Developing Entrepreneurial Intensity among Women Entrepreneurs of Jammu & Kashmir: Model Building through Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Siddiqui ◽  
Sumaira Jan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Model Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sustainable Advantage ◽  
Significant Loading ◽  
Competitive Aggressiveness ◽  
High Level

In developing nations like India, entrepreneurship can be a solution of many economy-related problems; to achieve this, high level of entrepreneurial intensity (EI) is to be ensured. EI measures the focus and commitment of an entrepreneur towards his/her venture. It can influence performance of firms, provide sustainable advantage to individuals, societies etc. The state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is facing issues like low GDP and high unemployment. High level of EI, especially among women, can provide solution to many of its problems. So, the present endeavour assesses the level of intensity among the women entrepreneurs and then suggests some measures to enhance the same. The results of the study show that innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy, which are taken as the basic postulates of EI in study, show significant loading. Although women entrepreneurs tend to show pro-activeness and competitive aggressiveness strongly, it is innovativeness, risk-taking and autonomy are not good fit. This study proposes a model for training for the women entrepreneurs to improve their level of EI to accelerate the growth of entrepreneurship in the state. This will in turn enhance the overall economic growth of the state.

scholarly journals A Spatial-temporal Analysis of Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity in Agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Javaid Ahmad Andrabi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
The State ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spatial Temporal Analysis

In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze spatial-temporal changes in cropping pattern and cropping intensity in agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir. Data were obtained from Statistical Abstract of Jammu and Kashmir. Copping pattern and cropping intensity have been presented in the percentage forms. Results of the study reveal that cropping pattern is much diverse with high level of cropping intensity in agriculture of the state. It has been found that maize is still most cultivated crop in the state, covering an area of 27.4 % to total cropped area during 2010-11. Wheat has been found second most cultivated crop with increasing trend of area. The area under rice and pulses crop has decreased rapidly over the period. Cropping intensity has also continuously increased from 119.70% in 1965-66 to 155.79 % in 2010-11. The highest cropping intensity has been recorded in samba (212.63%) whereas lowest registered in Kupwara (100%) district of the state.

Security Council

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-834
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The State ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

The Security Council at its 1012th to 1016th meetings, June 15–22, 1962, continued discussion of the situation prevailing in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. At the invitation of the President, the representatives of India and Pakistan took seats at the Council table. Mr. Adlai Stevenson (United States) expressed the opinion that it was die duty of the Council to search for a solution to this dispute which threatened the peace of the sub-continent. He referred to the common ground which existed between the two parties, namely the resolutions of the UN Commission on India and Pakistan (UNCIP) of August 13, 1948, and January 5, 1949, and in particular to paragraph 1 of the January 5 resolution which stated that “the question of the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite”. He hoped that both parties would agree to a high-level conference to explore the prospects for negotiations and discussions which hopefully might lead to a final resolution of the dispute.

scholarly journals A Spatio-Temporal Changes in Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity in Agriculture to Get a Business Profit in Jammu and Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Javaid Ahmad Andrabi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Changes ◽  
The State ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Business Profit ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze spatio-temporal changes in cropping pattern and cropping intensity in agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir. Data were obtained from Statistical Abstract of Jammu and Kashmir. Copping pattern and cropping intensity have been presented in the percentage forms. Results of the study reveal that cropping pattern is much diverse with high level of cropping intensity in agriculture of the state. It has been found that maize is still most cultivated crop in the state, covering an area of 27.4 % to total cropped area during 2010-11. Wheat has been found second most cultivated crop with increasing trend of area. The area under rice and pulses crop has decreased rapidly over the period. Cropping intensity has also continuously increased from 119.70% in 1965-66 to 155.79 % in 2010-11. The highest cropping intensity has been recorded in samba (212.63%) whereas lowest registered in Kupwara (100%) district of the state.

Developing and Validating a Scale to Assess Strategic Entrepreneurship Among Women: A Case of Jammu and Kashmir in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Siddiqui ◽  
Sumaira Jan
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
The State ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Strategic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Positive Variation ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Strategic Perspective

The combination of entrepreneurship and strategic management, called strategic entrepreneurship, is still in its infancy, as Hitt et al. proposed it in the year 2001. Since then researchers have continuously pushed their limits to explore it on different fronts and domains. But, so far, a mutual consent on what actually constitutes it has not been achieved. In developing nations like India, this concept presents huge opportunities for researchers to explore it on different dimensions and domains. Specifically talking about the state of Jammu and Kashmir ( J & K) where entrepreneurship was once considered to be a male-dominated field, this concept presents huge opportunities for researchers to fill in the gap. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a scale which can be used to assess strategic entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs of the state of J & K in India. The major takeaway of this study is that innovativeness, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial mindset, strategic management of resources and networking significantly load on strategic entrepreneurship. The study proposes a significantly positive relationship between the various dimensions which means a positive variation in one dimension leads to a positive variation in another as well and vice versa. The study provides a scale which can be used for test–retest analysis for future studies on strategic entrepreneurship in the state. This study is of great help to the researchers who want to explore strategic perspective of entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs.

The Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resiliency Scale in Chinese Undergraduates

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Cui ◽  
Xiujie Teng ◽  
Xupei Li ◽  
Tian P.S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Criterion Variable ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

The current study examined the factor structure and the psychometric properties of Sandra Prince-Embury’s Resiliency Scale for Adolescents (RESA) in Chinese undergraduates. A total of 726 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two subsamples: Sample A was used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Sample B was used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA revealed that 56 items and a model of 10 factors with 3 higher order factors (as described by Sandra) were to be retained; CFA with Sample B confirmed this result. The overall scale and the subscales of the Chinese-RESA demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Furthermore, concurrent validity was demonstrated by the correlation of the scale with other instruments such as the PANAS and the CSS, and the predictive validity was confirmed via three multiple regression analyses using the PANAS as a criterion variable: one for the 10 subscales of the C-RESA, one for the 3 higher order scales, and one for the total C-RESA. We concluded that the C-RESA may be used for research into Chinese undergraduates’ adaptive behaviors.

