Psychological theory as administrative politics: Boris Lomov’s systems approach in the context of the Soviet science establishment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512199196
Author(s):  
Vladimir Konnov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
Theoretical Scheme ◽  
Soviet Psychology

The article is a study into the advent of the ‘systems approach’ in Soviet psychology in the 1970s. This arose mainly through the theoretical publications of B. F. Lomov, written after he had been appointed director of the newly established Institute of Psychology. These publications are examined as reflections of those interests related to the sociopolitical role of the director of this leading psychology institution, which was officially charged with building a common theoretical and methodological framework for all Soviet psychology. The main goal of these texts, predetermined by the role of their author, was to advance a theoretical scheme that made possible a formal unification of the schools of psychology, and which at the same time promoted an image of psychology as a research field that was both capable of achieving practically applicable results and compatible with the new ‘big science’ trend.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

The investment activity of Russian business: Relationships with corporate income tax burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-823
Author(s):  
A.A. Razuvaeva ◽  
N.V. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tax Benefits

Subject. This article assesses the role of tax incentives for the Russian business' investment behavior. Objectives. The article aims to identify the relationship between the corporate income tax burden as an indicator responding to tax benefits application and the investment activities of Russian companies. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, and the systems approach. The analysis covers the period from 2012 to 2018. The data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Tax Service of Russia, and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation are the source of information for analysis. Results. The article summarizes the characteristics of the investment activity of the Russian business. However, the article does not reveal any obvious relationship between the income tax burden and the investment activity of the Russian business in the 2010s. There is also no link found between fixed investment and return on assets. Conclusions. The increase in income tax burden in the late 2010s, accompanied by a decrease in profitability, poses a threat to the active investment development of Russian organizations.

Business Aviation in Russia: Specific Features and Prospects of Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
D. V. Slivinsky ◽  
I. A. Fomina ◽  
D. G. Menshikh
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Business Aviation ◽  
Wide Range

The presented study determines the role of business aviation in the modern economy and examines the specific features of its development in Russia.Aim. The study aims to analyze the development of business aviation in Russia and its correlation with economic development in general.Tasks. The authors determine the benefits of business aviation as a business tool, examine the specific features of the Russian business aviation market and problems of its development, and identify factors that affect the development of business aviation in Russia.Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, cross-country comparison, systems approach, and expert analytics.Results. Business aviation is a new segment of civil aviation for Russia. Therefore, it is advisable to rely on foreign practices in the management of its development. In many countries, business aviation is a separate industry that specializes in providing transport services to a wide range of corporate clients and/or individuals. The development of this industry is associated with the economic growth rate and the development level of the national economy, and also depends on the national institutional specifics. This study describes the specific features of development of business aviation in Russia and problems arising in the organization and management of this type of business.Conclusions. The authors develop a system of factors affecting the development of business aviation in Russia, describe the major problems of this industry, and propose solutions. The results of this study can be used in the development (adjustment) of business aviation development strategies in Russia both at the industrial and corporate level, and in the implementation of the national policy in this field.

A Systems Approach to Voluntary CSR Reporting: The Role of Internal Resources

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Mahmoudian ◽  
Jamal A. Nazari ◽  
Irene M. Herremans
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Csr Reporting

scholarly journals A Study on the Integration of Resilience and Smart City Concepts in Urban Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Anastasia Tzioutziou ◽  
Yiannis Xenidis
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
City Management ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Many ◽  
Development And Management

The continuous growth of cities brings out various concerns for improved development and management of the multifaceted urban systems, including those of resilience and smartness. Despite the many significant efforts in the research field, both notions remain changeable, thus retaining the lack of commonly accepted conceptual and terminological frameworks. The paper’s research goals are to designate the current direct and indirect links in the conceptualizations and research trends of the resilience and smart city frameworks and to prove the potential of the conceptual convergence between them in the context of urban systems. The application of a semi-systematic literature review, including bibliometric evidence and followed by content analysis, has led to the observation that as the resilience discourse opens up to embrace other dimensions, including technology, the smart city research turns its interest to the perspective of urban protection. Therefore, both concepts share the goal for urban sustainability realized through specific capacities and processes and operationalized with the deployment of technology. The paper’s findings suggest that the conceptual and operational foundations of these two concepts could support the emergence of an integrated framework. Such a prospect acknowledges the instrumental role of the smart city approach in the pursuit of urban resilience and unfolds a new model for sustainable city management and development.

