Identity, repression, and the threat of ethnic conflict in a strong state

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S Mele ◽  
David A Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Face ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Faced with repression from a strong state, one might expect minority ethnic groups to attempt to assimilate into the dominant group to make themselves seem less threatening. However, this conceptualization of threat elides its tactical components. Oppressed minority groups, even under strong states, may engage in anti-state operations in order to reduce the repression they face, and these operations may succeed with greater likelihood the more they assimilate. Anticipating this, strategic states may be more likely to preemptively raise repression in the face of assimilation in order to reduce this threat. Our model formalizes this logic, illustrating that it can be optimal for the minority group to differentiate even when doing so is strictly detrimental to mobilization. Differentiation is more likely to obtain when increased repression is more costly to the group and when the group’s anti-state operations are more capable of compelling the state to substantially reduce repression.

Disparity in family status attainment between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-546
Author(s):  
Md. Emaj Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Purpose Structural sociological framework suggests that sociopolitical and economic factors exert independent effects on variations in family status attainment (FSA) across the social/ethnic groups. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and predict how social-political-economic factors exert effects on disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study used the cross-cultural survey design to analyze the research objective. In doing so, 585 men (Muslim n=150, Hindu n=145, Santal n=145, and Oraon n=145) who were randomly selected through cluster sampling from the Rasulpur union of Bangladesh were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Findings The results of Pearson’s χ2 test have shown that FSA was significantly different (p<0.01) associated with social-political-economic factors between the majority and minority groups. The results of the linear regression analysis (coefficients of β) suggested that social, political, and economic factors were the best predictors (significant at p<0.01 level) to perpetuate disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. In addition, the results of coefficients of determination (R2) suggested that unequal distribution of social-political-economic resources perpetuates 10-14 percent disparities in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh. Research limitations/implications Although the findings of the study are suggestive to understand the disparity in FSA associated with social-political-economic factors, further cross-cultural research is needed on how the social psychological factor affects variations in FSA between the groups in Bangladesh. In spite of the limitation, social policymakers may apply the findings with caution to design social policy and practice to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Originality/value The cross-cultural findings are original in linking structural sociological theory and comparative family welfare policy to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability of Minority Ethnic Groups to Climate Change: A Case Study from the Northwest Mountainous Regions of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7106
Author(s):  
Van Thanh Tran ◽  
Duc-Anh An-Vo ◽  
Geoff Cockfield ◽  
Shahbaz Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Climate variability, climate change, and extreme events can compound the vulnerability of people heavily reliant on agriculture. Those with intersecting disadvantages, such as women, the poor, and ethnic minority groups, may be particularly affected. Understanding and assessing diverse vulnerabilities, especially those related to ethnicity, are therefore potentially important to the development of policies and programs aimed at enabling adaptation in such groups. This study uses a livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) method, along with qualitative data analysis, to compare the vulnerability of different smallholder farmers in Son La province, one of the poorest provinces in Vietnam. Data were collected from 240 households, representing four minority ethnic groups. The results indicated that household vulnerability is influenced by factors such as income diversity, debt, organizational membership, support from and awareness by local authorities, access to health services, water resources, and location. Results revealed that two of the ethnic groups’ households were, on average, more vulnerable, particularly regarding livelihood strategies, health, water, housing and productive land, and social network items when compared to the other two ethnic groups. The study shows the need for targeted interventions to reduce the vulnerability of these and similarly placed small ethnic communities.

scholarly journals HIGH SEROPREVALENCE FOR TOXOCARIASIS AMONG MINORITY GROUPS OF VARNA REGION, BULGARIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3852-3862
Author(s):  
Tatyana Cvetkova ◽  
◽  
Kalina Stoyanova ◽  
Tsonko Paunov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Toxocariasis in humans is a little-studied zoonosis, and there are no data on the impact of this parasitosis on the minority groups in our country. The purpose of this study is to establish the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among ethnic groups in the Varna region, North-eastern Bulgaria, and compare the results with a control group from the general population. Material/Methods: As a part of a large seroepidemiologic study, we assessed the presence of Toxocara IgG among 132 individuals, self-identified with Turkish and Roma ethnicities. As a control group, we used 250 sera from children and adults from a control group. The statistical comparison was performed regarding age, sex, and type of residence. Results: Toxocara IgG were established in 43 individuals from the minority groups (seroprevalence of 32.58%) and 39 persons in the control group (15.60%) with а statistically significant difference (odds ratio = 2.61). Considerably high seropositivity in the investigated ethnicities was discovered after separating by age: children-33.33%; adults-32.00% and gender: male-38.98%; female-27.40%. A detailed analysis revealed that the type of settlement is an important confounding factor. The seropositivity among the minority ethnic groups residing in small towns and villages is 35,40%, in contrast to the residents of Varna city of the same ethnical origin (15.79%); OR = 2.92. Conclusion: The established high seroprevalence for Toxocara IgG among minority ethnic groups, especially those residing in the rural settlements of North-eastern Bulgaria, shows undiscovered to this point increased risk for the spread of toxocariasis among this population.

