Acceptability of dual HIV/syphilis rapid test in community- and home-based testing strategy among transgender women in Buenos Aires, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Virginia Zalazar ◽  
Claudia E Frola ◽  
Ana Gun ◽  
Pablo D Radusky ◽  
Natalia K Panis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Little is known of acceptability and feasibility of dual HIV and syphilis rapid tests in community- and home-based provider-initiated strategies among transgender women (TGW), in Latin America. Objectives were (1) to assess the acceptability of this strategy and, (2) to determine the percentage of positive results of HIV and syphilis, analyze the correlates of HIV or syphilis positive results, and measure the rates of effective referral and treatment completion among TGW. Methods: A multidisciplinary team tested 89 TGW in Buenos Aires. An acceptability survey was administered after the HIV/syphilis Duo test was used. All confirmed cases were referred for treatment initiation. Results: We found high levels of acceptability (98.8%) of this strategy among TGW. However, only 60.7% preferred simultaneous HIV and syphilis diagnosis test. Moreover, we found 9% of positive results of HIV, 51.7% of syphilis, and 3.4% of positive results for both infections. Only not being tested before was associated with an HIV positive result, and only low level of education was associated with a positive syphilis result. Among 8 TGW who tested positive for HIV, 37.5% ( n = 3) started antiretroviral therapy. Of 46 who tested positive for syphilis, only 73.9% ( n = 34) were effectively referred and from 23 who started treatment, only 39.1% completed it. Conclusions: Community- and home-based dual HIV and syphilis rapid test is a feasible and highly acceptable approach for this hard-to-reach population. Implementing similar strategies could improve screening uptake and accessibility. However, these results highlight the need to improve strategies for treatment uptake, in order to reduce morbidity and risk of onward transmission.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Analytical Sensitivity of ELISA Test System DIA®-SARS-CoV-2-Ag-R with Rapid Tests for Viral Antigen SARS-CoV-2 Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
А.Y. Horlov ◽  
◽  
V.H. Serdiuk ◽  
О.K. Kiselova ◽  
A.O. Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Positive Results

A novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, that emerged as a major pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 was identified as a betacoronavirus. Nucleocapsid protein (NP) is evolutionary high protein homologies and solid structure protein for SARS-CoV-2 detection as opposed to other proteins, that aren`t reliable as a single viral antigen during diagnostics methods. The viral RNA can be detected from nasal and pharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by PCR assay. However, the wrong collection of samples can lead to false-negative diagnosis and have dangerous consequences at this stage of pandemic. One of efficient and accurate methodological approaches for the screening of pathogens are serological assays. Aim. Evaluation and comparison of the sensitivity of invented DIA®-SARS-CoV-2-Ag-R enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based test system and commercial rapid tests, which detect the viral antigen of SARS-CoV-2. Methods. We carried out a comparison of DIA®-SARS-CoV-2-Ag-R and existed commercial test systems, which are used to detect the antigen of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Rapid tests are intended for nasopharyngeal swabs, but we proposed a protein of our own manufacture – recombinant NP as a calibrator. The detection limit was calibrated by standard CFAR #100982 NIBSC, UK. We had determined levels of NP (1400, 900, 750, 640 and 280 pg/mL) that we used as a sample for the rapid tests. The COVID-19 Ag Rapid Tests were performed according to the manufactures instructions at room temperature. Results. DIA®-SARS-CoV-2-Ag-R detected 10 pg/mL of in-house standard of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 NP. The positive results were observed using 1400, 900, 750 pg/mL, while 640 and 280 pg/mL samples were performed as negative in ABBOTT-PanBio test. The rapid tests manufactured by МBU, BIOTIME, Core Technology, SD BIOSENSOR and Turklab showed positive results only in 1400 pg/mL concentration. NP of lower levels was detected as a negative sample. The LEPU MEDICAL test was evaluated as positive sample using 900 pg/mL. The rapid test manufactured by Green Cross Medical Science Corp. showed negative results for all levels of NP. It can mean that the sensitivity of test is lower and demands higher level of antigen to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions. The study presented an excellent analytical sensitivity of DIA®-SARS-CoV-2-Ag-R against commercial Antigen rapid tests. Thus, invented ELISA test system can be recommended for widespread usage for detection and confirmation of acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance of HIV Rapid Diagnostic Tests Used in Zambia: a Systematic Review of Clinical Data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loveness Mukuka ◽  
Andros Theo ◽  
Mowa Zambwe ◽  
Peter J Chipimo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Objective: To investigate the performance of the HIV RDTs used in Zambia. Method: 2,564 participants aged between 15 and 95 years from two sites in Lusaka province years were tested on OraQuick ADVANCE, Abbot Determine, and then confirmed on Uni-Gold Recombigen. The data from the participants were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The 3 RDTs when compared to the 4th generation Abbot Architect results had the following results: OraQuick ADVANCE, Alere Determine and Uni-Gold Ultra, at 95% CI had Sensitivities of: 91.8%, 93.3% and 92.5% respectively. The specificities of OraQuick ADVANCE and Uni-Gold were the same (100.0%; 95% CI: 98.8 -100.0) but slightly different from Alere Determine (99.8%). Positive predictive values at 95% CI were 100% for OraQuick ADVANCE and Uni-Gold and 98.4% for Alere Determine. Negative predictive values (at 95% CIs) were 99.1, 99.2 and 99.1 for OraQuick ADVANCE, Alere Determine, and Uni-Gold Ultra respectively. The results showed that these RDTs could only detect 12 out of every 13 HIV positive results. Conclusion: Third generation RDTs are not effective in detecting acute positive cases. Fourth generation Rapid Tests are required to capture the positive cases being missed out.

