scholarly journals Pepys’s plague: How the reaction of the individual, society and the medical profession to the Great Plague of 1665 is similar to our experience of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 096777202094878
Author(s):  
Conor Mosli-Lynch ◽  
Nicholas O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Samuel Pepys

Introduction The celebrated diarist Samuel Pepys kept a detailed diary of exceptional candour throughout the years of The Great Plague of 1665, in which he recorded his own observations as well as the reactions of society and the medical profession to this unprecedented event. In this paper we examine his diaries at the time of the plague, as well as in the proceeding years and consider how the experiences of Pepys are similar to our own experiences of the 2020 Coronavirus Epidemic. Method We examined the entire diaries of Samuel Pepys from 1664 to 1670, as well as supplementary source material, looking for all references to The Great Plague. Results and Conclusion: Though written over 350 years ago the diaries paint a very co-orientated response of society to The Plague. Accurate official statistics were available weekly, isolation was imposed and the government made provision for ‘pest houses' to be set up. Pepys is grateful to the doctors who remain in London but critical of the majority who flee the city. Pepys's own reactions, which progress from fear of contracting the disease to fear for his business interests, mirror today's reaction to The 2020 Coronavirus Epidemic.

Hong Kong’s institutional incongruities and its tourism policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiew Ping Yew
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Political System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy And Planning

Purpose – With a focus on Hong Kong tourism policy, the purpose of this paper is to explain the Hong Kong government’s conundrum in addressing society’s concerns and controversies over the massive influx of mainland tourists in recent years. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts the approach of historical institutionalism, in which the notion of structural-power takes centre stage. It outlines some notable trends in Hong Kong’s tourist arrivals and highlights some of the controversies that have arisen before delving into how existing institutional arrangements and key actors have shaped Hong Kong’s tourism policy amid the city’s shifting social, political and economic contexts. Findings – The prevalence of business interests and the ideology of economism largely explain the Hong Kong government’s stasis in tackling the problems stemming from the large inflow of mainland visitors. Institutional arrangements in the post-handover period have further empowered the business class, giving it an edge over the unelected executive that lacks a popular mandate. Therefore, even if the central government has signaled its willingness to adjust the Individual Visit Scheme (IVS) policy, the Hong Kong government is unlikely to propose significant cuts to the inflow of IVS arrivals. Without further political reforms to boost the executive’s legitimacy and accountability to the Hong Kong people, it is doubtful that the government may emerge from its predicament in the near future. Originality/value – Through the lens of tourism policy and planning pertaining to inbound mainland visitors, this paper aims to assess the current state of governance in Hong Kong. It not only offers a timely look into Hong Kong’s political system 17 years after handover but also explores the extent to which apparent dysfunctions in the city’s governance today are a consequence of institutional incongruities in its political system.

scholarly journals FDI in Multi-brand Retailing in India: Comparative study with China

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anuradha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Potential ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Individual Consumer ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Chinese Model ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Retailing is the interface between the producer and the individual consumer buying for personal consumption. As such, retailing is the last link that connects the individual consumer with the manufacturing and distribution chain. Indian retail industry is one of the sunrise sectors with huge growth potential. However, in spite of the recent developments in retailing and its immense contribution to the economy, retailing continues to be the least evolved industries and the growth of organised retailing in India has been much slower as compared to rest of the world. This paper captures the existing retail scenario in India with regard to organized and un-organized retail and presents the limitations of the current set-up along with the experiences of domestic players. The paper discusses about opening up of the multibrand retail sector to foreign direct investment by the government. The rationale for retail reforms and challenges to be addressed by the retail sector are discussed. FDI in Retail is like an allopathic medicine It would deliver quick results & would not work as hit & trial like Homeopath. Government must go for Policy Mix to avoid its side effects. It will require various changes in internal policies also. The whole process must be made socially & economically useful.It will be better to follow the Chinese model of caution and hurrying slowly. China took over 12years to liberalise its FDI regime and in stages with reversals as well. The Chinese retail environment is 20years ahead of us. Looking at their market today can give us a rough idea of how FDI in multi brand retail in India might pan out in the medium term and long term period.

