does not exerts good flame retardancy, even at a loading of 50wt%. It is found that the flame retardant properties of the EVA/MP/DPER composites is greatly improved when a suitable amount of MP substituted by DPER. Moreover, mechanical properties of the EVA composites were studied.

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