scholarly journals Successful Simultaneous Screening of Sickle Cell Disease, HIV and Tuberculosis in Rural Guinea Bissau, West Africa through Rapid Tests and a Standardized Clinical Questionnaire: An Outreach Program Due to a Public-Private Partnership

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4715-4715
Author(s):  
Federica Menzato ◽  
Luca Bosa ◽  
Armando Sifna ◽  
Luisa Da Silva ◽  
Elena Gasperoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The Village

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that sickle cell disease (SCD), HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) represent high, yet under recognized health issues in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. A public National Reference Center for TB, Hospital Raoul Follereau (HRF) managed by the Italian NGO AHEAD is present in the capital city of Bissau with specialized local health staff capable of managing HIV and TB; the hospital has a SCD Clinic. Access to health services for rural population is limited and in some villages basic health care and routine screening are also seldom available due to lack of resources, specialized staff or diagnostic capacity. Therefore, people are not diagnosed or diagnosed late for SCD, HIV, TB. Nevertheless, rapid tests for both HIV and SCD are available on the market and one for TB is being developed. Simultaneous screening of three big diseases at the point of care (POC) in rural areas would allow saving of time and resources, while identifying people in need of further specialized diagnostic or follow up. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous screening of HIV, SCD and TB at the POC in a rural area of Guinea Bissau through rapid tests for HIV and SCD and a standardized clinical questionnaire (Figure 1) with clinical examination for TB. To identify patients with HIV, SCD or both and enroll them in appropriate follow up programs; to identify suspects of TB eligible for in depth diagnostic screening. Methods: During the first phase of the project a temporary outreach health post was organized for 10 days in March 2018 in the village of Fanhè, by the NGO AGB already operating in the village. 1) The chiefs of the rural community village informed all the households through collective meetings and home visits regarding the objectives and modalities of the health project after accepting the proposal made by the NGOs and the HRF staff (February-March 2018); 2) the local chiefs organized a schedule of visits according to households; 3) 3 nurses and 2 physicians from the HRF in Bissau, linguistically competent for Creole and local dialects, administered the standardized questionnaire and the physical examination respectively; 3) 2 pediatric residents from Italy aided in clinical examination, a nurse and 2 other physicians in performing the rapid tests for HIV (Determine®) and SCD (Sickle Scan, Biomedomics) after informed consent; patients with Sickle Scan positive results were immediately collected another blood sample on Guthrie card for molecular analysis confirmation to be performed in Italy at the Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova. During the second phase of the project (April-May 2018) subjects with suspect of TB and/or HIV received free transportation to the HRF for TB diagnostic evaluation according to the national protocol and second HIV confirmatory test. Results: All 898 inhabitants (32 families) accepted the screening and performed clinical examination with clinical questionnaire; all performed the finger prick for HIV and SCD rapid test. At SickleScan 16 were HbSA (children 9/16); none were HbAC or HbSS. All received information on the carrier state. At Determine 61 were HIV positive (children 9/61). 93 presented clinical suspect of TB (children 33/93). 12 had a suspected of TB and were HIV positive(children: 2/12). For subjects with a suspect of TB or who were HIV positive free transportation was arranged to the HRF for complete TB diagnostic workup and second HIV confirmatory Rapid Test. All HIV positive tests were confirmed and patients enrolled in clinical care in a nearby village; 30% of patients with TB suspect had the diagnosis confirmed by Xray/sputum smear examination and were enrolled in appropriate care programss. All 16 Sicklescan positive HbSA samples underwent molecular analysis and the results were confirmed. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of a simultaneous population screening at the POC in rural areas for three "big diseases" (SCD, HIV and TB) through a temporary outreach clinic organized by local specialized staff in collaboration with local communities and international Academic Institutions and NGOs. The simultaneous screening with rapid test and standardized clinical examination is a model that could replicated in other rural settings in low resource countries. A further pilot study which will include a rapid test for TB, HIV and SCD is currently being planned. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Colombatti: NOVARTIS: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; BlueBirdBio: Consultancy; ADDMEDICA: Consultancy.

