Experimental investigation of mechanical and erosion behavior of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112094345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Panchal ◽  
G Raghavendra ◽  
A Rahul Reddy ◽  
M Omprakash ◽  
S Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Erosion Behavior ◽  
Sand Erosion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Erosion Test ◽  
Ball Milling Technique ◽  
Impact Angles

In the present work, the mechanical and the tribological properties of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite were studied. The nanoparticles of eggshell were synthesized by planetary ball milling technique. Synthesized eggshell nanoparticulate were characterized with the aid of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Fabrication of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite was done by hand lay-up technique with different weight percentages (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%) of eggshell nanoparticles. To examine the solid particle erosion behavior of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite, four different impact angles (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and three different velocities (101 m s−1, 119 m s−1, 148 m s−1) were chosen. The effect of eggshell nanoparticles incorporation on the tensile properties, hardness, and the flexural properties was also investigated. The fractured surfaces of the tensile test, flexural test, and erosion test samples were examined with a SEM for morphological analysis. It was found that the eggshell nanoparticulate addition has a fruitful effect on tensile and flexural strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for 2 wt% nanoparticles addition, while the maximum flexural strength was found for 3 wt% of nanoparticles addition. The sand erosion study established a maximum wear rate at 60° of impact angle. The maximum erosion resistance was found in 2 wt% of eggshell nanoparticulate concentration.

scholarly journals The sintering kinetics of shellfish porcelain reinforced by sepiolite nanofibres

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Kailei Wang ◽  
Yuedan Zhang ◽  
Jinsheng Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fibre Pullout ◽  
Sintering Behaviour

The work investigated the effect of sepiolite nanofibres on mechanical properties and sintering behaviour of shellfish porcelain. Samples of shellfish porcelain reinforced by sepiolite nanofibres were fired in an electric furnace at 1150, 1200 and 1250°C for a period of 80, 100, 120 and 140 min. Sintered samples were characterized by flexural strength, fracture toughness, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that 2 wt% sepiolite nanofibres could increase the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the porcelain bodies through the fibre pullout and the weak interface mechanisms. Sintering activation energies were determined according to the linear shrinkage results. It is found that the liquid-phase sintering mechanism of shellfish porcelain with sepiolite nanofibres is a diffusion mechanism. Porcelain without sepiolite is controlled by volume diffusion, and eventually, the grain boundary diffusion began to appear with the increase of sepiolite addition.

Effects of Co content in TiO2–Co composite prepared by alloying–recomposition–oxidation–sintering process on its mechanical properties and microstructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3483-3495
Author(s):  
Seungkyun Yim ◽  
Ilsong Park ◽  
Jeshin Park
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Structural Characterizations

TiO2–Co composite powders with various Co contents were prepared by the alloying-recomposition-oxidation-sintering process. For comparison, conventionally mixed TiO2–Co composites with the same compositions were sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400℃. Structural characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All of the sintered samples were more densified. A melted matrix was observed at a temperature higher than 1300℃. The flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the TCA sample were higher than those of the conventionally mixed TiO2–Co sample at the same sintering temperature, while the Vickers hardness exhibited the opposite relationship. The flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the TCA sample increased until a Co content of 14 vol%, followed by decrease at 18 vol%, while those of the conventionally mixed TiO2–Co sample increased in the entire Co content range. The highest flexural strength and fracture toughness were observed for T14CA sintered at 1400℃ (161.3 MPa and 6.39 MPa m−1/2, respectively). Consequently, the desirable Co content in the TiO2–Co composite prepared by the alloying–recomposition–oxidation–sintering process was 14 vol%.

A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 722-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Epitaxy and texture analysis of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films on (100) MgO using Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
J. T. Sizemore ◽  
D. G. Schlom ◽  
Z. J. Chen ◽  
J. N. Eckstein ◽  
I. Bozovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

Investigators observe large critical currents for superconducting thin films deposited epitaxially on single crystal substrates. The orientation of these films is often characterized by specifying the unit cell axis that is perpendicular to the substrate. This omits specifying the orientation of the other unit cell axes and grain boundary angles between grains of the thin film. Misorientation between grains of YBa2Cu3O7−δ decreases the critical current, even in those films that are c axis oriented. We presume that these results are similar for bismuth based superconductors and report the epitaxial orientations and textures observed in such films.Thin films of nominally Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox were deposited on MgO using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). These films were in situ grown (during growth oxygen was incorporated and the films were not oxygen post-annealed) and shuttering was used to encourage c axis growth. Other papers report the details of the synthesis procedure. The films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Devitrification products of rapidly solidified Ni-Nb amorphous alloys.

