Effect of layer thickness on residual monomer release in polymerization of bulk-fill composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112199958
Author(s):  
Vahti Kılıç ◽  
Feridun Hurmuzlu ◽  
Yılmaz Ugur ◽  
Suzan Cangul
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Residual Monomer ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Samples

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the quantity of residual monomers leached from the bulk-fill composites with different compositions polymerized at varying layer thickness. Three bulk-fill (X-tra-fil, Beautifil Bulk Restorative, Fill-Up) and a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550) were used for the study. The composite resin samples were prepared with a stainless steel mold. For each composite, two groups were constructed. The samples in the first group were prepared using the 2 + 2 mm layering technique. In the second group, the composite samples were applied as a 4 mm-thick one layer and polymerized. Then, each composite samples were kept in a 75% ethanol solution and residual monomers released from composite resins were analyzed with an HPLC device after 24hour and 1 month. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Except the Fill-Up, all of residual monomer elution from the bulk-fill composites was significantly affected by the layer thickness (p < 0.05). The greatest monomer release was detected at 1 month after polymerization as a single 4 mm layer for Beautifil Bulk Restorative. Fill-Up composite showed similar residual monomer release in polymerization at different layer thicknesses compared to other composite resins. In the 2 + 2 mm layering technique, the least monomer elution was detected in the Filtek Z550 composite group. While Bis-GMA was the most released monomer in X-tra fil composite, UDMA was the most released monomer in all other composite resins. During polymerization of the bulk-fill composite, the layer thickness of the composite applied may affect the amount of residual monomers released from the composite resins. Conventional composites may release less monomer than bulk-fill composites when used with layering.

scholarly journals Comparison of microleakage of an alkasite restorative material, a composite resin and a resin-modified glass ionomer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e213981
Author(s):  
Fariba Motevasselian ◽  
Hamid Kermanshah ◽  
Ebrahim Rasoulkhani ◽  
Mutlu Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Aim: To compare the microleakage of Cention N, a subgroup of composite resins with a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and a composite resin. Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 46 extracted human molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A: Tetric N-Bond etch-and-rinse adhesive and Tetric N-Ceram nanohybrid composite resin, group B: Cention N without adhesive, group C: Cention N with adhesive, and group D: Fuji II LC RMGI. The teeth were thermocycled between 5°-55°C (×10,000). The teeth were coated with two layers of nail vanish except for 1 mm around the restoration margins, and immersed in 2% methylene blue (37°C, 24 h) before buccolingual sectioning to evaluate dye penetration under a stereomicroscope (×20). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). Results: Type of material and restoration margin had significant effects on the microleakage (p<0.05). Dentin margins showed a higher leakage score in all groups. Cention N and RMGI groups showed significant differences at the enamel margin (p=0.025, p=0.011), and for the latter group the scores were higher. No significant difference was found at the dentin margins between the materials except between Cention N with adhesive and RMGI (p=0.031). Conclusion: Microleakage was evident in all three restorative materials. Cention N groups showed similar microleakage scores to the composite resin and displayed lower microleakage scores compared with RMGI.

scholarly journals The effect of UDMA and Bis-GMA irradiation period on residual monomers in resin packable composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Jayanti Rosha ◽  
Adioro Soetojo ◽  
Putu Dewi Purnama Sari Budha ◽  
M. Mudjiono
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glycol Dimethacrylate ◽  
Irradiation Period ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate

Background: Residual monomers are non-polymerized monomers which can cause clinical harm, for example inflammation, to oral cavity tissue while the remaining monomers can potentially be carcinogenic. The more residual monomers that remain due to an imperfect polymerization processes, the lower the compressive strength level and the higher the number of micro slits that can cause secondary caries and tooth sensitivity. Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) constitute two of the resins most frequently used in packable composites. During the short irradiaton period forming part of the polymerization process, UDMA and Bis-GMA have the potential to produce residual monomers. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the number of residual monomers in packable composite resin following irradiation lasting 1x20 seconds and 2x20 seconds. Methods: 28 samples of cylindrical packable composite with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 5 mm were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were irradiated for 1x20 seconds, and groups 3 and 4 for 2x20 seconds with the composite subsequently being immersed in ethanol solution for 24 hours. The number of residual monomers using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) devices was calculated and the results statistically analyzed using a Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Repeated irradiation had no effect on the amount of residual monomers in packable composite resins. However, there were differences in the number of residual monomers in the material contained in packable composite resins Bis-GMA and UDMA, while the remaining monomers in UDMA outnumbered those in Bis-GMA. Conclusion: The number of residual monomers in Bis-GMA is lower than in the remaining UDMA after 1x20 seconds irradiation, while the number of residual monomers in Bis-GMA and UDMA following 2x20 seconds irradiation was no different to that after irradiation of 1x20 seconds duration.

