Why no board-level employee representation in Italy? Actor preferences and political ideologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvo Leonardi ◽  
Donata Gottardi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Employee Representation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Models ◽  
Board Level

Unlike most continental EU countries, Italy lacks any system of board-level employee representation, despite a specific article in the 1948 Constitution. Hence, involvement and participation remain limited to the sphere of contractually established information and consultation rights, primarily because of the reluctance of the social partners to establish reciprocal responsibilities by law. Employers feared that this would limit their property rights and prerogatives, unions that it would restrict their own autonomy. After a long history of confrontational industrial relations, there has been a shift towards participatory approaches, but in a distinctive way. We present an overview of the historical background and the cultures and practices of the main actors, the Italian approach to industrial democracy, the influence of other national models and the current debates and legislative proposals. We conclude by assessing the opportunities for and obstacles to real change in the future.

Even Conservative Unions Have Revolutionary Effects: Frank Tannenbaum on the Labor Movement

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Labor Movement ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
History Of

AbstractFrank Tannenbaum is best known for his studies of Mexican agrarian reform and for his contributions to the comparative history of slavery and slave societies. But as a young man he had made a name for himself as a notorious labor agitator, and he went on to publish two books on the US labor movement, which are worthy of reconsideration as important interpretations of independent trade unionism and political reform. The first volume appeared in 1921 and offered an original perspective on the popular syndicalism that formed such a large, positive element of the philosophy of the International Workers of the World (IWW), to the extent it had one, at the center of which lay the struggle for social recognition on the part of immigrant and (supposedly) unskilled workers. The second appeared thirty years later and provided a thoughtful defense of the private, employment-based welfare and industrial relations system that the New Deal established in the United States. Together the books offer a provocative account of the social and individual radicalism of US-style “pure and simple” trade unionism.

Negotiated board-level employee representation in European Companies: Leverage for the institutional power of labour?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lafuente Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Company ◽  
Employee Representation ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Board Level ◽  
First Time

The European Company Directive anchored board-level employee representation in European law for the first time. Rules negotiated between management and worker representatives became the primary source for formulating and designing such representation as an institution of European industrial relations. However, I show that negotiated rules on board-level representation provide limited institutional leverage for European workers. I examine the fragmented and incomplete legal framework applicable, the diverse forms and patterns of negotiated rules and their potential and limitations for supporting workers’ power on boards.

scholarly journals Study on Culture and Design of Female Underwear in the Ming Dynasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
XinRu Wu ◽  
XiaoFen Ji
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

The article is mainly about the historical background and design details of female underwear in the Ming dynasty. Through the analyses of the evolution of styles, materials, colors, patterns, and crafts of female underwear in the Ming Dynasty, the research shows that the cultural connotation behind the design of underwear. During the history of nearly 300 years of the Ming Dynasty, the social environment and cultural background of various periods, including Neo-Confucianism and Yangming's Mindology, economic and social development in different periods, social ethos and customs, have all contributed to the aesthetic orientation and design of female underwear in the Ming Dynasty. The research of design and development of Ming's female underwear is the inheritance and development of the wisdom of traditional creations, and it is of great significance to the development and protection of Chinese underwear culture.

Black Lung: The Social Production of Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ellen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

The black lung movement that erupted in West Virginia in 1968 was not simply a struggle for recognition of an occupational disease; it grew into a bitter controversy over who would control the definition of that disease. This article examines the historical background and medical politics of that controversy, arguing that black lung was socially produced and defined on several different levels. As a medical construct, the changing definitions of this disease can be traced to major shifts in the political economy of the coal industry. As an occupational disease, the history of black lung is internally related to the history of the workplace in which it is produced. As the object of a mass movement, black lung acquired a political definition that grew out of the collective experience of miners and their families. The definition of disease with which black lung activists challenged the medical establishment has historical roots and justification; their experience suggests that other health advocates may need to redefine the diseases they hope to eradicate.

