Affective disorders and functional (non-epileptic) seizures in persons with epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A Johnson ◽  
Matthew D Macfarlane ◽  
Jeffrey CL Looi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Interactions

Objective: This paper aims to describe the prevalence, assessment and management of affective disorders as well as functional (non-epileptic) seizures in people with epilepsy. Method: This paper comprises a selective review of the literature of the common affective manifestations of epilepsy. Results: Affective disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidity seen in people with epilepsy and assessment and management parallels that of the general population. Additionally, people with epilepsy may experience higher rates of mood instability, irritability and euphoria, classified together as a group, interictal dysphoric disorder and resembling an unstable bipolar Type II disorder. Functional seizures present unique challenges in terms of identification of the disorder and a lack of specific management. Conclusions: Given their high prevalence, it is important to be able to recognise affective disorders in people with epilepsy. Management principles parallel those in the general population with specific caution exercised regarding the potential interactions between antidepressant medications and antiepileptic drugs. Functional seizures are more complex and require a coordinated approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners, nursing and allied health. There is very limited evidence to guide psychological and behavioural interventions for neurotic disorders in epilepsy and much more research is needed.

scholarly journals The Cross Talk between Underlying Mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy May Provide New Insights for More Efficient Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Atefeh Rayatpour ◽  
Sahar Farhangi ◽  
Ester Verdaguer ◽  
Jordi Olloquequi ◽  
Jesus Ureña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Despite the significant differences in pathological background of neurodegenerative diseases, epileptic seizures are a comorbidity in many disorders such as Huntington disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Regarding the last one, specifically, it has been shown that the risk of developing epilepsy is three to six times higher in patients with MS compared to the general population. In this context, understanding the pathological processes underlying this connection will allow for the targeting of the common and shared pathological pathways involved in both conditions, which may provide a new avenue in the management of neurological disorders. This review provides an outlook of what is known so far about the bidirectional association between epilepsy and MS.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Fibromyalgia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arroita ◽  
A. Barreiro ◽  
K. Ugarte ◽  
N. Losada ◽  
P. Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Introduction:Fibromyalgia is an entity that affects approximately 2% of the population, mainly women.According to many studies, approximately half of women with fibromyalgia have a history of traumatic events during childhood or adulthood.Affective disorders before and after fibromyalgia diagnosis are particularly frequent.Materials and methods:Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on psychiatric comorbidity in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia published over the last three years.Results:40-60% of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia report sexual abuse during childhood or adulthood; A higher percentage of women (over 70%) report other kinds of physical or emotional trauma.Fibromyalgia has been linked to mood disorders in 50-70% of patients. More precisely, it appears in combination with major depression in 20% of cases. To a lesser but still noteworthy extent, women with fibromyalgia are also diagnosed with dysthymia, anxiety disorders, phobias or panic disorders.Conclusion:Despite the common characteristics of these patients there is no such thing as a “fibromyalgic personality”.As for comorbidity, mood disorders are highly prevalent, more specifically depression, even though no direct relationship has been established between them. Fibromyalgia symptoms are more acute in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Premature STEMI in Men and Women: Current Clinical Features and Improvements in Management and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lorca ◽  
Isaac Pascual ◽  
Andrea Aparicio ◽  
Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽  
Rut Alvarez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Etiopathogenic and prognostic characteristics in young patients may differ from older patients and young women may present worse outcomes than men. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men and women with premature STEMI. Methods: A total 1404 consecutive patients were referred to our institution for emergency cardiac catheterization due to STEMI suspicion (1 January 2014–31 December 2018). Patients with confirmed premature (<55 years old in men and <60 in women) STEMI (366 patients, 83% men and 17% women) were included (359 atherothrombotic and 7 spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)). Results: Premature STEMI patients had a high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years (±1.75 SD). Mortality rates, re-hospitalization, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between sexes. More than 10% of women with premature STEMI suffered SCAD. There were no significant differences between sexes, neither among cholesterol levels nor in hypolipemiant therapy. The global survival rates were similar to that expected in the general population of the same sex and age in our region with a significantly higher excess of mortality at 6 years among men compared with the general population. Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a high prevalence of SCAD among young women, and a generally good prognosis after standardized treatment. During follow-up, 23% suffered a major cardiovascular event (MACE), without significant differences between sexes and observed survival at 1, 3, and 6 years of follow-up was 96.57% (95% CI 94.04–98.04), 95.64% (95% CI 92.87–97.35), and 94.5% (95% CI 91.12–97.66). An extra effort to prevent/delay STEMI should be invested focusing on smoking avoidance and optimal hypolipemiant treatment both in primary and secondary prevention.

A High Prevalence of Affective Disorder Discovered in a ‘Schizophrenia Clinic’

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton S. Rapp ◽  
Peggy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis

Fifty outpatients in a ‘schizophrenia clinic’ were examined, and sixteen were found to be suffering from periodic affective disorders. Nine of these were given lithium carbonate, and eight responded well. Case histories illustrate three separate reasons for incorrect diagnosis. Examination of extensive old clinical notes of five of these patients suggests that the problems of diagnosis which have been described in the literature in the past, continue to represent obstacles to correct diagnosis. Suggestions for improvement are offered.