Penance and the Priestless Old Believers in Modern Russia, 1771–c.1850

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Paert
Keyword(s):  
Bubonic Plague ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Divine Punishment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

The epidemic of bubonic plague that spread in Russia between 1770 and 1772, claiming about 100,000 lives, was perceived as a divine punishment by many ordinary Russians. In 1771, Moscow witnessed popular riots, which were partly caused by the unwillingness of ecclesiastical authorities to allow Muscovites to venerate the icon of the Mother of God placed above the St Barbara Gates in the Kremlin and which was believed to have miraculous powers against epidemic. In order to stop the spread of the infection, the Moscow authorities established sanitary cordons around the city. In such an atmosphere of social crisis the Old Believers, a conservative current of Russian religious dissent, articulated popular fears and proposed a solution to these. The Old Believer merchants had received permission from the government to set up quarantine hospitals and cemeteries on the borders of the city. This led to the emergence of two Old Believer centres in Moscow in the suburb of Lefortovo: Rogozhskoe, that belonged to the priestly Old Believers, and Preobrazhenskoe, belonging to a branch of the priestless Old Believers, the Theodosians (fedoseevtsy).

scholarly journals Ekspansi Bisnis Pergudangan Dusun Patte’ne Desa Temmapadduae Kabupaten Maros, 1995-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Mariana Mariana ◽  
Muh Rasyid Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
City Center ◽  
City Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang terbentuknya pergudangan di Dusun Patte’ne Desa Temmapadduae Kabupaten Maros, perkembangan Pergudangan serta dampaknya  terhadap masyarakat di kabupaten Maros. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa latar belakang terbentuknya Gudang di Patte’ne dikarenakan letak geografis yang dekat dengan pusat kota dan kepadatan penduduk kota serta banyaknya lahan kosong untuk pembangunan gudang dan banyaknya bahan baku dari luar yang membutuhkan tempat penyimpanan. Kehadiran pergudangan bagi pemerintah memberikan keuntungan terhadap Pajak serta membantu Pemerintah Setempat untuk mengurangi Pengangguran. Kemudian bagi masyarakat membantu dalam hal peningkatan kualitas peluang usaha yang dulunya hanya mendirikan warung-warung kecil kini menjadi cukup besar. Masyarakat juga terbantu dalam hal menunaikan ibadah haji dan umrah dari penjualan lahan mereka. Ratusan orang telah menunaikan haji dan umrah karena dari penjualan tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sejarah dengan metodologi sejarah yang memiliki tahap yaitu, heuristik (pengumpulan data), kritik (verifikasi), interpretasi (penafsiran), dan historiografi (penulisan sejarah). Kata Kunci:Perkembangan, Pergudangan dan Desa Patte’ne AbstractThis research aims to find out the background of warehousing formation in the village of Patte'ne Temmapadduae, Maros Regency, development of warehouse and its impact on people in Maros district. The results of this study showed that the background was formed by the warehouse in Patte'ne because of the geographical location that is close to the city center and city population density as well as the number of vacant land for warehouse development and many raw materials from outside Requiring a storage space. The presence of warehousing for the government provides benefits to taxes and helps the local government to reduce unemployment. Then for the community to help in terms of improving the quality of business opportunities that used to only set up small stalls now become large enough. People are also helped in doing Hajj and Umrah from the sale of their land. Hundreds of people have performed Hajj and Umrah because of the sale. This research is a historical study with historical methodologies that have the stage that is, heuristics (data collection), criticism (verification), interpretation (interpretation), and historiography (historical writing). Keywords:  Developments, Warehousing and Patte'ne Village.

Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Control of Sexuality in World War II Vienna