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-951
Author(s):  
G. A. Bertero ◽  
W.H. Hofmeister ◽  
N.D. Evans ◽  
J.E. Wittig ◽  
R.J. Bayuzick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Electromagnetically Levitated

Rapid solidification of Ni-Nb alloys promotes the formation of amorphous structure. Preliminary results indicate promising elastic properties and high fracture strength for the metallic glass. Knowledge of the thermal stability of the amorphus alloy and the changes in properties with temperature is therefore of prime importance. In this work rapidly solidified Ni-Nb alloys were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during in-situ heating experiments and after isothermal annealing of bulk samples. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were also used to characterize both the solidification and devitrification sequences.Samples of Ni-44 at.% Nb were electromagnetically levitated, melted, and rapidly solidified by splatquenching between two copper chill plates. The resulting samples were 100 to 200 μm thick discs of 2 to 3 cm diameter. TEM specimens were either ion-milled or alternatively electropolished in a methanol-10% sulphuric acid solution at 20 V and −40°C.

Defect morphology in thick relaxed layers of InGaAs on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
R H Dixon ◽  
P Kidd ◽  
P J Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
Strained Layers ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Thick relaxed InGaAs layers grown epitaxially on GaAs are potentially useful substrates for growing high indium percentage strained layers. It is important that these relaxed layers are defect free and have a good surface morphology for the subsequent growth of device structures.3μm relaxed layers of InxGa1-xAs were grown on semi - insulating GaAs substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), where the indium composition ranged from x=0.1 to 1.0. The interface, bulk and surface of the layers have been examined in planar view and cross-section by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The surface morphologies have been characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the bulk lattice perfection of the layers assessed using Double Crystal X-ray Diffraction (DCXRD).The surface morphology has been found to correlate with the growth conditions, with the type of defects grown-in to the layer (e.g. stacking faults, microtwins), and with the nature and density of dislocations in the interface.

Synthesis of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites in organic-free media and their photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6801-6810
Author(s):  
Rahmayeni Rahmayeni ◽  
Zulhadjri Zulhadjri ◽  
Yeni Stiadi ◽  
Agusnar Harry ◽  
Syukri Arief
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Homogeneous Sphere ◽  
Natural Sunlight ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Nanocomposite ZnO/ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts with different proportions of ZnFe2O4 were synthesized in organic-free media using metal nitric as precursors. The ZnO phase with hexagonal wurtzite structure and low crystallinity of ZnFe2O4 was confirmed using XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Different morphologies of the nanocomposites were obtained ranging from rice grain-like with a porous surface to homogeneous sphere-like nanoparticles as shown in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies. Magnetic properties measured by Visible Sampler Magnetometer (VSM) showed diamagnetic and paramagnetic behavior for the nanocomposites. Analysis with Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer (DRS) UV-vis showed an increase the composition of ferrite in composites increasing its ability to absorb visible light. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye reached 95.6% after 3 h under natural sunlight suggesting their suitability for sunlight driven photocatalytic applications. 

The Effect of the Microstructure of Diffusion Barriers on the Palladium Activation for Electroless Copper Deposition

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Woo Hong ◽  
Yong Sun Lee ◽  
Ki-Chul Park ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Copper Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plan View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Sheet Resistance Measurement ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe effect of microstructure of dc magnetron sputtered TiN and TaN diffusion barriers on the palladium activation for autocatalytic electroless copper deposition has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction, sheet resistance measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and plan view transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The density of palladium nuclei on TaN diffusion barrier increases as the grain size of TaN films decreases, which was caused by increasing nitrogen content in TaN films. Plan view TEM results of TiN and TaN diffusiton barriers showed that palladium nuclei formed mainly on the grain boundaries of the diffusion barriers.

Palladium Nanowire Thin Films via Template Growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Wang ◽  
David T. Johnson ◽  
Byron F. McCaughey ◽  
J. Eric Hampsey ◽  
Jibao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Palladium Nanowires ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Silica Thin Film

AbstractPalladium nanowires have been electrodeposited into mesoporous silica thin film templates. Palladium continually grows and fills silica mesopores starting from a bottom conductive substrate, providing a ready and efficient route to fabricate a macroscopic palladium nanowire thin films for potentially use in fuel cells, electrodes, sensors, and other applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate it is possible to create different nanowire morphology such as bundles and swirling mesostructure based on the template pore structure.

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