scholarly journals Gender Ideology: For a ‘Third Sex’ Without Reserve

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Loughlin

‘Gender ideology’ is a term used by many, but especially the Vatican, to chastise the view that sexual difference is more than just male and female, sexuality more than desire of the opposite. Each of the three books discussed in this article defends some version of this supposed ideology; each argues—though in different ways—for the need to move beyond a dimorphic account of sexual difference. Their arguments are taken up and deployed against what is here presented as the ideology of sexual dimorphism, as it is seen in the body theology of John Paul II. It is argued that such a theology dehumanises intersexed people, along with homosexuals, and undermines Christian soteriology. The church needs to acknowledge as fully human all who don’t conform to heterosexual dimorphism; it needs to embrace a ‘third sex’ without reserve.

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Laffitte

A partire dalla seconda metà del secolo scorso, la Chiesa si è trovata a dover ripensare i rapporti tra fede, teologia e antropologia in problematiche nuove come, ad esempio, la sessualità umana. Interprete privilegiato di questa rielaborazione è stato, senza dubbio, Giovanni Paolo II che in più occasioni ha avuto modo di riflettere e illustrare la teologia, la antropologia e l’etica che sostengono la visione cristiana della sessualità umana. Di questa vasta produzione, l’articolo prende in esame soprattutto le Catechesi di Giovanni Paolo II con frequenti richiami e illustrazioni del pensiero del filosofo Karol Wojty´la. L’analisi dell’autore prende le mosse dall’esposizione di Giovanni Paolo II dei dati creaturali dei tre primi capitoli del libro della Genesi, esaminando, in particolar modo, i significati fondamentali della solitudine originaria dell’uomo verso la creazione e poi il rapporto maschio-femmina. Vengono illustrati quindi l’esperienza dell’amore e l’ethos del dono: l’esperienza cristiana è presentata dal Pontefice come evento e saggezza e legata all’esperienza di amore che l’uomo sperimenta nel rapporto di filiazione che lo unisce a Dio; l’esperienza dell’amore coniugale ruota attorno alla corporeità umana e ai suoi valori/significati. Il corpo assume dunque un significato sponsale che conserva anche dopo la caduta, testimonianza dell’innocenza originaria e della libertà del dono. In tale contesto l’esperienza dell’amore è vissuta come mediazione di una conoscenza che va al di là della persona dell’amato aprendo l’orizzonte al dono divino anteriore. Nella seconda parte del contributo si prendono in esame i significati dell’amore e l’esperienza etica della sessualità così come sviluppati da Giovanni Paolo II: nella corporeità umana, in cui è impressa la complementarietà biologica, vi è una chiamata alla comunione che non è solo comunione tra i due sessi, ma che rimanda a una divina comunione di Persone. L’autore esamina anche l’esercizio della sessualità in rapporto alla legge naturale intesa come conformità alla ragione umana protesa verso la verità. Tale conformità conduce alla retta comprensione dell’intima struttura dell’atto coniugale, la cui “verità ontologica” si manifesta nell'inscindibilità delle due dimensioni unitiva e procreativa. In questa ampia visione della sessualità è compreso anche il mistero dell’amore nuziale tra Cristo e la Chiesa: la comunione di vita e d’amore tra l’uomo e la donna ha come missione propria di significare e rendere attuale l’unione tra Cristo e la sua Chiesa. L’articolo termina con l’analisi del legame tra corpo e sacramento e della dimensione sacrificale e nuziale del dono eucaristico. ---------- Since the second half of the last century, the Church has found herself having to rethink the relationship between faith, theology, and anthropology within new problems concerning, for example, human sexuality. Without any doubt, a privileged interpreter of this reprocessing was John Paul II, who on more occasions had a way of reflecting upon and illustrating the theology, anthropology, and ethics that support the Christian vision of human sexuality. Out of the vast work produced, the article examines especially the Catecheses of John Paul II with frequent appeals to and illustrations of the thought of Karol Wojty´la. The author’s analysis begins its quest with John Paul II’s exposition of creatural data in the first three chapters of the Book of Genesis, examining in particular the fundamental meanings of the original solitude of man toward creation and then the relationship between male and female. The experience of love and the ethos of gift thus come to be illustrated: Christian experience is presented by the Pontiff as event and wisdom and is connected to the experience of love that man experiences in the relationship of filiation that unites Him to God. The experience of conjugal love revolves around human corporeity and its values/meanings. The body thus assumes a spousal meaning that remains even after the Fall, serving as testimony of original innocence and the freedom of gift. Within such a context, the experience of love is lived out as the mediation of knowledge that goes beyond the person of the loved, opening up the horizon to the earlier divine gift. In the second part of this contribution, the meanings of love and the ethical experience of sexuality as such are examined as developments by John Paul II: In human corporeity, upon which biological complementarity is impressed, there is a call to communion that is not only communion between the two sexes, but which refers back to a divine communion of Persons. The author also examines the exercise of sexuality in relation to a natural law intended as conformity to a human reason reaching toward truth. Such conformity leads to the proper understanding of the intimate structure of the conjugal act, whose “ontological truth” manifests itself through the inseparability of the two dimensions: unitive and the procreative. Within this comprehensive vision of sexuality also resonates the mystery of nuptial love between Christ and the Church: The communion of life and love between man and woman that has as its own mission to signify and render present the union between Christ and His Church. The article ends with an analysis of the connection between body and sacrament and of the sacrificial and nuptial dimension of the Eucharistic gift.


