Reduction in Lifetime Fertility Through MNCS in Rural Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
pp. 101852912110657
Author(s):  
M. Showkat Gani ◽  
A. K. M. Ahsan Ullah ◽  
Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam ◽  
Lennarth Nyström ◽  
A. Mushtaque R. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Living Children

This study assesses the effect of a customised Maternal Neonatal and Child Survival (MNCS) intervention in the rural areas of Bangladesh. This study attempts to estimate the lifetime fertility rate and the proportion of live births ≥3, and the age-specific lifetime fertility patterns among the women of reproductive age. This quasi-experimental study used impact evaluation data from the MNCS intervention in 2013 and compared these with the baseline data collected in 2008. We used a multi-stage, cluster random sampling technique to include 6,000 and 4,800 women in 2008 and 2013, respectively. The respondents were either mothers who had alive/deceased infants or the mothers whose pregnancy was terminated or who had living children of 12–59 months without pregnancy outcomes in the preceding year of the surveys. Based on the mean difference of live births from baseline to endline year for each intervention union, and then we compared these two areas (intervention and control unions). Overall lifetime fertility rate declined significantly in high-performing intervention unions (from 2.6 to 2.2/woman, p < .001) or in control unions (from 2.4 to 2.2/woman; p < .001). The degree of reduction of fertility increased significantly with age, and such a change was most prominent in the case of women ≥35 years old. Multivariate analyses suggest that the likelihood of having live births ≥3 reduced significantly in high-performed intervention compared to control unions. In conclusion, the probability of reducing lifetime fertility over time increases with a higher level of access, degree and duration of the customised intervention.

scholarly journals Medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population of the region (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
R U Khabriev ◽  
E N Mingazova ◽  
T N Shigabutdinova ◽  
R N Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Demographic Process ◽  
Live Births

Aim. To analyze the dynamic changes in medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population, markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of literary sources that determine the general trend in the demographic situation in the country, as well as information from statistical collections of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia and Tatarstan. The analytical and statistical methods (descriptive statistics, student criterion, trend analysis) were used in the study. Results. It was revealed that the fertility rate of women living in rural areas decreased by dynamics (between 1991 and 2017, from 79.9 to 42.3 per 1000 women aged 1549; p 0.05). Before 2014, the indicator for rural residents was higher than that for urban women. Since 2015, the trend has been reversed: among urban women it has become higher than among those living in rural areas, which correlates with the birth rate in urban and rural areas. Percentage of live births from 1991 to 2017 in women of early reproductive age (up to 20 years) decreased among urban women from 11.3 to 3.7% (p 0.05), among rural women from 10.0 to 5.8% (p 0.05); among urban women in the age group 2024 years from 35.4 to 27.1% (p 0.05), among rural women of the same age from 40.9 to 34.2% (p 0.05). In the observed period, percentage of live births among women of the older reproductive age increased both among residents of cities and in rural areas. Percentage of births by birth order was changed: in urban areas accounted for 55.9% of the first child, in rural areas 44.3%; for the second child 35.1% and 34.2%, respectively; for third and more children 9 and 21.5%. Conclusion. The analysis of medical and social indicators of the reproductive potential of the female population and markers of trends in the formation of the medical and demographic process in the region suggests a decrease in fertility rate (fertility) with an increase in the mean age of women at childbirth.

scholarly journals Gender differentials in the Use of Instructional Models in Enhancing Adolescents’ Interest and Achievement in Voter Education Contents of Senior Secondary School Government Curriculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Grace Ogechukwu Ugwonna ◽  
Samuel Agozie Ezeudu ◽  
Okechukwu Onyinye Nwaubani ◽  
Anthonia N. Utoh-Ofong ◽  
Obiageli Calista Onyeanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Instructional Models ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Senior Secondary

The study determined gender effect in the efficacy of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry instructional models in enhancing adolescent students&rsquo; interest and achievement in voter education related contents of senior secondary school Government curriculum. The study adopted quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. Sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from senior secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the intact classes from each of the schools that were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) and Government Interest Inventory (GII) were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that both group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models were effective in enhancing interest and achievement of male and female students in voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. However, group investigation proved more efficacious. These findings were exhaustively discussed with recommendations on how to manage gender factor in using student-centred instructional models in enhancing students&rsquo; interest and achievement.