Reconceptualizing indigeneity in minority ethnic groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 009182962097238
Author(s):  
Richard Hibbert ◽  
Evelyn Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Western European ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Models of indigeneity and contextualization tend to overlook the impact of surrounding cultures on the culture and sense of identity of minority ethnic groups. Recent debate about ethnic groups and their cultures in anthropology provides essential theoretical foundations for examining this issue. This article begins by exploring these foundations and their implications for missiological conceptions of indigeneity and for fostering indigenous expressions of faith. Then, drawing on theories of acculturation, the dynamic and multifaceted influence of other (particularly more dominant) cultures on minority groups is discussed, using the case of the Turkish-speaking Millet in Bulgaria and their western European diaspora to illustrate this. The consequences of failing to recognize outside influence on minority groups include miscontextualization and misapplication of principles of indigeneity. These are illustrated through the case of the Millet. Finally, implications for missionary practice are drawn out.

scholarly journals TOWARD MULTICULTURALISM IN DEALING WITH MINORITY GROUP Study Case: Saminism (A Social Work Perspective)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nina Mariani Noor
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Case

Multiculturalism is a term that is actually has been considered by Indonesian people long before the establishing of the nation-state. It can be seen from the underlying concept of multiculturalism in Indonesia that is comprised in the national philosophy Pancasila and the UUD 1945 Constitution. However, the implementation of multiculturalism in Indonesia did not start at that time.The implementation of multiculturalism in Indonesia emerged when the discourse of multiculturalism have spread over the world. Consequently, Indonesia, as a country which has multi-ethnic and multicultural society have to practice it both socially and politically.Since multiculturalism regards all groups involving in the State, both dominant groups and non-dominant ones, minority groups are had to have same opportunities in social, economy and political aspects. However, implementing multiculturalism is not as simple as imagined. There are several obstacles faced. On one hand, multiculturalism seems to be the best means in reaching social justice and equality among people. On the other hand, the social system constructed which is in domination of one or small cultural groups are difficult to be changed.Regrettably, the State as the holder of the authority is in dominant groups’ hand and it is trapped in defending status quo. As a result, the policies conducted relating to multiculturalism only benefit dominant group, whereas minority groups get nothing. It will be better if minority groups directly involved in deciding program that will be conducted in their community so that both the State and the minority group will benefit from the program.

scholarly journals Unequal impact of the COVID-19 crisis on minority ethnic groups: a framework for understanding and addressing inequalities

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216061
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Sham Lal ◽  
Enitan D Carrol ◽  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Minority ethnic groups have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the exact reasons for this remain unclear, they are likely due to a complex interplay of factors rather than a single cause. Reducing these inequalities requires a greater understanding of the causes. Research to date, however, has been hampered by a lack of theoretical understanding of the meaning of ‘ethnicity’ (or race) and the potential pathways leading to inequalities. In particular, quantitative analyses have often adjusted away the pathways through which inequalities actually arise (ie, mediators for the effect of interest), leading to the effects of social processes, and particularly structural racism, becoming hidden. In this paper, we describe a framework for understanding the pathways that have generated ethnic (and racial) inequalities in COVID-19. We suggest that differences in health outcomes due to the pandemic could arise through six pathways: (1) differential exposure to the virus; (2) differential vulnerability to infection/disease; (3) differential health consequences of the disease; (4) differential social consequences of the disease; (5) differential effectiveness of pandemic control measures and (6) differential adverse consequences of control measures. Current research provides only a partial understanding of some of these pathways. Future research and action will require a clearer understanding of the multiple dimensions of ethnicity and an appreciation of the complex interplay of social and biological pathways through which ethnic inequalities arise. Our framework highlights the gaps in the current evidence and pathways that need further investigation in research that aims to address these inequalities.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism is not dead – On political implications of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 030981682098238
Author(s):  
Miloš Šumonja
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The news is old – neoliberalism is dead for good, but this time, even Financial Times knows it. Obituaries claim that it had died from the coronavirus, as the state, not the markets, have had to save both the people and the economy. The argument of the article is that these academic and media interpretations of ‘emergency Keynesianism’ misidentify neoliberalism with its anti-statist rhetoric. For neoliberalism is, and has always been, about ‘the free market and the strong state’. In fact, rather than waning in the face of the coronavirus crisis, neoliberal states around the world are using the ongoing ‘war against the virus’ to strengthen their right-hand grip on the conditions of the working classes.

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