Synthesis and properties of a novel silicon-containing phthalonitrile resin and its quartz-fiber-reinforced composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112-1121
Author(s):  
Junjie Hu ◽  
Yanhong Hu ◽  
Shi Feng Deng ◽  
Jia li Zhou ◽  
Ning Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Quartz Fiber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

A novel silicon-containing phthalonitrile monomer named bis(4-(4′-(4′-phenoxy)phenyl)phenyl)dimethylsilane phthalonitrile (SiBPPN) was successfully designed and synthesized. The chemical structure was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, and its molecular weight was determined by mass spectrometry. Its melting point is lower than that of 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (BPPN), which has no silicon atom, and its solubility is also much better than that of BPPN. The curing behavior of SiBPPN was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR analyses in detail. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of the polymer and laminate were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that the cured SiBPPN (c-SiBPPN) possesses excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Under nitrogen atmosphere, its residual weight ratio at 800°C is 81.5% and the 5% thermal degradation temperature is 546°C. In addition, quartz-fiber (QF)-reinforced c-SiBPPN composites exhibit mechanical properties superior to those of QF-reinforced cured BPPN composites. The interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 30.44 and 389 MPa at room temperature, and the interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 22.25 and 339 MPa at 300°C.

Effect of Needling Parameters on Mechanical Properties of C/C Composites Reinforced by Carbon Cloth

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 1521-1524
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu Zhang ◽  
He Jun Li ◽  
Zhi Biao Hao ◽  
Hong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Needle Punching ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The influence of needling parameters on mechanical properties of carbon-carbon (C-C)composites reinforced by needled carbon cloth was studied in the present investigation. The results showed that needling density (ND)and needle-punching depth (PD) both had a larger effect on interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) than on compression strength and flexible strength of Needling C-C(NC-C). The mechanical properties of NC-C increased with increasing punching density in the range of 20-45 punch/cm2 and also with increasing punching depth range from10 to16mm. The NC-C with the highest ND value of 55punch/cm2 had highest ILSS value of 27 MPa.The optimized ND and PD parameters was 30 punch/cm2 and 12mm respectively, which resulted in a high value of tensile strength(119MPa), bending strength (220MPa) and compression strength (235 MPa) in the X-Y direction .

Mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites in transverse and longitudinal fiber directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112098651
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Saadatyar ◽  
Mohammad Hosain Beheshty ◽  
Razi Sahraeian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Lap Shear Strength ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Longitudinal Fiber ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy (UCFRE) is suffering from weak transverse mechanical properties and through-thickness properties. The effect of different amount (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 phr which is proportional to 0.09, 0.27 and 0.46 wt%, respectively) of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), on transverse tensile properties, flexural strength, fracture toughness in transverse and longitudinal fiber directions, interlaminar shear strength and lap shear strength of UCFRE has been investigated. Dicyandiamide was used as a thermal curing agent of epoxy resin. MWCNT was dispersed in the epoxy resin by ultrasonic instrument and their dispersion state was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The curing behavior of epoxy resin and its nanocomposites was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that transverse tensile strength, modulus and strain-at-break were increased by 28.5%, 25% and 14%, respectively by adding 0.1 phr of MWCNT. Longitudinal flexural properties of UCFRE was not changed by adding different amount of MWCNT. Although longitudinal flexural strength was increased by 5% by adding 0.1 phr of MWCNT. Fracture toughness in transverse and longitudinal fiber directions was increased by 39% and 9%, respectively at 0.3 phr of MWCNT. Results also show that interlaminar shear strength and lap shear strength were increased at 0.3 phr of MWCNT by 8% and 5%, respectively. These increases in mechanical properties were due to the good adhesion of fibers to the matrix, interlocking and toughening action of MWCNT as revealed by SEM.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Carbon Fibers by Grafting PEEK-NH2 for Improving Interfacial Adhesion with Polyetheretherketone

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwathig. Hassan ◽  
Tienah. Elagib ◽  
Hafeezullah Memon ◽  
Muhuo Yu ◽  
Shu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Due to the non-polar nature and low wettability of carbon fibers (CFs), the interfacial adhesion between CFs and the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix is poor, and this has negative effects on the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites. In this work, we established a modification method to improve the interface between CFs and PEEK based chemical grafting of aminated polyetheretherketone (PEEK-NH2) on CFs to create an interfacial layer which has competency with the PEEK matrix. The changed chemical composition, surface morphology, surface energy, and interlaminar shear strength were investigated. After grafting, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was improved by 33.4% due to the covalent bonds in the interface region, as well as having good compatibility between the interface modifier and PEEK. Finally, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation also confirmed that the properties of the modified CF/PEEK composites interface were enhanced. This work is, therefore, a beneficial approach towards enhancing the mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites by controlling the interface between CFs and the PEEK matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Additive on Flexural and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Charfi ◽  
Ronan Mathieu ◽  
Jean-François Chatelain ◽  
Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Composite materials are widely used in various manufacturing fields from aeronautic and aerospace industries to the automotive industry. This is due to their outstanding mechanical properties with respect to their light weight. However, some studies showed that the major flaws of these materials are located at the fiber/matrix interface. Therefore, enhancing matrix adhesion properties could significantly improve the overall material characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of graphene particles on the adhesion properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural testing. Seven modified epoxy resins were prepared with different graphene contents. The CFRP laminates were next manufactured using a method that guarantees a repeatable and consistent fiber volume fraction with a low porosity level. Short beam shear and flexural tests were performed to compare the effect of graphene on the mechanical properties of the different laminates. It was found that 0.25 wt.% of graphene filler enhanced the flexural strength by 5%, whilst the higher concentrations (2 and 3 wt.%) decreased the flexural strength by about 7%. Regarding the ILSS, samples with low concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 wt.%) demonstrated a decent increase. Meanwhile, 3 wt.% slightly decreases the ILSS.