How Does Servant Leadership Behaviour Affect Job Satisfaction? A Study on Indian Academia

2020 ◽  
pp. 231971452096869
Author(s):  
Sonika Singh ◽  
Piar Chand Ryhal
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Multi Stage

The importance of and focus on educational leadership have been increasing, but there have been insufficient studies in India testing the role of servant leadership (SL) and its impact on the job satisfaction (JS) of teaching staff. The present study examines the role of the SL behaviour of school principals and its impact on JS. Data were collected from 728 secondary school teachers belonging to Himachal Pradesh, a state of North India, using the multi-stage probability sampling technique. Mean, correlation and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed in the data analysis to test our hypotheses. Statistical analysis revealed that teachers perceive a moderate level of JS and SL. A significant positive correlation was found between SL and JS, and SL was found to have a positive and significant impact on JS. The squared multiple correlation value ( R2) showed a 57 per cent variance in JS among academic teaching staff. Despite being one of the educationally and economically high-performing states, Himachal Pradesh has not been the focus of educational researchers. The present study contributes to build and add knowledge on SL and JS by exploring the relationship between the two.

Analysis of whole and filleted stockfish (Gadusmorhua) marketing IN Ebonyi Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
M.O. Nwabunike ◽  
G.V.C. Igwe ◽  
I.K. Agama ◽  
C.E. Esheya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Broad Objective ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was conducted with the broad objective of analyzing the profitability of marketing different forms (whole and filleted) of stock fish in Ebonyi rural markets. A total of 80 stock fish sellers were carefully selected through an unbiased (multi-stage and random) sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using simple frequency and percentages as well as gross margin and comparative cost ratio. The result showed that 92.5% of the stockfish sellers were females and married with mean age of 38 years, mean household size of 9 persons and mean year of experience of 14. It was further observed that between the two forms of stock fish marketed in Ebonyi rural communities, filleted type was more profitable having a profit of N669,000 and benefit cost ratio (BCR) of N1: 2.352 as against that of whole form with a profit of N286,000 and BCR of N1: 1.685. The results of the study implied that it is advisable to market stock fish in the filleted form rather than selling it whole. Keywords: Stock fish, gross margin, marketing, profitability, Ebonyi Rural Area

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF SAHIWAL DISTRICT, PUNJAB PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ijaz ◽  
Adnan Ahmad Dogar ◽  
Ikram Shah ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Lodhi ◽  
Shakirullah Dawar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Constraints

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to analyze the socio-cultural constraints that affect different dimensions of women empowerment in rural areas of Punjab province. Political participation and self-esteem were taken as dominant characteristics of women empowerment among lots of variables that collectively define women empowerment. Methodology: A mixed-method approach was used to study different dimensions of women empowerment. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 85 respondents excluding widows and divorced women. Two focus group discussions were conducted, one in each village to further understand the phenomenon or empowerment and constraints faced by women. The data got analyzed by using tables and graphs made in MS Excel. Main findings: Findings of the study indicate that although cultural constraints hinder the process of women empowerment a great deal, a husband's education along with a woman's education plays a significant role in women empowerment. Results showed that if the husband is more educated, women are more empowered politically and have higher self-esteem. Application of the study: The significant contribution of a single factor in overall women empowerment is very interesting and needs further in-depth studies on different locations. The results can contribute to policy formulation for women empowerment on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Rural Dwellers’ Involvement in Developmental Projects in Osun State

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Odeyemi Oladele Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Rural development is the integrated approach to food production as well as physical, social and institutional infrastructural provisions with an ultimate goal of bringing about both quantitative and qualitative changes which result in improved living standard of the rural population. The study was conducted to investigate gender difference of rural dwellers’ involvement in rural development projects in Atakunmosa-west Local Government area of Osun State. It also described the demographic characteristics of the respondents, identified different rural developmental projects undergone by the respondents, showed the problems associated with their involvement and determined the men and women perceived benefits of their involvement. Data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire and were administered to 60 males and 60 females in 6 communities. A multi stage random sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents and data analysis was by the use of SPSS. Some of the findings revealed that men were well involved and women were poorly involved in development projects. Majority of respondents were Christians, were not youths and married. All the respondents encountered one problem or the other during their involvement in rural developmental projects and at the same time perceived many benefits from their involvement. It was recommended among others, that women should be encouraged to be actively involved in physical development activities by giving them adequate recognition and attention so that they can have that sense of belonging. Government and non-governmental organization should introduce more gender responsive projects to rural areas, in order to ensure active and equal involvement of both men and women.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Financial Literacy Divide in India: A Comparative Study of Kerala and Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
N. P. Abdul Azeez ◽  
M. Nasira Banu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Financial Decision