scholarly journals Engineering Solutions to COVID-19 and Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda A. Barabino
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Design Skills

AbstractThe role of engineers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in the elimination of health disparities, while not always visible, has important implications for the attainment of impactful solutions. The design skills, systems approach, and innovative mindset that engineers bring all have the potential to combat crises in novel and impactful ways. When a disparities lens is applied, a lens that views gaps in access, resources, and care, the engineering solutions are bound to be more robust and equitable. The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the Black community and other communities of color is linked to inequities in health rooted in a centuries long structural racism. Engineers working collaboratively with physicians and healthcare providers are poised to close equity gaps and strengthen the collective response to COVID-19 and future pandemics.

Role of CEUS in Vascular Pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Cantisani ◽  
Nicola Di Leo ◽  
Emanuele David ◽  
Dirk-André Clevert
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
Time Evaluation

AbstractIn recent years, the implementation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in clinical practice has opened new horizons in the arterial pathologies research field, since this technique is able to supply new sets of data that can be crucial in patient management. The main applications of CEUS in the arterial system are the detection, characterization, and follow-up of carotid plaques and endoleaks after EVAR. Other situations in which CEUS was demonstrated to be a useful tool are large vessel vasculitis, dissections, and untreated aneurysms. In carotid atherosclerosis CEUS is not only able to acquire quantitative data about stenosis but also to perform a qualitative assessment of the plaque. The most important plaque features that CEUS is able to depict are ulceration, neovascularization, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. All of these factors contribute to plaque vulnerability. Thus, CEUS is crucial in order to allow better risk stratification and management of patients. In follow-up after EVAR, CEUS shows sensitivity and specificity values similar to CTA while ensuring several advantages, such as lower cost and the absence of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic agents. Moreover, CEUS is able to offer real-time evaluation of endoleaks and thus is a useful tool in cases that are ambiguous on CTA. Most limitations are patient-related and are the same as in all other ultrasound techniques, such as high BMI and meteorism.

scholarly journals Anatomy of a Psychological Theory: Integrating Construct-Validation and Computational-Modeling Methods to Advance Theorizing

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162096679
Author(s):  
Ivan Grahek ◽  
Mark Schaller ◽  
Jennifer L. Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

Discussions about the replicability of psychological studies have primarily focused on improving research methods and practices, with less attention paid to the role of well-specified theories in facilitating the production of reliable empirical results. The field is currently in need of clearly articulated steps to theory specification and development, particularly regarding frameworks that may generalize across different fields of psychology. Here we focus on two approaches to theory specification and development that are typically associated with distinct research traditions: computational modeling and construct validation. We outline the points of convergence and divergence between them to illuminate the anatomy of a scientific theory in psychology—what a well-specified theory should contain and how it should be interrogated and revised through iterative theory-development processes. We propose how these two approaches can be used in complementary ways to increase the quality of explanations and the precision of predictions offered by psychological theories.

scholarly journals A Survey of Function Analysis and Applied Dynamic Equations on Hybrid Time Scales

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Ravi P. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Time Scale Calculus ◽  
The Difference

As an effective tool to unify discrete and continuous analysis, time scale calculus have been widely applied to study dynamic systems in both theoretical and practical aspects. In addition to such a classical role of unification, the dynamic equations on time scales have their own unique features which the difference and differential equations do not possess and these advantages have been highlighted in describing some complicated dynamical behavior in the hybrid time process. In this review article, we conduct a survey of abstract analysis and applied dynamic equations on hybrid time scales, some recent main results and the related developments on hybrid time scales will be reported and the future research related to this research field is discussed. The results presented in this article can be extended and generalized to study both pure mathematical analysis and real applications such as mathematical physics, biological dynamical models and neural networks, etc.

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