scholarly journals When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too: The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 095892872096333
Author(s):  
Anna Baranowska-Rataj ◽  
Mattias Strandh
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
The Impact

The effects of changes in employment status on health within couples have attracted increasing attention. This paper contributes to this emerging research by investigating whether the impact of a partner’s employment status on individual self-rated health varies systematically across countries with varying decommodification levels. We use longitudinal data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and hybrid models. We find that a change in an individual’s employment status may affect the health not just of the person who experiences this transition, but that of his or her partner. The likelihood that such a spillover will occur varies across countries with different decommodification levels. The negative effects of a partner’s employment status on self-rated health are observed when the generosity of welfare state support is limited. The moderating effects of financial support from the state are not very strong, though. They are not robust across all our models and do not extend to all the dimensions of the generosity of welfare state support.

Some Considerations Regarding the Social Responsibility of Entrepreneurs in the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Mirela Matei ◽  
Marian Catalin Voica
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

The concept of corporate social responsibility is in constant development. It passes from the sphere of large transnational companies to the smaller sized companies, in the field of SMEs. Although SMEs don’t have the impact of great corporations, they have a duty to carry out social responsibility programs. An SME, as a singular unit, does not have the social impact of transnational corporations, but the large number of SMEs creates a social impact comparable to the one generated by large corporations. Due to competitive pressures, large transnational companies have outsourced some activities. SMEs that have taken over these activities have taken over responsibility for social programs to offset the negative effects arising

scholarly journals C EFFICIENCY RATIO AS A MEASURE OF VAT EFFICIENCY IN EU DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Đorđević ◽  
Jadranka Đurović-Todorović ◽  
Milica Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Revenues

The policy led by a large number of developing countries, with the aim of increasing indirect taxes, has opened the issue of Value Added Tax (VAT) efficiency. Reforms of tax systems of developing countries generally involve an increase in standard rates in order to increase VAT, which is the main source of public revenues. In such a way, developing countries determine the VAT efficiency and the amount of revenue that could be collected by indirect taxation. The article sums up works of different scientists, dealing with the impact of determinants on VAT efficiency. The subject of this paper is an analysis of the factors that influence the C efficiency ratio. The main objective of the paper is to analize the impact of the change in the standard rate on the ratio. Theoretical analyses of standard rates and other factors that have reflections on the VAT collection efficiency explicitly prove that there are different ways to improve the efficiency of VAT collection, and exclude an increase in the standard rate. An increase in the standard rate provides a balance of negative effects, which can be blurred by recorded tax revenues. We focused on the countries of the European Union: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Croatia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania during the 2000-2016 period. These countries experienced significant changes in government during economic transformation, and where VAT is the main source of public revenues. The last section analize an increse in VAT rate and C efficiency ratio in Serbia and conteins conclusions. The paper indicates the imperfection of inadequately defined VAT rates on economic growth and development in analized countries. Based on analyses we can conclude that the increase in the standard rate have negative reflections on the VAT efficiency, and that it was one of the factors of the continuous decline in C-efficiency.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT FUNCTION OF SUPPRESING MOBBING

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548
Author(s):  
Šaban Mutatović ◽  
Nina Paunović ◽  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Workplace Abuse ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with emotional and physical abuse by co-workers or subordinates, as well as negative effects it might have on the personnel and the company performance. We also want to emphasise the role of management in its eliminating and suppressing. The first part explains the terms and the ideas of management and mobbing, including the functions and different levels of management, as well as different kinds of mobbing. The second part deals with the impact mobbing has on workers and business activities, the responsibility of management on suppressing physical and psychical abuse at workplace as well as creating positive working environment. n the last twenty years, workplace abuse has become a particularly significant problem. The first extensive study of this phenomenon was conducted in Sweden under the leadership of Heinz Leymann, who also defined mobbing as psychological terror in the workplace, which refers to unethical and hostile communication by one and / or more persons to the most commonly one person who becomes helpless and unable Defense. Such activities take place at least once a week for at least six months leading to mental and social disorders. It is believed that this problem is on the rise in almost all countries of the European Union and the world, and for this reason laws are being adopted addressing the issue of mobbing both at the national and European Union levels. In addition, numerous associations have been set up worldwide to prevent workplace abuse.