The mechanical performance of the laminated aluminum-epoxy/glass fiber composites containing halloysite nanotubes: An experimental investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096073
Author(s):  
Marwa A Abd El-baky ◽  
Mohamed A Attia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

In this study, the effect of different weight percentages (wt. %) of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical performance of glass laminate aluminum (Al) reinforced epoxy (GLARE) was investigated. GLARE (3/2) laminates with quasi-isotropic lay-up, [Al/[(0°/90°)/(45°/−45°)]s/Al/[(0°/90°)/(45°/−45°)]s/Al] filled with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt. % of HNTs were fabricated using hand lay-up followed by compression molding. To explore the effect of HNTs on the mechanical properties, tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, bearing and impact tests were conducted. Results demonstrated that the inclusion of 1 wt. % of HNTs into GLARE leads to maximum improvements of 35.67, 8.50, 28.85, 50.47, 50.27, 30.43, 23.73, 72.08, 30.74, and 51.52% in tensile strength, tensile strain, Young's modulus, modulus of toughness, flexural strength, flexural strain, in-plane shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, bearing strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to pristine GLARE. An enhancement of 38.89% in the flexural modulus was attained by adding 0.5 wt. % of HNTs to GLARE compared to pristine GLARE. The tensile strength, tensile strain, modulus of toughness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, flexural strain, in-plane shear strength, and interlaminar shear strength of GLARE filled with 3 wt. % of HNTs are 0.91, 0.88, 0.91, 0.91, 0.71, 0.83, 0.85, and 0.91 times those of the original GLARE. But Young’s modulus, bearing strength, and impact strength are 1.10, 1.15 and 1.20 times those of the original GLARE. To investigate the fracture mechanism, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used. The microscopic images revealed that adding HNTs lead to the improvement in the interaction between the epoxy matrix and glass fiber, thereby improving the mechanical properties.

Improvement of interlaminar shear strength of 2.5D fabric laminated composites with short-cut web interlayer

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Song ◽  
Jialu Li ◽  
Yufen Zhao ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Abstract In this study, the short-cut web interlayer and three-dimensional (3D) needle-punched technique were used to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 2.5D fabric laminated composites. The ILSS was measured by the short beam testing method, and the tensile and bending tests were carried out to investigate the in-plane mechanical properties. Observations on microstructure and crack propagation were carried out. The damage mechanisms of different 2.5D fabric laminated composites were analyzed. The results showed that the short-cut web interlayer and 3D needle-punched technique resulted in the improvement of ILSS, and they affected the tensile and bending properties of 2.5D fabric laminated composites.

A comparative study of the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with different cure ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (29) ◽  
pp. 4105-4116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Nazair ◽  
Brahim Benmokrane ◽  
Marc-Antoine Loranger ◽  
Mathieu Robert ◽  
Allan Manalo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Cure ratio is a key property for the acceptance and use of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in civil engineering infrastructure. Yet, there have been no reported studies investigating the effect of cure ratio on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymer bars. This paper presents an interlaboratory test program involving four laboratories to evaluate the cure ratio and glass transition temperature of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars from different production lots. The effect of cure ratio on the physical, mechanical, and microstructure of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was also evaluated. The results of this study show that the cure ratio significantly affected the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars tested. The results also show that interlaminar shear strength of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was affected by the cure ratio but not the physical and tensile properties, microstructure, or chemical composition. The fully cured glass fiber reinforced polymer bars had interlaminar shear strength up to 8% higher than the partially cured bars. Nonetheless, the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with a cure ratio of only 96% still had properties well above the minimum prescribed physical and mechanical properties for the reinforcing materials in concrete structures.

Shear Strength Evaluation of Laminated Binderless Bamboo Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Takagi ◽  
Hirohito Matsukawa ◽  
Antonio Norio Nakagaito
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

In this paper, the interlaminar shear strength properties of laminated binderless bamboo composites is described. The binderless bamboo composites were prepared by hot-pressing of steam-exploded Moso bamboo stripes. In order to explore the effect of node section on the mechanical properties of the laminated binderless bamboo composites, the node section was flattened by shaving the nodes off. The result of our experiment clearly shows that the shear strength of the laminated binderless bamboo composites increased by flattening of the node section.

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