Pharmacological treatment strategies in mood, panic and obsessive compulsive disorders

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
W.M.A. Verhoeven ◽  
S. Tuinier ◽  
J.B.G.M. Noten
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Isozyme System

SummarySince the introduction of the monoamine oxydase inhibitors and the first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine in the late fifties, the treatment of depressive disorders has been changed dramatically. Althought a great variety of antidepressants such as TCA's, selective serotoninte-re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI's) mianserin, trazodone, mirtazapine, moclobemide and venlafaxine has become available, the exact mode of action is not revealed as yet, and classification should be done according to the interference of antidepressants with central monoaminergic processes.As to the potential of causing interactions, special attention has to be given to the SSRI's because of their interference with the CYP450 isozyme system. Therapeutic monotoring is recommended for the TCA's. The choiseforan antidepressant should be based on various factors like symptomatology and severity of the depression, potential interactions and somatic and/or psychiatric comorbidity.Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that TCA's are the most effective for major depression with melancholia (vital depression) and depressive disorders in the elderly.

Psychiatric comorbidity and traumatic brain injury attribution in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic or epileptic seizures: A multicenter study of US veterans

Epilepsia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Salinsky ◽  
Paul Rutecki ◽  
Karen Parko ◽  
Elizabeth Goy ◽  
Daniel Storzbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Us Veterans

scholarly journals Prevention and Management of Perinatal Major Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Che Yon Park ◽  
Hyunjin Cho
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Seasonal Flu

Perinatal infection is the leading cause of fetal and neonatal mortality and is directly related to childhood morbidity. Perinatal infections cause abnormal growth, delayed development, and many other clinical problems in newborns. In particular, TORCH syndrome can cause serious fetal and neonatal health problems through vertical infection, and timely diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal examinations are important. There are no therapeutic options or vaccines for parvovirus or cytomegalovirus. Therefore, prevention is the most important method. In the case of toxoplasmosis, prenatal education is important because it can be prevented through hygiene management, although there are therapeutic drugs. Syphilis has a high prevalence, so early diagnosis is important. Rubella and varicella zoster infections can lead to fatal results in vertical transmission to the fetus. Therefore, preconception vaccination should be performed. Women with herpes simplex, which has a high prevalence in the community, need to be mindful when choosing a childbirth method by evaluating the infection through regular prenatal care to prevent vertical infection. Seasonal flu is rarely transmitted vertically to the fetus, but the morbidity and mortality risk to the mother is higher than that of the general population. Thus, prevention through vaccination is important. Lastly, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has yet to be well studied, although the mother's morbidity and mortality are similar to those of the general population and there is no evidence of vertical infection. Since the findings of the effects on the mother and fetus are limited, transmission should be prevented through social distancing and personal hygiene practices.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Study Analyzing the different Indications of Hysteroscopy in General Population and the Complication Rate: An Experience of 11 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Rahul Manchanda ◽  
Soma Ghoshal ◽  
BC Manjula
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Uterine Perforation ◽  
Common Indication ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Study objectives An assessment of the common indications for hysteroscopy (either diagnostic or therapeutic), in multiple hospitals especially in the North Indian region, over the period of past 11 years. To do an analysis of the common intraoperative diagnosis and the different types of surgeries performed therefore. To estimate the incidence of complications in the same patient population over the same time period and describe their nature. Data collection Records were collected from twelve hospitals spread mainly over North Indian region, pertaining to all those patients who underwent hysteroscopy during the period from July 2003 to October 2014. Total cases analyzed was 1834. Design Retrospective analytic study. Patients All those patients who underwent hysteroscopy of all ages referring to the above mentioned hospitals during the period from July 2003 to October 2014. Results Of the 1834 hysteroscopic procedures, 588 (32.06%) were diagnostic hysteroscopies and 1246 (67.93%) were therapeutic hysteroscopies. The most common indication for hysteroscopy was abnormal uterine bleeding (28.14%) closely followed by the second most common indication, which was for infertility check-up (26.67%). The most common hysteroscopic intervention was endometrial biopsy. The second most common intervention and the most common therapeutic hysteroscopic procedure was polypectomy; and the third most common Hysteroscopic procedure was intrauterine adhesiolysis. The main complication as found in our present study was found to be uterine perforation (0.21%), followed by false passage. Air embolism also occurred in one patient. How to cite this article Ghoshal S, Manchanda R, Manjula BC. A Multicenter Study Analyzing the different Indications of Hysteroscopy in General Population and the Complication Rate: An Experience of 11 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):37-43.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Illnesses Presumably Caused by A SARS-CoV-2 Infection in The General Population During The Lockdown Period: A Multi-Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Carrat ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
Florence Jusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.Methods Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was possible COVID-19, defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors.Results Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of possible COVID-19 were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of possible COVID-19 were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of possible COVID-19 was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of possible COVID-19 in the general population remained high during the first two weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.

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