Participation in European Companies: views from social partners in three Member States

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Ulke Veersma ◽  
Sjef Swinkels
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Board Level ◽  
National Systems

The decision to establish a European Company (SE) is determined not only by the company but also by institutional factors outside the company. Employers' organisations and trade unions, with their long history of interaction within national systems of industrial relations, influence basic attitudes towards European integration, international business and related issues, such as board-level participation. This paper looks at the attitudes of social partners towards the SE and employee participation in three EU Member States: Germany, the UK and Spain. While Germany has a well-established system of co-determination, Spain and the UK had, until recently, hardly any form of employee participation. These two countries, and certainly their employers' organisations, were at least hesitant towards, and sometimes opposed to, all forms of regulation on employee participation. This attitude has long hampered policymaking on the SE and employee participation and may also determine future prospects for legislation. The authors conclude that employee participation in an SE will need to be the subject of the same learning process as has been the case with respect to European Works Councils.

scholarly journals JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH JIHADIST MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Raden Cecep Lukman Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radical Movement

<p>Democratic practice in the post-Soeharto era has widely opened and led to euphoria in the public life. Some social and politics activities which were previously banned are now starting to appear openly. The emergence of Islamic radical community along with their terror acts both psychological and physical which attracts people’s attention may be a cause of this openness. One of communities which is seen as the front guard of radical movement is <em>Jemaah Islamiyah</em>. This article explores the historical background of the aforementioned movement and its development for the last two decades. The discussion also includes the intern dispute and its metamorphosis from just being the under-ground community to be the public community. Despite so many opinions which relate the movement with the powerful Islamism influence from Mid-Eastern, this article argues that those opinions ignore the history of Islamic radical movement in the Social Politics landscape. The precise discussion about <em>Jemaah Islamiyah</em> shows that this community has strong local characteristics.</p><p> </p><p>Keran demokrasi yang terbuka lebar pasca-kejatuhan rejim Soeharto telah menciptakan euphoria dalam ruang kehidupan publik. Berbagai aktifitas sosial politik yang sebelumnya dibungkam dan disisihkan, kini mulai memadati ruang publik. Kemunculan kelompok radikal Islam yang telah banyak menyedot perhatian publik dengan aksi-aksi mereka yang bemuasa terror, psikologis maupun fisik, tidak bisa dilepaskan dari keterbukaan ini. Di antara kelompok yang dipandang sebagai garda depan gerakan radikal ini adalah Jemaah Islamiyah.Tulisan berikut berusaha menelurusi akar kemunculan gerakan tersebut dan perkembangannya sepanjang dua dekade terakhir, berikut perpecahan internal dan metamorphosis gerakan bawah tanah itu menjadi gerakan terbuka. Sementara banyak kalangan mengaitkan gerakan tersebut dengan pengaruh islamisme yang kuat dari Timur Tengah, tulisan ini menyodorkan argumentasi bahwa pandangan di atas jelas telah mengabaikan sejarah gerakan radikal Islam dalam lanskap sosial politik Indonesia. Kajian yang cermat terhadap Jemaah Islamiyah menunjukkan bahwa gerakan tersebut memiliki karakteristik lokal yang kental.</p>

Overview of China’s Social Health Insurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-85
Author(s):  
Xian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Chapter 3 draws from secondary materials and literature to review the history and evolution of social health insurance in contemporary China (since 1949), providing the historical background and the economic context of China’s social health insurance expansion in the 2000s. It shows that throughout the history of contemporary China, social welfare was never considered a basic social right for citizens. Despite dramatic changes in the coverage and generosity of social health insurance across different developmental periods, the stratification of Chinese social health insurance is persistent and was reinforced during the social health insurance expansion between 1999 and 2011. Moreover, the economic transition and the diversification of regional economies in China constitute the economic context, in which the Chinese central and local leaders’ motivations for and differential responses to social health insurance expansion take shape.

Ausblick auf Edition und Kommentar einer frühneuzeitlichen Dämonologie

Daphnis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-480
Author(s):  
Tobias Bulang ◽  
Raffaela Kessel ◽  
Joana van de Löcht ◽  
Nicolai Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
German Translation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medicine History ◽  
History Of

This paper introduces Johann Fischart’s German translation of Jean Bodin’s Démonomanie des sorciers. It provides the social and historical background of Fischart’s demonological works. The Daemonomania Magorum as well as Bodin’s Démonomanie elaborate a discourse of witchcraft, which borrows from very different fields of knowledge: theology, philosophy, medicine, history of magic and historiography. Therefore, the critical edition of and the commentary on this work are faced with certain interdisciplinary challenges. The paper documents the authors’ recent efforts in this field and explains the relevant principles and criteria of our project, accompanied by specimen copies of the edition and the commentary.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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