Linked oppression: Connecting animal and gender attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Allcorn ◽  
Shirley M Ogletree
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Attitudes Toward Animals ◽  
And Gender

Ecofeminists and animal rights advocates have posited a connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of animals. Although male/female comparisons regarding attitudes toward animals have frequently been considered, only limited research has focused on gender roles and animal attitudes. We therefore examined the relation between gender roles and animal attitudes with undergraduate students (260 males, 484 females) at a public university in Texas. Participants responded to an online Qualtrics survey that assessed their attitudes toward animals, gender norms, and several forms of sexism. The survey also presented participants with questions about their justifications for meat consumption. As hypothesized, pro meat-eating justifications were positively related to sexist attitudes as well as traditional gender roles and negatively related to gender role transcendent attitudes. On the other hand, pro-animal attitudes were positively correlated with gender role transcendent attitudes and negatively correlated with benevolent/hostile sexism and traditional gender attitudes. Our results empirically supported “the linked oppression thesis,” that gender and animal attitudes are connected.

Gender and Gender Role Expectations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Willoughby ◽  
Spencer L. James
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Role Balance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Neutrality

This chapter provides an overview of emerging adults’ views on gender and gender roles. The authors describe their findings regarding who emerging adults believe benefits more from marriage, men or women. Little consensus seemed to exist regarding how emerging adults viewed the connection between gender and marriage; the authors propose that this is a reflection of our current culture, which continues to move toward gender neutrality and the dismissal of gender differences. The authors also explore how emerging adults believe gender roles will play out in their own marriages. A specific paradox whereby emerging adults aspire to an egalitarian role balance yet tend to end up in traditional gender roles is discussed.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Homonegativism Experienced by Lesbian Collegiate Athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki Krane
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Athletic Teams

This study is an examination of homonegativism in sport as described by lesbian collegiate athletes. These athletes (N = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews about their athletic experiences. Analysis of the homonegtive experiences of these athletes revealed three mechanisms inherent in homonegativism in sport. These were (a) discomfort with females who do not conform with the traditional feminine gender-role, (b) application of the lesbian label, and (c) distancing from the lesbian label. Female athletes perceived to act in a manner contrary to traditional gender-roles are labeled as lesbians. Through this labeling society reinforces traditional gender-roles and, ultimately, protects male dominance in sport. Many of the labels heard by the athletes reflected stereotypical beliefs about lesbians. The athletes described many situations where coaches and administrators attempted to promote or preserve a feminine image within their athletic teams and programs. The disempowering aspects of homonegativism also were revealed as lesbian athletes felt powerless to challenge homonegativism in sport.

Sex Differences in Conformity: Status and Gender Role Interpretations

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H. Eagly ◽  
Carole Chrvala
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Pressure ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Males

The experiment examines status and gender role explanations of the tendency for women to conform more than men in group pressure settings. Subjects believed they were assigned to groups containing two males and two females in addition to themselves and received these other group members' opinions, which were represented as deviating from the opinions that subjects had given earlier. Subjects then gave their opinions with the other group members either having or not having surveillance over these opinions. In addition, subjects were required to form impressions of each other's likability or expertise. The findings indicate that subjects' sex and age affected the extent of their conformity. Among older (19 years and older) subjects, females conformed more with surveillance than without it, whereas surveillance did not affect males' conformity. Among younger (under 19 years) subjects, surveillance had no effects. Analysis of sex differences revealed that older females were significantly more conforming than older males when under surveillance as well as when subjects formed impressions of one another's likability. Among younger subjects, there were no sex differences. These findings are discussed in terms of the theories that (a) both sex and age function as status characteristics and (b) gender roles determine conformity.

The Effects of Attitudes Toward Family Life and Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE N. LYE ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BIBLARZ
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between the gender role and family attitudes of husbands and wives and five indicators of marital satisfaction. The authors argue that men and women who espouse nontraditional attitudes are likely to be less satisfied than their more traditional counterparts. An empirical analysis is presented using data from husbands and wives interviewed in the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households. Husbands and wives who hold nontraditional attitudes toward family life are less satisfied with their marriages, as are men and women whose attitudes diverge from their spouse's attitudes. The effects of attitudes did not vary according to the actual gender roles observed by the couple.