scholarly journals Influence of increment thickness on microhardness and bond strength in composite resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e32810917974
Author(s):  
Isis Almela Endo Hoshino ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Bachega ◽  
Paulo Henrique dos Santos ◽  
André Luiz Briso ◽  
Rodolfo Bruniera Anchieta
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
New Generation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop microhardness and the microtensile bond strength of a second-generation of bulk-fill (BF) and a nanohybrid composite resins (NH) in different thicknesses of increments. For this, ninety disks of composite resin were made for Knoop microhardness, being divided into six groups (n = 15). The Knoop microhardness obtained in each millimeter of the internal face. For microtensile bond strength, ninety restored in third molars were used, divided into six groups (n = 15). For Knoop microhardness, the Wilcoxon and Friedman test was used. For the microtensile bond strength were used the Two-way Anova test and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05). The NH resin showed higher Knoop micro hardness than BF and it was observed that hardness value decreases as increases the thickness of the resin. There was no significant difference in microtensile bond strength comparing NH and BF. However, there was a significant difference between G2 and G4 for the NH groups, with the highest and lowest bond strength values, respectively. Thus, the new generation of the bulk-fill composite resin provided lower microhardness values as the thickness of the increments increases in comparison with the nanohybrid composite resin. The microtensile bond strength does not appear to have been influenced by the type of resin, or the thickness of the increment.

Comparative Evaluation of Solubilities of Two Nanohybrid Composite Resins in Saliva Substitute and Distilled Water: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranjal S Walzade ◽  
Sumanthini MV ◽  
Vanitha U Shenoy ◽  
Rohini P Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Saliva Substitute ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

ABSTRACT Aim of the study To determine the solubility of nanohybrid (NH) composite resins when immersed in saliva substitute and distilled water. Materials and methods A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (n = 30) were prepared in teflon molds of diameter 10 mm × 2 mm thickness from two NH composite resins. They were light-cured following which the samples were removed and weighed three times using a digital balance. Samples were then immersed in test solutions, i.e., 100 mL of distilled water and saliva substitute each stored for 24 hours and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in an incubator at 37°C at 100% humidity. At the time intervals mentioned, the samples were removed from the incubator, washed with distilled water, blotted dry, and weighed. Samples were again immersed in fresh test solutions. Difference in preweight and postweight of samples was calculated and data were analyzed using appropriate test by testing normality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As observed from the baseline weight to the 28th day weight, there was a loss of weight of the samples in all the groups except NH composite resin (Flash) in distilled water. Conclusion From the results of the study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in weight, with respect to the solubility of the two NH composite resins and the two solutions tested. Clinical significance of the study is that the NH composite resin that shows lesser solubility can be the choice for an esthetic restorative material in patients for long-term results. How to cite this article Mahajan RP, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Walzade PS. Comparative Evaluation of Solubilities of Two Nanohybrid Composite Resins in Saliva Substitute and Distilled Water: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):82-85.

Study Regarding the Influence of Polymerization Mode of Light Unit on Surface Microhardness of Composite Resins

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Simona Stoleriu ◽  
Gianina Iovan ◽  
Manuela Cristina Perju ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Sorin Andrian
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Pulse Mode ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Composite Samples