Environmental Scanning for Organisational Effectiveness: A Study of Select MSMEs of Jammu and Kashmir, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Chauhan ◽  
Sushma Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Impact

Environmental scanning yields greater anticipatory management that provides important inputs for aquitision and use of information for planning and designing organization strategies. Apart from this, effective environmental scanning activities are likely to deal with threats and grasp the opportunities to finally link with enhancing organizational effectiveness. In fact this relationship matrix has led the researchers to conduct an environmental scanning through an examination of the existing status the components of the macro-environment vis-a-vis their relationship with the organizational effectiveness. There are a number of approaches, which describe the macro-environment, of which PEST analysis is regarded as the most common approach for considering the external business environment. Thus, the present study applies PEST analysis to scan the existing business environment. Jammu and Kashmir due to its peculiar political, geographical, economic, and socio-cultural features, had led its cost mountain economy become a distinctive identity. Despite the fact that the state has rich endowments, international relations with its neighbours vis-a-vis its impact on political environment also pose developmental challenges for the business units operating in the state. This has provided valid rationale for conducting the present. The environmental scanning is done through the perception of the select entrepreneurs operating MSMEs in the state of J & K. An impact analysis of environmental factors (PEST) on the organizational effectiveness is also done in the study. The findings of the study show that the political environment of the state that is not favourable for entrepreneural development whereas the rest of the other drivers of PEST i.e. economic environment, socio-cultural environment, and technological environment show a favourable response of the entrepreneurs. In terms of cause and effect relationship, it is found that the first two drivers of the PEST i.e. political and economic dimension impacts OE positively whereas the other two dimensions namely socio-cultural and technological impacts OE negatively but it is pertinent to mention that the impact is very less and is insigninificant. The study also suggests some of strategic options for developing and creating an enabling environment for successful entrepreneurial development to achieve integrated development of the state.

Multidimensional analysis of the state of Russian studies on the education issues over 1993–2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Рубвальтер ◽  
Dmitry Rubvalter ◽  
Александр Либкинд ◽  
Alexander Libkind ◽  
Валентина Маркусова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Global Flow ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

A multidimensional analysis of the state of Russian studies on the education issues over 1993–2016 was carried out based on the materials of the data contained in the Web of Science (SSCI, A & HCI and SCI-E databases). There were determined the dynamics and trends of a number of relevant indicators, such as the number of Russian publications by year, the share of these publications in the global flow of publications on education issues, the dynamics of the share of publications made in co-authorship with foreign colleagues, etc. A number of distributions of Russian publications on educational issues was compiled and analyzed: by journals, by Russian regions and cities, by organizations and authors of the publications. It was found that most of these distributions were characterized by a high level of non-uniformity. A list of journals (125 titles) in which Russian works on education issues had been published was compiled. Russian organizations (308) and domestic researchers (about two thousand) engaged in studying the issues of education were identified. It was discovered that more than 200 organizations and about 400 academicians from 60 foreign countries had participated in Russian studies on the education issues.

Should Fast-Food Franchisees Pursue Entrepreneurial Orientation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Asgharian ◽  
Misagh Tasavori ◽  
Jim Andersén
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Unidimensional Construct ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Competitive Aggressiveness ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although it is widely accepted that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) improves firm performance, scholars have advised that particular attention should be paid to the context. In this research, we investigate a less explored context of franchising where business systems and procedures are usually dictated to franchisees by franchisors. Therefore, whether a franchisor should allow franchisees to pursue EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) is not clear. In the context of franchising, the majority of prior studies have mainly focused on the employment of EO as a unidimensional construct and at the franchisor level. In this research, we take a bottom-up perspective and evaluate the impact of different dimensions of EO on franchisees’ performance. Our analysis of a multi-group of 183 restaurant franchisees located in Sweden and Iran reveals that only the pursuit of proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness improves a franchisee’s performance and other dimensions do not play a significant role in improving performance in this context.

scholarly journals Courage and Cowardice in the North African Campaign: The Eighth Army and Defeat in the Summer of 1942

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fennell
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
North African ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eighth Army

High rates of desertion and surrender during the battles in North Africa in the summer of 1942 were a major factor in Eighth Army’s poor combat performance. At the time, some suggested that these problems were symptomatic of a lack of courage or even of cowardice. There are two broad strands to the conceptualization of courage and cowardice. One focuses on the willingness of the person to fight; the other puts emphasis on how actions express an individual’s ability to cope with fear. Whichever conceptualization is used, high morale motivates the soldier to fight and shields the ordinary recruit from his fear, preventing it from overcoming him in battle. Where morale fails, the soldier is left demotivated and burdened with his terror and, therefore, and is therefore prone to desertion or surrender. Because it is extremely difficult to maintain morale at a continuously high level in an environment governed by chance and managed by humans, all soldiers can find themselves in situations where their actions may be judged as cowardly. Alternatively, if they are properly motivated to fight and prepared by the state and military to deal with the unavoidable fear of combat, all soldiers can be labelled courageous. Accordingly, emotive terms should be avoided when attempting to describe rationally explainable outcomes. The undoubtedly negative connotations attached to cowardice in battle and the positive ones attached to courage are, therefore, arguably unhelpful in understanding Eighth Army’s performance in the summer of 1942 and the human dimension in warfare more generally.

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