Biological Sex, Adherence to Traditional Gender Roles, and Attitudes Toward Persons with Mental Illness: An Exploratory Investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hinkelman ◽  
Darcy Haag Granello
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Counselors ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Exploratory Investigation

Undergraduate students (n = 86) responded to the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire and The Hypergender Ideology Scale, which measures the degree to which they adhered to traditional gender roles. Results indicated that males were significantly more likely than females to endorse intolerant attitudes toward persons with mental illnesses. However, when adherence to hypergender ideology was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between the genders. It was determined that strict gender-role adherence, rather than biological sex, accounted for the variance in CAMI scores. Implications for mental health counselors and for selecting predictor variables for future research are discussed.

Effect of Instructor Gender and Gender Role on Student Willingness to Take a Psychology Course

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychology Course

Students read a set of three instructor descriptions representing feminine, masculine, and androgynous gender roles. After reading the descriptions, students rated their willingness to take a clinical and an experimental psychology course from the instructor. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant effect of instructor gender role. Students were less willing to take a course from the masculine instructor than from either the feminine or the androgynous instructor. A significant Instructor Gender Role X Type of Course interaction was also observed. Student and instructor gender did not affect willingness to take a psychology course.

scholarly journals Exploration of Gender Role in Bisheswar Prasad Koirala's Tinghumti

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Asmita Bista
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Traditional Gender Role ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala’s novel Tinghumti is always tempting for the reader as it still reflects the relevant picture of Nepali society. In this novel the characters defy as well as define the gender roles. Influenced with revolutionary thought they defy the prescribed gender roles; but chained in age old thought they, time and again, define the traditional gender role. This article aims to identify the reasons that drive these characters to defy and define the traditional gender roles. For that Judith Butler’s and Connell’s idea of gender theory has been used. The significance of this study is to contribute a different perspective for the reader to see the novel Tinghumti showing that traditional gender roles are meddled and confirmed in it. The study concludes that in the novel, the characters defy as well as define the socially prescribed gender role because gender is socio-political construction that achieves legitimacy and naturality via perpetual observation and repetition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Department Head Person Based on Gender, Gender Role Orientation, and Attachment of Labels in Dire Dawa University

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustefa Jibril
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Department Head ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

The study, designed to find out the gender outcome, gender roles, and labeling of labels in the department's head examination, was conducted using 194 study participants recruited from lecturers at Dire Dawa University in Ethiopia 116 female and 78 were males aged 29.23. The following five labels are used: Department head in general, efficient male Department head, efficient female Department head, inefficient male Department head, and inefficient female Department head) were responded to by the research participants. Seven different hypotheses were tested using ANOVA. Findings revealed that gender role orientation had a significant effect on the evaluation of the Department head. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of gender, and attachment of labels on the evaluation of Department head and no interaction effects of gender and gender role orientation, gender and attachment of labels and gender, gender role orientation, and attachment of labels on the evaluation of Department head.

scholarly journals Changing Gender Role: Women’s Livelihoods, Conflict and Post-conflict Security in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna K.C. ◽  
Gemma Van Der Haar ◽  
Dorothea Hilhorst
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Conflict Setting ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour

This article examines how the Maoist conflict in Nepal affected women ex-combatants and non-combatants, looking at shifts in gender roles during and after the conflict particularly from the standpoint of current livelihood challenges. We argue changing gender roles largely depends upon everyday practice of gender division of labour and power as it evolved during and after the conflict. We also found the conflict had different and contradictory effects: Both categories of women experienced shift in gender roles, with women taking on tasks earlier reserved for men, but this effect was strongest amongst ex-combatants during conflict. In the aftermath of conflict, these changes were partly reversed and especially ex-combatant women faced severe livelihood challenges and returned to traditional gender roles. The article also considers how women experience state and non-state responses meant to improve their livelihoods security in the post-conflict setting. The article is based on in-depth fieldwork in Chitwan and Kathmandu districts of Nepal. It draws on interviews with women ex-combatants/non-combatants and key informant interviews.

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