The aim of the study was to compare the surface microhardness of composite resins polymerized in different mode of light unit. Three commercial composite resins: Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer Co.), Filtek Z 250 (3M ESPE Co.) and G-aenial Anterior (GC Company Co.), were used in this study. Fifteen samples of each material were obtained by placing the composite resin in plastic rings having 2 mm high and 6 mm inner diameter. All composite samples were cured using blue light-emitted diode G 0010 (SKI, China). Five samples were cured using ramp mode of the light unit, five samples were cured using single light: high intensity (constant) mode and five samples were cured using pulse mode. The samples were finished and polished and then stored in distilled water, at room temperature for 48 hours. The samples were subjected to microhardness evaluation using microhardness tester (Micro-Vickers Hardness System CV-400DMTM, CV Instruments Namicon). A 50 g load was applied through a Vickers indenter. For each sample three indentations were made in different areas of the sample and the value of Vickers hardness was calculated as a mean result of the three recordings. Statistical Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the values of surface hardness. Polymerization of all three composite resins using pulse mode leaded to significantly lowest mean hardness values and single light high intensity mode to the highest values. Filtek Z250 composite resin showed the highest microhardness mean values in all three polymerization mode and Charisma the lowest values. Surface microhardness of composite resins is influenced by different modes of light unit. Single light high intensity mode of polymerization leaded to the highest values of microhardness, followed in descending order by ramp and pulse mode. The best results regarding the surface microhardness was recorded for Filtek Z250composite resin, followed in descending order by G-aenial Anterior and Charisma.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Different Bleaching Agents on Marginal Integrity of Two Different Restorative Resin Materials: An Analysis by Confocal Laser Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Nitesh Goyal ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class V ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite

Abstract Introduction In our society, with the advances in cosmetic consciousness, well-aligned, properly contoured, white and clean teeth are a symbol of health and standard of beauty. Thus, tooth bleaching has become popular cosmetic therapy among patients and dentists. Microleakage is a major challenge to the success rate for all type of restorations. Materials and Methods Eighty maxillary human molars were collected and evaluated and Class V cavities 5×3×2 mm size were prepared with straight carbide bur (SS White) on the buccal and palatal surfaces at the cementoenamel junction of all the samples, so that the upper margin would be in enamel and lower margins on root surface. In total, 160 class V cavities were prepared on maxillary molars. Then samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (microfilled and nanohybrid composite resins and control group) and 3 subgroups (Pola Office, Whiteness HP Blue, Whiteness Perfect) according to the type of composite resins and bleaching agents used. After application of bleaching agents, all samples were immersed in a contrast solution of rhodamine B fluorescent dye for 24 hours. Then using a diamond disc samples were sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restorations and sectioned teeth were evaluated for marginal microleakage under confocal laser scanning microscope to check the extent of dye penetration. Results When all composite resin groups were compared with all the bleaching agents, at occlusal and gingival levels, lowest marginal leakage scores were obtained with the microfilled composite resin bleached with Whiteness HP blue, and in nanohybrid composite lowest microleakage score were obtained with Pola office bleach at both levels.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of Bulk-Fill Composites on L929 Fibroblast Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Numan Aydın ◽  
Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu ◽  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
L929 Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
L929 Mouse ◽  
Composite Samples

Objective: Unlike traditional composite resins, bulk-fill composite resins could be polymerized as thicker layers. This study aims to contribute to the field by investigating the cytotoxic effects of various bulk-fill composite resins on L929 mouse fibroblast cells in vitro. Material and Methods: In our study, six bulk fill and one conventional composite resin were used. Composite resin samples (8×4 mm) were prepared in a sterile cabinet by using a glass mod and polymerizing with a led light device (DTE LUX E, Germany). Composite samples (n:3) of which surface area was calculated according to ISO 10993-12: 2012 standards (3 cm2/ml), were kept in media for 24 h and 72 h in 37 oC incubator, their extracts were filtered in 1:1 and 1:2 proportion and were added on L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Cell viability was examined by the MTT assay and cell death by the LDH test. Cell viability results were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p<0.05). Results: When the 1:1 extracts from 4 mm thick bulk-fill composite samples were applied on L929 mouse fibroblast cells, cell viability rates showed significant differences compared to the control group at the end of 24 h and 72 h (except for Estelite Bulk Fill Flow). Although the extracts of the tested composite samples at 1:1 and 1:2 ratio at the end of 72 hours caused a decrease in L929 mouse fibroblast cell viability, the cell viability rate of only PRG-containing bulk fill composite and conventional composite remained below the cell viability ratio (70%) specified in ISO standards. Bulk fill composites did not produce toxic effects (except Beautifil Bulk Restorative) according to the LDH test. Conclusions: Despite decreasing in general the cell viability, bulk-fill composite resins used in 4 mm thick layers provided cell viability rates over the acceptability level, except PRG-containing bulk fill composite (Beautifil Bulk Restorative), which was cytotoxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts. Keywords Bulk fill composite; Cytotoxicity; L929 cells; LDH assay.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques on Surface Roughness of Two Universal Nanohybrid Composite Resins