2019 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Marika Rose

This conclusion draws together the themes of the book, exploring what a theology of failure looks like in relation to four overarching themes: freedom, materiality, hierarchy, and universalism. This account of ontology, desire, and Christian theology suggests not only that completeness is impossible but also that purity is impossible. The internal rupture that both constitutes and disrupts every individual economic identity is also the rupture between the social economy of the relationship between the individual and others, language and the body, theology and philosophy, God and the created order. Theology can no more remain immune from its others than it can completely encompass them. Once there was no secular; and yet the genealogy of the church, of Christian theology, is constantly interrupted, contaminated, and enriched by the profane, the abject, and the horrific. Theology is failure; the task, then, is to fail better, to liberate our others in order to begin the difficult work of learning how to love them.


2019 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mari

The article presents anthropological, philosophical and theological foundation of the relationship between male/female identities in the light of the biblical-christian tradition. The first part introduces the concept of the primary reciprocity in Gen 1-2 focusing on affinity and difference between man and woman as well as man and woman’s reciprocal essentiality. The second part pertains to male/female reciprocity according to the “theology of the body” by John Paul II which includes a broad notion of freedom. Lastly, the article describes educational tasks including the nuptiality of human body with regards to Christian personalization. Proposed pedagogical vision involves promoting male and female identities according to their difference and to their common dignity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Fiqih Aisyatul Farokhah ◽  
Sri Kusumo Habsari ◽  
Mugijatna Mugijatna

Dalam dunia sastra Indonesia, khususnya novel-novel pop saat ini tengah menjadikan perempuan dan seks sebagai isu-isu yang sangat penting. Para penulis pria maupun wanita sering menggunakan tema seks dalam karya-karya mereka yang diyakini sedang menjadi tren. Seperti halnya Indah Hanaco dalam novelnya, the Curse of Beauty, Wenda Koiman dalam novelnya Curahan Hati Sang SPG juga bercerita tentang penindasan seksual perempuan melalui profesi mereka sebagai Sales Promotion Girl (SPG). Hal ini tentu saja berlainan dengan pandangan Islam yang telah memberikan perhatian lebih kepada perempuan karena telah dijelaskan dalam beberapa ayat dan hadits. Melalui fenomena SPG dalam perpektif yang sama baik oleh pengarang perempuan ataupun laki-laki, yang menjadi subjek yang terpinggirkan baik dalam dunia nyata maupun yang digambarkan dalam novel pop makamakalah ini mencoba untuk mengungkapkan (1) bagaimana bentuk penindasan seksual tubuh SPG dalam kedua novel pop ini? (2) Bagaimana pandangan penulis tentang seksualitas perempuan yang diangkat melalui cerita SPG yang tercermin dalam kedua novel pop ini (3) bagaimanacara Islam melihat wacana seksualitas yang dihadapi oleh SPG dalam kedua novel pop ini?.Makalah ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diambil dari semua deskriptif mengenai penampilan tubuh SPG untuk memahami makna naratif dari tubuh. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bagaimana fenomena penindasan seksual perempuan melalui profesinya sebagai SPG telah menenggelamkan mereka dalam keterpurukan yang dalam yang berakibat pada seksploitasi yang tidak sesuai dengan norma agama terutama dalam Islam. Di sini, perempuan sama halnya dengan perangka elektronik yang dengan cepat mengalami pasang surut model mereka dan perlahan menghilang dalam sirkulasi.[In Indonesian pop novels, women and sex are two particular important issues. Many male and female writers use sexual issues as a trendy theme of their works. This issue can be seen in Indah Hanaco’s novel the Curse of Beauty and Wenda Koiman’s Curhan Hati Sang SPG. Both works also talk about women sexual oppression from their profession as Sales Promotion Girl (SPG), which in some cases, are contradictory with Islamic teaching. The phenomenon of SPG’s marginalization is depicted in the pop novel from the same perspective between men and women authors. Therefore, this article tries to explore (1) how are the forms of sexual oppression of SPG’s body in this pop novels; (2) how are the authors’ perspective on female sexuality through the SPG’s story reflected in this pop novels; (3) how does Islam see the sexuality discourse faced by SPG in this pop novels. This research uses descriptive qualitative. The data is taken from all descriptives concerning SPG body appearance to understand the narrative meaning of the body. This article shows how the phenomenon of women sexual oppression through their profession as SPG has drowned them to the deep immersed that affect to sexploitation and it is not suitable with the norm of religion especially in Islam. Here, women are assumed like electronic devices that appear and disappear quickly as new models come to new circulation]