scholarly journals Negativity Bias: The Impact of Framing of Immigration on Welfare State Support in Germany, Sweden and the UK

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Avdagic ◽  
Lee Savage
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
State Support ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract How does the framing of immigration influence support for the welfare state? Drawing on research from psychology, specifically the notion of negativity bias and the sequencing of negative and positive information, this article argues that negative immigration frames undermine welfare support, while positive frames have little or no effect. Individuals take less notice of positive frames, and the effect of such frames is further undermined by the previous exposure to negative frames, which tend to stick longer in people's minds. The findings, based on survey experiments on over 9,000 individuals in Germany, Sweden and the UK, show that negative framing of immigration has a strong and pervasive effect on support for welfare. The article also finds some evidence that this effect is further amplified for people who hold anti-immigrant and anti-welfare attitudes or feel economically insecure. The effect of positive framing is considerably weaker and does not strengthen welfare support in any of the three countries.

scholarly journals Green Energy Management through the Implementation of RES in the EU. Analysis of the Opinions of Poland and Germany

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8097
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jałowiec ◽  
Henryk Wojtaszek ◽  
Ireneusz Miciuła
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The EU’s energy policy is geared towards introducing changes in order to stop or avoid negative climate change. The determinants of the energy policies of Poland and Germany are presented along with the priorities until 2050. The possibilities of reducing the impact of energy on the environment were interpreted, emphasizing its common goal. Activities supporting the EU and maintaining the level of energy security are indicated. Possible negative effects in the social and health sphere are presented as a response to the failure to implement these demands. The literature was analyzed and proprietary questionnaires were carried out, and the results realized in the EU by the independent FBI Economic Department were implemented. On the basis of earlier pilot studies, variants of a successful transformation were implemented, assuming different roles performed by a citizen (entrepreneur). Opportunities to tackle climate change and global challenges have been identified based on innovation and motivation. The opinion on the way of thinking in Poland and Germany was compared, and a descriptive model was prepared to increase the achievement of the assumed goals, together with a model based on innovation. Citizens should be active in efforts to promote renewable energy. The EU has a strong base to work to avoid climate change. What is needed is innovative thinking and a motivation to introduce changes with the involvement of every citizen through solidarity, efficiency, and justice. The existing foundations of legal solutions create adaptation possibilities and the ability to achieve goals through self-discipline, comparing with the assumption of EU civic awareness, significantly affecting the successful implementation of RES. Analyzing the attitudes of Poland and Germany, it seems that the distant social consequences are not sufficient. It is necessary not only to perform selected management functions (planning, organizing), but also partly to motivate. There is a strong need to increase motivation and implement the control process required under the threat of negative consequences in the current period as a key strategic preventive action. The analysis of the opinions of Poland and Germany against the background of the European Union allowed for no significant differences, subject to Germany’s readiness to take greater risk. Most of Poland is less inclined to take risks. The lack of an unambiguous opinion may indicate incomplete awareness of both the negative effects of climate change. Both countries are concerned about the unplanned costs of transformation. Germany, unlike Poland, has dedicated employees to handle the climate, and conducts an energy audit and is of interest to investors, thanks to investment plans.