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (D) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Ebaa Alagha ◽  
Waad Alotaibi ◽  
Maha Maghrbil ◽  
Laila Hakami ◽  
Maram Alrashedi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Light Sectioning ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Glass Slab

AIM: This study investigated the effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness of two types of universal nanohybrid composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 40 samples will be prepared to form two main equal groups of specimens (n = 20), according to the composite resin materials. Two universal nanohybrid resin composites were used in this study. First group (A1) is a universal nanohybrid composite resin (Mosaic) and the second group (A2) is a universal nanohybrid composite resin (Harmonize). Each group was subdivided equally into four equal subgroups (n = 5), according to the used finishing and polishing systems. Mold was made to prepare the specimens with a central hole of 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. Light curing tip was placed touching the glass slab for 20 s then the cured specimens were removed from the mold and the specimens immediately and immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using light sectioning vision system. SEM was done to support the results. RESULTS: The results showed that the lowest (Ra) values were recorded by the specimens under Myler strip followed by Polishing Discs treated specimens followed by Diacomp Plus specimens and the highest (Ra) values were recorded by white polishing stone specimens and regardless to finishing or polishing, it was found that mosaic resin composites group recorded statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower roughness mean value than Harmonize resin composites group. p ≤ 0.05 is statistically significant in all tests. CONCLUSION: Achieving long-lasting esthetics in resin composites restorations needs special attention for obtaining optimal resin polymerization and a perfect surface finish using the appropriate finishing and polishing system.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESIN NANOCERAMIC AND NANOFILLER

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
BANI IMRAN MASULILI ◽  
ENDANG SUPRASTIWI ◽  
DEWA AYU NYOMAN PUTRI ARTININGSIH ◽  
CATERIN NOVISTA
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Shrinkage Rate ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Composite Resin Restorations ◽  
Resin Restorations

Objective: The main cause of failure of composite resin restorations is volumetric shrinkage. The aim of this study was to analyze and comparevolumetric shrinkage in nanohybrid and nanoceramic composite resins.Methods: A total of 32 (3 cm×3 cm× 2 mm) cavities were analyzed for volume using micro-CT. The samples were divided randomly into two groups: 16 cavities that were restored using nanohybrid composite resin and 16 cavities that were restored using nanoceramic composite resin. The composite resin volume was analyzed using micro-CT.Results: The difference in volumetric shrinkage between nanohybrid composite resin 245,866.5 mm3 (3%) and nanoceramic composite resin 3,470,175.13 mm3 (5%) was not significant (p=0.585).Conclusion: Nanohybrid and nanoceramic composite resins have the same volumetric shrinkage rate.

scholarly journals Effect of finishing and polishing on color stability of a nanofilled resin immersed in different media

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Botta Martins de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Camila Cruz LORENZETTI ◽  
Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso GARCIA ◽  
Elisa Maria Aparecida GIRO
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Polishing Procedures

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing on color stability of a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) according to different immersion media.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Composite disks (10 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared for each group (n = 6) using a stainless steel mold. The groups were divided according to the presence or absence of finishing and polishing procedure and immersion media (artificial saliva, artificial juice- KAPO(r) Coca-Cola(r)flavors: pineapple, orange, strawberry and grape). The finishing and polishing procedures were performed using Super -Snap(r) disks. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours (baseline) and were analyzed using a color spectrophotometer by CIELab system. Then, they were immersed in different media for 5 minutes, 3 times a day, every 4 hours during 60 days. They were stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C during the immersion intervals. After this time, new measure of color was performed. The data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann- Whitney test. The significance level was 5%.RESULT: The results showed that the finishing/polishing not significantly influence the color stability of resin composite (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the color stability of the studied resin after immersion in different media (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The finishing and polishing procedures and the immersion media did not have influence on color stability of nanofilled resin Filtek Z350 XT.

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