International Trade Cooperation and Exogenous Economic Shocks in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792094518
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments

This article explores whether the World Trade Organization (WTO), through its role of promoting multilateral trade liberalisation and mobilising greater financial resources (i.e., Aid for Trade [AfT] flows) in favour of the trade sector in developing countries, contributes to reducing the size of external economic shocks experienced by these countries. An empirical analysis is carried out using a sample of 111 countries over the period 1996–2016 and relying on the two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. The findings indicate that taken separately, multilateral trade liberalisation and AfT flows reduce the size of shocks. While the two factors are substitutable in negatively influencing countries’ size of shocks, it also appears that multilateral trade liberalisation always results in smaller shocks, irrespective of the amount of AfT that accrues to countries.

scholarly journals Centralization of the Global REDD+ Financial Network and Implications under the New Climate Regime

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-hun Kim ◽  
Dong-hwan Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Lee ◽  
Sunjoo Park ◽  
Seong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Financial Network ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Donor Numbers ◽  
Major Donors

With the institutionalization of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+), the global REDD+ financial network has been formed to support the implementation of REDD+ in developing countries. Although the rapid expansion of the network made it decentralized, it is still a highly centralized network in terms of the distribution of financial resources, revolving around only a few major actors. While the source of financing was diversified due to an increase in influential donors, the majority of financing still came from a few constant major donors, and a few constant major developing countries received most of the financial support. Although increases in donor numbers and the amount of finance received can provide more chances to support developing countries, it may cause inefficiency due to overlaps and duplications. Also, over-centralization of financial resources can be ineffective in terms of achieving maximum greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, and can broaden gaps between developing countries’ ability to cope with climate change and deforestation. Lack of coordination among donors and the differing capacity of developing countries may have caused centralization of financial resources in the global REDD+ financial network. To minimize this problem, a comprehensive monitoring system and platforms for information sharing are needed.

The role of research for sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine D. Mavroudis ◽  
Constantine Mavroudis ◽  
Jeffrey P. Jacobs ◽  
Allison Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Problems

AbstractSignificant challenges face developing countries as a result of the maldistribution of access to healthcare throughout the world, specifically access to paediatric cardiac care. Sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes must be established in developing countries to provide care to all children with congenital heart disease. Education and research are essential components to sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries to define local problems and the incidence of disease, and to generate solutions thereto related. Research can contribute to developing local expertise, improving technology, providing opportunities for local talent, generating financial resources, enhancing the dignity of people, and the facilitating resolution of health problems throughout the world. Clinical trials conducted in developing countries should meet the same ethical standards as trials based in developed countries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trade Openness on Income Inequality with the Role of Institutional Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Lim Thye Goh ◽  
Siong Hook Law
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
New Evidence

This study investigates the effect of trade openness on income inequality using the panel system generalised method of moments (GMM). The sample countries consist of 65 developed and developing countries and the time period covers from 1984 to 2012. This study also provides new evidence that sheds light on the role of institutional quality in influencing the effectof trade openness on income inequality. The empirical results reveal that trade openness tends to increase income inequality. In addition, the marginal effect also revealed that institutional quality has a corrective effect on the trade openness – income inequality nexus.

Post-acquisition Performance Analysis of Indian Target Firms: The Role of Deal Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
Sheeba Kapil ◽  
Gaurav Barick
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Stock Market Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Firms ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to identify and determine various dimensions of deal characteristics affecting the post-acquisition performance of Indian target firms. Available researches have focussed on the stock market reaction as the indicator of target firm performance. Nonetheless, various determinants are found to affect the post-acquisition performance of target firms. Bearing that in mind, this article focusses on the significance of deal characteristics while assessing the performance of the Indian target firms post-acquisition. The article attempts to analyse the post-acquisition performance of target firms independent of the acquirer firm to get a more appropriate perception of their position. The change model, generalised method of moments (GMM) model and the regression model has been employed to assess the changes in operating performance, analyse the importance of financial variables in post-acquisition performance and study the impact of deal characteristics in the post-acquisition performance of the Indian target firms. The outcomes reveal that there has been a significant difference in the improvement of targets depending on whether it has been taken over by a domestic acquirer or inbound acquirer.

scholarly journals Effect of Productive Capacities on Economic Complexity: Do Aid for Trade Flows Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-688
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Aid For Trade

This is the first study to examine the effect of productive capacities on economic complexity and understand whether the Aid for Trade (AfT) flows is important for this effect in recipient countries. The analysis uses a sample of 126 developed and developing countries for 2002-2018 and adopts the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments approach. Results show that strengthening productive capacities enhances economic complexity. Furthermore, productive capacities and total AfT flows are strongly complementary in positively affecting economic complexity, and the degree of complementarity is higher for poor countries than for other AfT-recipient countries. Similarly, productive capacities are strongly complementary with total Non-AfT flows, as well as for total development aid. These findings highlight the need for scaling-up development aid flows, notably AfT flows, in favor of developing countries and poor countries having the lowest levels of productive capacities.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250008 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LLOYD
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Global Economic Governance

The paper reviews critically the arguments concerning greater voice for Developing Countries in global governance. It supports the arguments for greater voice but argues that greater voice brings with it greater responsibilities in terms of the actions and commitments from Developing Countries. The two main illustrations are the multilateral trade negotiations in the WTO and the negotiations concerning climate change in the UN. In both case, it is argued, developing countries must assume greater responsibilities if these negotiations are to be concluded. This can be done in a way which yields net benefits to the Developing Countries themselves.

The future of Aid for Trade: challenges and options

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-JACQUES HALLAERT
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Multilateral Agreement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
Pros And Cons

AbstractThe Aid for Trade Initiative needs to be revamped. This article describes the challenges the Initiative faces and describes the pros and cons of possible reforms. The Aid for Trade Initiative succeeded in mobilizing quickly a large amount of financial resources. However, because the Doha Round talks stalled, the aid mobilized could not support the implementation of a multilateral agreement. Instead, it was spent on various projects, some of them not clearly related to trade. This affected developing countries confidence in the Initiative. To make matters worse, in the midst of a fiscal crisis that threatens development budgets, the Initiative had difficulties showing convincing results. In order to preserve resource mobilization, the WTO is expanding the scope of the Initiative to new areas only remotely related to trade and the trade and development nexus. This is unlikely to build confidence. The WTO should rather narrow the scope of the Initiative in order to make it more focused and efficient.

scholarly journals FINANCING LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Sydorovych
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Personal Income Tax

This paper provides the comparison of the Ukrainian system ofintergovernmental relations and international experience of developed and developing countries in the context of revenue sharing within current decentralisation trends. The paper analyses the role of income taxes (and personal income tax in particular) within the economic and legal framework and emphasises their importance in funding needs of local governments. Statistic and comparative analyses are employed for this aim. A set of directions for further reform is proposed, aiming at providing local governments with tools and levers to generate sufficient financial resources for efficient provision of essential local services.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

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