Market Means and Welfare Ends: The UK Welfare State Experiment

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER TAYLOR-GOOBY ◽  
TRINE LARSEN ◽  
JOHANNES KANANEN
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Test Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The UK is distinctive in having the most liberal market-oriented welfare system in the European Union and the most majoritarian governmental system, capable of rapid and decisive action. The 1997 New Labour government abandoned the traditional neo-Keynesian/social democratic approach of the party and embarked on a programme of market-oriented welfare state reform. This reflects many aspects of policy direction (pursued more gradually and under different circumstances) elsewhere in Europe, and advocated in the European Employment Strategy and OECD proposals. The UK is thus a suitable test case to assess the impact of a new departure in welfare policy: welfare ends through market means. This paper shows that New Labour has achieved real successes in mobilising the workforce, broadening opportunities for women and reducing poverty. However, the approach faces intractable problems in stimulating and regulating private providers of welfare, and limitations in the extent to which it is able to reduce poverty among those of working age who are not in the labour market. These result from the incompatibility between welfare and market objectives: secure, adequate incomes for all, and work incentives for citizens and market freedom for providers.

scholarly journals No personality change following unemployment: A registered replication of Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (2015)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Barbara Stiglbauer
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
National Education ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The involuntary loss of paid employment represents an adverse life event that has been suggested to lead to personality change. However, previous research has reported highly contradictory findings. Therefore, a replication of Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (2015) is presented. These authors originally identified nonlinear changes in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Using data from the German National Education Panel Study (N = 5,005), we examined the impact of unemployment on personality change across three years. Latent change analyses indicated no effect of job loss on any Big Five trait. Moderating effects of unemployment duration or gender were not found. Even analyses accounting for potential selection effects led to comparable results. Thus, personality seemed invariant despite changes in employment status.

Convergence toward the European Social Model? Impact of EU accession on Polish social policy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In order to join the European Union (EU) Poland had to meet a wide range of conditions including adoption of acquis communautaire, significant administrative reforms and economic restructuring. This article deals with all these EU-membership commitments which directly influenced the Polish social policy, spanning such areas as free movement of persons (mainly workers), labour law, social dialogue, labour market and social inclusion policies and pensions. These changes - even if incremental and evolutionary - made the Polish welfare state more compatible with the European Social Model. Judging from the experience of Poland, the European Social Model (ESM) is far from vague and meaningless ideology. The ESM has had a significant impact on national social policies which is discernible at four general levels: values and general rules, which engender a welfare state philosophy shared by all Member States; Community-enforced social minimum standards; European-level institutional co-operative procedures; and monetary transfers in the framework of cohesion policy. The impact of the EU is visible to a varying degree – ranging from substantial in the peripheral areas such as gender equality or health and safety at work to purely theoretical in fiscal and monetary matters. The Polish welfare state has been heavily influenced by practical day-to-day administrative and institutional co-operation of Poland with the UE.       Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v1i1.159

The Impact of the Economic Crisis on European Environmental Policy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Leadership ◽  
Member States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) has sought to establish itself as a global environmental leader. However, from 2007–8 onwards, the combined effects of the economic and financial crisis led some to question whether the EU would continue to adopt ambitious environmental policy. This volume brings together leading scholars from across Europe to analyse the impacts of the crisis upon environmental policy in the EU and its member states. The authors analyse policy decisions in fourteen countries to determine whether environmental policy has been dismantled, expanded, or has stayed the same. If policy has been dismantled, contributors identify the kind of dismantling strategy adopted, and at what levels change has occurred. A new measurement approach, the Index of Policy Activity (IPA) is applied systematically across the cases, offering a comprehensive reference framework for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. A wide range of policy areas, from climate change to biodiversity, are examined and non-European cases are also included to provide a counterpoint for comparison. The book finds that, while the EU has not actively dismantled environmental policy, its economic policies have had negative effects upon some Member States, prompting policy dismantling in places. Climate and energy policies have seen some policy expansion, but there are examples, most notably the UK, where there has also been active policy dismantling. The main trend is one of stasis— environmental policy in Europe has plateaued, calling into question Europe’s much-vaunted environmental leadership. The book contributes to scholarship on environmental policy and public administration, combining empirical and methodological insights to give an up-to-date perspective on the impact of crisis upon European environmental policy.

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