scholarly journals The use of 0.01M phosphate buffered saline as detection buffer for Alere Determine® HIV rapid test in resource limited settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
Ley Shilewangwa ◽  
Caroline A. Minja ◽  
Benson R. Kidenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Alternative Detection ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Hiv Negative

Insufficient supply of manufacture’s buffers/diluents in relation to the number of strips per kit has been found to have negative impact on patients’ results. Some laboratories personnel tend to use diluents from other rapid tests manufacturers such as Bioline, Unigold as well as malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT). This study aimed at evaluating the use of 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as detection buffer for Alere Determine® HIV rapid test. This study was carried out at Bugando School of Medicine in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 300 whole blood specimens; 150 HIV positive specimens from patients attending Care and Treatment Centreand 150 HIV negative specimens were retested for HIV status using Alere Determine® HIV rapid test employing normal Alere buffer and 0.01M PBS as buffer.Of the total specimens tested; 150 (100%) of HIV positive were positive by using both Alere buffer and 0.01M PBS while 150(100%) of HIV negative samples were negative by both Alere Determine® and 0.01M PBS. The agreement between 0.01M PBS and Alere Determine® buffer was 100%. The value of kappa indicates perfect agreement between 0.01M PBS and Alere Determine® buffer (100%). A 0.01M PBS is recommended as alternative detection buffer for Alere Determine® in cases of insufficient supply. Further investigation to evaluate the suitable buffer for other rapid tests for HIV and other diseases is recommended especially in resource limited settings. 

Comparison of two rapid tests for the detection of legionellaceae in water: a microbiological-immunological method and a commercial gene-probe testkit

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Frahm ◽  
U. Obst
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Gene Probe ◽  
Immunological Method ◽  
Probe Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Two recently developed Legionella detection tests, a microbiological-immunological method based on monoclonal antibodies (carried out as a colony-blot assay) and a commercial gene-probe testkit (the EnvironAmp Legionella Kit), are compared with the standard method. The colony-blot assay is faster than the conventional method; the gene-probe test is much faster still and is the most sensitive, but in consequence is at greater risk of false-positive results.

scholarly journals Rationale and design of the Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study: a protocol for a randomised clinical trial of home-based self-collection of cells for anal cancer screening

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e051118
Author(s):  
Alan G Nyitray ◽  
Vanessa Schick ◽  
Michael D Swartz ◽  
Anna R Giuliano ◽  
Maria E Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Minority Men

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma of the anus is a common cancer among sexual minority men, especially HIV-positive sexual minority men; however, there is no evidenced-based national screening protocol for detection of anal precancers. Our objective is to determine compliance with annual anal canal self-sampling or clinician-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, randomised, two-arm clinical study to evaluate compliance with annual home-based versus clinic-based HPV DNA screening of anal canal exfoliated cells. The setting is primary care community-based clinics. Recruitment is ongoing for 400 HIV-positive and HIV-negative sexual minority men and transgender persons, aged >25 years, English or Spanish speaking, no current use of anticoagulants other than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and no prior diagnosis of anal cancer. Participants are randomised to either receive a swab in the mail for home-based collection of an anal canal specimen at 0 and 12 months (arm 1) or attend a clinic for clinician collection of an anal canal specimen at 0 and 12 months (arm 2). Persons will receive clinic-based Digital Anal Rectal Examinations and high-resolution anoscopy-directed biopsy to assess precancerous lesions, stratified by study arm. Anal exfoliated cells collected in the study are assessed for high-risk HPV persistence and host/viral methylation. The primary analysis will use the intention-to-treat principle to compare the proportion of those who comply with 0-month and 12-month sampling in the home-based and clinic-based arms. The a priori hypothesis is that a majority of persons will comply with annual screening with increased compliance among persons in the home-based arm versus clinic-based arm.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical College of Wisconsin Human Protections Committee. Results will be disseminated to communities where recruitment occurred and through peer-reviewed literature and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03489707.