One of the significant competencies required in the contemporary scenario is an awareness or knowledge of varied financial affairs and the skill to handle matters apropos of finance. The dearth of financial literacy precludes rural people from the country's formal financial system and created a rural-urban financial divide, especially in the digitalized era. Effective incorporation of financial literacy in formal education will lead to greater access to financial services. This paper tries to find the rural-urban financial literacy divide based on the primary data collected from two states of India, namely Kerala and Uttar Pradesh. A total of 400 samples respondents were taken by using the multi-stage sampling technique. A comprehensive approach for measuring financial literacy is developed by constructing the Financial Literacy Index (FLI), which comprises financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. The results concluded with the rural-urban financial literacy divide findings as the financial literacy in rural areas is consistently lower than in urban. The results expose the need for a persistent and prolonged intervention from all the stakeholders, including policymakers, to enhance and sustain financial literacy to accomplish a bright financial decision making by the rural people.

scholarly journals Natal and neonatal care practices of recently-delivered woman in rural areas of Lucknow district

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Arun Yadav ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal Ranjan Srivastava ◽  
Zeashan Haider Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Auxiliary Nurse ◽  
Care Practices

Background: The health of women and children are eternally linked and when the health of women and child improves, life improves by every measure. Deaths associated with child birth were so common that societies developed cultural coping strategies or traditional practices. The objective of the study is to assess natal and neonatal care practices in rural areas of Lucknow district.Methods: The present study was carried out in the rural areas of Lucknow district. Study unit was recently delivered women (RDW), who gave birth to live newborn in last 1 year in rural areas of Lucknow for a period of 12 months. It was community based cross sectional study. A total of 368 RDW were interviewed. Multi stage random sampling technique was used to select RDW.Results: Majority cited all the reasons for preferring institutional delivery (58.2%) followed by those citing it cheaper or better services (17.4%) each and incentive (7.4%) respectively. Weight of baby was 2.5 to 3.5 kg in maximum cases (88%) followed by <2.5 kg (10.3%) respectively. Majority did not have any complication at birth (87%). Exclusive breast feeding was reported by majority (81%).Conclusions: Community needs to be appraised regarding performance and important positive achievement of MCH services in relation to health status of mother and neonate in their respective areas through community participation and will make the community more respective towards availing of accredited social health activist (ASHA) services. Proper provisioning of auxiliary nurse midwiferys, ASHAs and lady health workers would facilitate improvements in rural areas.

scholarly journals Utilization of Rajiv Aarogyasri Health Scheme by rural policyholders of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3384
Author(s):  
Manjuram Mannuru
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
One Year

Background: Rajiv Aarogyasri has covered 86.53% of the families across the state. Majority of its people are living in rural areas. Hence, our study will explore gaps in accessibility of urban centric health services by rural policyholder’s under the scheme. To find out the current status of Aarogyasri coverage, awareness, utilization and experiences of rural policyholders in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh during the year 2014-15.Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study and a total of 200 households were surveyed by using multi-stage random sampling technique to obtain primary data, and for background & discussion secondary data was reviewed. SPSS software was used for data analysisResults: In the past one year, 6.77% of the families have received benefits under the scheme. Amongst the ones who have utilized RAS services, 2/3rd of the families were protected from catastrophic illnesses and the mean average of 91.70% of the total costs was covered by RAS. Another 19.21% of the families were in need of healthcare but did not utilize the services due to lack of RAS card, lack of awareness, non-listed therapies, procedural difficulty, non-availability of caretaker, loss of wage and low quality of services.Conclusions: Overall, 66.66% of the beneficiaries expressed their satisfaction, 16.66% opinionated fair while 16.66% were dissatisfied with the RAS services. Beneficiaries experienced shortage of supportive services in Government hospitals under the scheme. Further, IEC activities, alternatives for excluded conditions, strengthening of public facilities will improve the utilization of RAS and reduce the OOPE.

scholarly journals A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding care of low birth weight babies among mothers in selected rural areas of Rajkot, Gujarat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binu Joe ◽  
Anu Joykutty
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

A quasi experimental study with pre test, post test without control group design was undertaken on 60 mothers selected by purposive sampling technique to assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on home management of low birth weight baby among mothers using closed ended questionnaire. Result reveals that more or less similar percentage 47% was in the age group of 21-25 and 46% in the age group of 26-30 years. The overall mean knowledge on practice score in pre test was 13.34±3.25 whereas it was 24.18±3.09 in post test revealing 31.89% enhancement of knowledge scores.

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