1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Sandra Freeman

In her essay, ‘The Laugh of the Medusa’, Hélène Cixous talks about bisexuality and writing. Feminist writing may be said to be truly bisexual not in the sense which does away with sexual difference thereby producing neutrality, but in the sense that male and female are both omnipresent, exchanging, intermingling, enriching each other. Freed from the constraints of conventional binary opposition, male and female are able to unite, divide, multiply in an almost endless expansion of possibilities. The celebration of difference which does not divide, which is at the heart of sexual pleasure, transfusing and transforming the whole living being, will be found in women's writing, since women's songs spring from a body which denies castration. I use the future tense, since in the same essay Cixous declares that these songs use the future tense, since these songs have not yet been written, that women must liberate themselves from the dominance of the phallus, of men's language, in order to give voice to thensensuality, their sexuality, in all its complexity; to speak in the language which existed before patriarchal dominance, the fore-language which has a multiplicity of tongues. To sing a woman's song, in the language of the body, which rejects the law of the castrating father, telling of a total sexual pleasure knowing no guilt, no boundaries, is a courageous act in a world which has invented the direst forms of punishment for such transgression.


Moreana ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (Number 157- (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
John McConica

During the period in which these papers were given, there were great achievements on the ecumenical scene, as the quest to restore the Church’s unity was pursued enthusiastically by all the major Christiandenominations. The Papal visit of John Paul II to England in 1982 witnessed a warmth in relationships between the Church of England and the Catholic Church that had not been experienced since the early 16th century Reformation in England to which More fell victim. The Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission was achieving considerable doctrinal consensus and revisionist scholarship was encouraging an historical review by which the faithful Catholic and the confessing Protestant could look upon each other respectfully and appreciatively. It is to this ecumenical theme that James McConica turns in his contribution.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
V. G. Galonsky ◽  
N. V. Tarasova ◽  
V. V. Aliamovskii ◽  
I. S. Leonovich

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.


Pro Ecclesia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-215
Author(s):  
Paul Gondreau

Thomas Aquinas offers for his time a novel take on human sexual difference, in that he grounds human sexuality in what we might term a metaphysical biology and accords it a privileged role in the moral life. Though his biology is drawn from Aristotle, which leads Aquinas to make problematic statements on sexual difference, he nonetheless offers a perspective that remains deeply relevant and significant for today. His method or approach of tethering sexual difference first and foremost to our animal-like biological design remains perennial, particularly at a time when many seek to dismiss biology as irrelevant to sexual identity and gender difference. The latest findings of the emerging field of neurobiology, which have uncovered structural differences between the male and female brains, offer key support to Aquinas’s approach. Even more important, he holds, in an unprecedented move, that sexual design and inclination provide a veritable source of moral excellence. He goes so far as to locate the mean of virtue in our sexual design and appetites.


Author(s):  
Luise Hochmuth ◽  
Christiane Körner ◽  
Fritzi Ott ◽  
Daniela Volke ◽  
Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan ◽  
...  

AbstractThe liver is one of the most sexually dimorphic organs. The hepatic metabolic pathways that are subject to sexual dimorphism include xenobiotic, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are among diseases with sex-dependent prevalence, progression and outcome. Although male and female livers differ in their abilities to metabolize foreign compounds, including drugs, sex-dependent treatment and pharmacological dynamics are rarely applied in all relevant cases. Therefore, it is important to consider hepatic sexual dimorphism when developing new treatment strategies and to understand the underlying mechanisms in model systems. We isolated primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL6/N mice and examined the sex-dependent transcriptome, proteome and extracellular metabolome parameters in the course of culturing them for 96 h. The sex-specific gene expression of the general xenobiotic pathway altered and the female-specific expression of Cyp2b13 and Cyp2b9 was significantly reduced during culture. Sex-dependent differences of several signaling pathways increased, including genes related to serotonin and melatonin degradation. Furthermore, the ratios of male and female gene expression were inversed for other pathways, such as amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation, androgen signaling and hepatic steatosis. Because the primary hepatocytes were cultivated without the influence of known regulators of sexual dimorphism, these results suggest currently unknown modulatory mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in vitro. The large sex-dependent differences in the regulation and dynamics of drug metabolism observed during cultivation can have an immense influence on the evaluation of pharmacodynamic processes when conducting initial preclinical trials to investigate potential new drugs.


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