scholarly journals Slow clinical improvement after treatment initiation in Leishmania/HIV coinfected patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenael Freire de Souza ◽  
Fernando Biscione ◽  
Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco ◽  
Ana Rabello
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Hiv Negative

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil there is a large area of overlap of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV infection, which favored a increased incidence of coinfection Leishmania/HIV. METHODS: This study evaluated 65 consecutive patients with VL and their clinical response to treatment in two health care settings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. RESULTS: At baseline, the clinical picture was similar between both groups, although diarrhea and peripheral lymphadenomegaly were more frequent in HIV-infected subjects. HIV-positive patients had lower median blood lymphocyte counts (686/mm³ versus 948/mm³p = 0.004) and lower values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (48IU/L versus 75.6IU/L p = 0.016) than HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive status (hazard ratio = 0.423, p = 0.023) and anemia (HR = 0.205, p = 0.002) were independent negative predictors of complete clinical response following antileishmanial treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces that all patients with VL should be tested for HIV infection, regardless of their clinical picture. This practice would allow early recognition of coinfection with initiation of antiretroviral therapy and, possibly, reduction in treatment failure.

scholarly journals PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES SOROPOSITIVOS PARA HIV NO CENTRO DE TESTAGEM E ACONSELHAMENTO EM UM HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL DE MARACANAÚ

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Edcarla Barroso Nascimento ◽  
Patricia Kely Sousa Meneses ◽  
Malena Gadelha Cavalcante ◽  
Leonardo Freire Vasconcelos ◽  
Joyce Fonteles Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Positive Results

Os Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) atuam na prevenção e detecção do HIV e de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), favorecendo segmentos populacionais em situação de maior vulnerabilidade, sem restrições territoriais. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes soropositivos no CTA do Hospital Municipal de Maracanaú – CE. Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Foram analisadas todas as fichas de atendimento ambulatorial disponível no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA), no período de julho de 2016 a junho de 2017 de pacientes soropositivos, maiores de 15 anos, incluindo gestantes. Durante o estudo, foram realizadas pesquisas com 492 fichas de atendimento ambulatorial com pessoas de ambos os sexos, sendo 61,6% (n=303) do sexo masculino. A maioria dos pacientes possuíam entre 30 a 39 anos. Independente do sexo, 60,2% (n=296) declarou-se com estado civil solteiro. Constatou-se que 99% (n=487) teve como forma de infecção do vírus a via sexual e que 64,4% (n=317) não apresentou comorbidades. Realizaram-se testes confirmatórios com todos os pacientes, confirmando os resultados positivos na maioria (97,6%; n=480). Cerca de 99,2% (n=488) fazem uso da terapia antirretroviral, 77,8% (n=383) não fazem uso de medicamentos para outras patologias, 97,8% (n=481) afirmaram não ter resistência ao tratamento e 95,1% (n=467) não relataram reações adversas aos medicamentos utilizados. Acredita-se que os dados coletados nessa pesquisa possam contribuir para um melhor monitoramento da AIDS, indicando a necessidade de mais campanhas de prevenção, conscientização do uso de preservativos e indica a importância desses Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) para que mais pessoas possam ter acesso tanto ao diagnóstico como ao tratamento. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SOROPOSITIVE PATIENTS IN A MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL OF MARACANAÚ-CE ABSTRACT The Centers for Testing and Counselling (CTC) act in the prevention and detection of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), favoring segments of the population in situations of greater vulnerability, without territorial restrictions. The objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of seropositive patients in the CTA of the Municipal Hospital of Maracanaú - CE. This is a retrospective observational study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. All records of outpatient care available at the Center for Testing and Counselling (CTC) were analyzed from July 2016 to June 2017 of HIV positive patients, older than 15 years, including pregnant women. During the study, 492 records of outpatient care were performed with people of both sexes, of which 61.6% (n = 303) were males. The majority of patients were between 30 and 39 years old. Regardless of gender, 60.2% (n = 296) declared themselves to be single marital status. It was found that 99% (n = 487) had as a form of virus infection the sexual route and that 64.4% (n = 317) did not present comorbidities. Confirmatory tests were performed with all the patients, confirming the positive results in the majority (97.6%; n = 480). Approximately 99.2% (n = 488) used antiretroviral therapy, 77.8% (n = 383) did not use drugs for other conditions, 97.8% (n = 481) reported no resistance to treatment and 95.1% (n = 467) reported no adverse drug reactions. It is believed that the data collected in this research can contribute to a better monitoring of AIDS, indicating the need for more prevention campaigns, awareness of condom use and indicates the importance of these Centers of Testing and Counselling (CTC) so that more people can have access to both diagnosis and treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document