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Herwig Czech
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Nazi drive for racial order led to the implementation of an authoritarian public health system which systematically subordinated the rights of the individual to the preventive protection of the Volksgemeinschaft. This article focuses on the example of Vienna in order to address the history of venereal disease control, public health politics towards prostitution and medical persecution of socially undesirable behavior under the influence of the biopolitical agenda of the Nazi regime. Combining sexual and racist motives, VD provided the regime with powerful images evoking a threat to the “purity” of the community. On one hand, forced laborers were subjected to a strict segregation from the local population because they personified the threat of infectious transgression. On the other hand, the concern with VD infections led to the stigmatization of women as sexually promiscuous and “antisocial.” At the same time, the authorities undertook the systematic reorganization of extramarital sex in the city. The network of brothels set up for this purpose not only served to minimize the dangers of VD; they channelled uncontrolled sexual activities by providing men with outlets for their sexual needs and by subjugating prostitution to the control of the authorities. This indicates that the whole realm of illicit sex was subjected to the principles of economic rationality, hygiene, discipline and visibility, thereby adding the brothel to the classic set of disciplinary institutions.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN KETENTUAN DAN PRESEPSI WAJIB PAJAK TENTANG PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMER 46 TAHUN 2013 TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DALAM MELAKSANAKAN KETENTUAN PADA WAJIB PAJAK PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunitha Tri Kartika ◽  
Andri Waskita Aji
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine the effect of the provisions of the understanding and perception of actors taxpayer Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of the Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 on tax compliance in implementing the provisions of Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 in the city of Yogyakarta. Sampling in this study using a convenience sampling and questionnaire survey method with the data collection. Respondents were sampled in this study are the individual taxpayers and corporate taxpayers in the city of Yogyakarta. Research data analysis using multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.0. Based on the results of the analysis conducted this study indicate that understanding the taxpayer on Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 significantly influence taxpayer compliance in implementing the provisions of Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013. While variable taxpayer's perception of Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 has no effect significantly on tax compliance in implementing the provisions of Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013. Keywords: provision understanding and perception of the taxpayer on government regulation number 46 of 2013.

scholarly journals Based on the DEA Model of Security Housing Construction Efficiency Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2537-2541
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Qin Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Construction Efficiency

Social indemnificatory housing is in the construction of house of our country town with relatively particularity a type of housing, it is usually refers to according to the national policy and legal regulations, unified planning, by the government as a whole, to provide specific people use, and on this kind of housing construction standards and sales price or rent standard to limit, the social security function of housing. The paper USES data envelope analysis method, in order to hebei province various administrative city in January 2012 to August safeguard room construction progress data as the research object, analyses the related statistics and analysis, compare the city in hebei province administrative safeguard room construction progress, obtain the progress development not balanced result, among them, the individual administrative city obviously lag behind other locally administratered level. We hope that this paper to ensure room construction efficiency is evaluation provide guidance.

Technology Enhanced Learning in Continuing Medical Education

2009 ◽  
pp. 742-749
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Trentin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Enhanced Learning

The traditional training programs will be increasingly intended as the early stages of a learning process designed to last over time under the direct responsibility of the individual. This is true particularly in cases where professional knowledge is prone to rapid obsolescence. Such is the case of the medical profession where, besides an initial university education and professional development based on direct experience, there is the need for a process of continuous education on scientific research results and best professional practice carried out by colleagues (Manning & DeBakey, 2001; Wyatt, 2000). It is precisely due to this requirement that many educational institutions and agencies in Italy have set up specific continuing medical education (CME) programs.

The Governor of Burma and his Critics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Woods
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

This chapter looks at the much-criticized role of the Governor of Burma, Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith, who took over in May 1941. Although the correspondents were restrained in their criticisms of the governor while the campaign was progressing, some of them did not hold back in their later books, which were subject to much less censorship. The focus of criticism was on civil defense arrangements in Rangoon, on Dorman-Smith’s supposed influence on military strategy, on his failure to implement martial law in the city, and to recognize the extent of Burmese “fifth column” activity. It is argued that some of these criticisms resulted from the slowness to establish an effective public relations set-up in Burma. This left the journalists without proper information of the progress of the war and antagonized some of them by restricting their movements and strictly censoring their dispatches. This meant that there was a failure to explain the Government of Burma’s case effectively until after the retreat was over.

Transit Route Design in the Emerging City Unit around High-Speed Rail Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2166-2169
Author(s):  
Xiao Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Route Design ◽  
Transit Route ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Transit Routes ◽  
The City

Most high-speed rail stations are generally built in the periphery of the city. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to build new transit routes to meet the traffic demand in the emerging city unit around the high-speed rail stations. This paper formulates a model based on genetic algorithms (GA) to design transit route considering various evaluation standards. Numerical example is set up to illustrate the model and algorithm.

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