scholarly journals Streptococclcs Suis Infection in Swine: A Retrospective Study of 256 Cases. Part II. Clinical Signs, Gross and Microscopic Lesions, and Coexisting Microorganisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Y. Reams ◽  
Lawrence T. Glickman ◽  
Daniel D. Harrington ◽  
H. Leon Thacker ◽  
Terry L. Bowersock
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions

A retrospective study of 256 cases of naturally acquired Streptococcus suis infections in swine submitted to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from 1985 to 1989 was undertaken to describe the clinical signs, lesions, and coexisting organisms associated with S. suis serotypes 1–8 and 1/2. Infected pigs generally had clinical signs and gross lesions referable to either the respiratory system or to the central nervous system (CNS), but not both. Neurologic signs were inversely related to gross lesions in the respiratory tract ( R2 = −0.19, P = 0.003), as were respiratory signs and gross lesions in the CNS ( R2 = −0.19, P = 0.003). Suppurative bronchopneumonia was the most common gross lesion observed (55.2%, overall). Fibrinous and/or suppurative pleuritis, epicarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and polyserositis were also reported. In 68% of the pigs, other bacteria in addition to S. suis were isolated. Escherichia coli (35.0%) and Pasteurella multocida (30.0%) were the most commonly recovered bacterial agents. Mycoplasma and viral agents were identified less often, and their role in the development of streptococcosis was difficult to assess. In pigs infected with serotypes 2–5, 7, 8, and 1/2, suppurative meningitis with suppurative or nonsuppurative encephalitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, fibrinopurulent epicarditis, multifocal myocarditis, and cardiac vasculitis were the most common microscopic lesions observed, whereas pigs infected with serotype 1 generally presented with suppurative meningitis and interstitial pneumonia. Microscopic lesions were morphologically similar among serotypes and were also similar to those reported with other pyogenic bacteria. The distribution of clinical signs and the gross and microscopic lesions in pigs infected with S. suis varied among serotypes. However, these differences were not statistically significant and could not be used to distinguish between the various serotypes. These findings suggest that in pigs infected with S. suis, suppurative or fibrinopurulent inflammation in brain, heart, lungs, and serosae predominates and that bacterial culture is needed to confirm a diagnosis of streptococcosis in swine and to differentiate this disease from those caused by other pyogenic bacteria.

Pathology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in two model avian hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Barbora Fecková ◽  
Priyanka Djoehana ◽  
Barbora Putnová ◽  
Michaela Valašťanová ◽  
Michaela Petríková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Natural Pest Control

Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes severe neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including several avian species. A laboratory isolate of A. cantonensis originating from French Polynesia, genotyped as clade 2, was used to assess the effect of experimental infection in chicken and Japanese quail. Low dose groups of birds were infected orally by 100 L3 larvae, high dose groups by 1500 L3 larvae and the birds in the third group were fed three infected snails, mimicking a natural infection. Clinical signs during the first week after infection, haematology, biochemistry, gross lesions and histology findings were used to assess the pathology of the infection. Some of the infected birds showed peripheral eosinophilia, while mild neurological signs were seen in others. No larvae were observed in serial sections of the central nervous system of infected birds 1 week after infection and no major gross lesions were observed during necropsy; histopathology did not reveal lesions directly attributable to A. cantonensis infection. Our results suggest that galliform birds are not highly susceptible to A. cantonensis infection and open a question of the importance of Galliformes in endemic areas as natural pest control, lowering the number of hosts carrying the infective larvae.

scholarly journals Spontaneous poisoning by Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) in horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele M. Bassuino ◽  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Matheus V. Bianchi ◽  
Matheus O. Reis ◽  
Saulo P. Pavarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Con A ◽  
Indolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Gross Lesions

ABSTRACT: Sida carpinifolia poisoning causes a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with lysosomal storage by indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine). The epidemiological, clinical, pathological and lectin histochemistry findings of an outbreak of natural poisoning by S. carpinifolia in horses in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, are described. Five horses from a total of 15 that were kept on native pasture with large amounts of S. carpinifolia presented during 90 days clinical signs of progressive weight loss, incoordination, stiff gait and ramble, in addition to exacerbated reactions and locomotion difficulty after induced movement. Four horses died, and one of them was submitted for necropsy. At necropsy, no significant gross lesions were observed. Histological findings observed in the central nervous system were characterized by swollen neurons with cytoplasm containing multiple microvacuoles; these abnormalities were more severe in the thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons. Using lectin histochemistry, the pons and hippocampus sections stained positive for commercial lectin Con-A, sWGA and WGA. This study aimed to detail S. carpinifolia poisoning in horses to be included in the differential diagnoses of neurological diseases of horses.

scholarly journals Microdilution Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Selected Gram-Negative Veterinary Bacterial Isolates

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Burrows ◽  
R. J. Morton ◽  
W. H. Fales
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Pasteurella Haemolytica ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Different Tissues

Gram-negative bacterial isolates (63 5) obtained from routine submissions to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during 1983–1987 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the following antimicrobials using commercially prepared microdilution assay materials: ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G, spectinomycin, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, and tylosin. Results for isolates from cattle, dogs, horses, and pigs are presented. In only a few instances were differences in MICs apparent among bacterial isolates from different tissues. Aminocyclitol MICs for equine uterine isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae differed from MICs for isolates from other tissues, and ampicillin, kanamycin, and spectinomycin MICs for bovine fecal isolates of Escherichia coli differed from MICs for isolates obtained from other tissues. In several instances, bimodal distribution of susceptibilities was apparent for ampicillin, kanamycin, and/or oxytetracycline. There was also a bimodal distribution pattern for erythromycin against Pasteurella haemolytica of bovine origin.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Juin Jia Sim ◽  
Seng Fong Lau ◽  
Sharina Omar ◽  
Malaika Watanabe ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Radiographic Features

This retrospective study aimed to determine the etiological, clinicopathological, and radiographic features and outcome of feline pyothorax cases. Medical records from twenty-eight cats with pyothorax aged from 4 months to 10 years (median 10 months) diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Dyspnoea (75.0%), abnormal lung sounds (75.0%) and open-mouth breathing (64.3%) were the predominant respiratory signs. Leucocytosis (61.5%), particularly monocytosis (68.0%), and hyperglobulinaemia (65.4%) were among the most prominent findings in blood analysis. Bilateral pleural effusion was found in 67.9% of the thoracic radiographs. A total of 47.4% of the cytological samples revealed the presence of bacteria, while all had positive bacterial growth. Pasteurella multocida, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were the predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from pleural effusion samples. A chest tube was placed in 64.3% of the cats and 66.7% of cats with chest tubes survived. In total, 46.4% of cats with pyothorax recovered. Amoxicillin–clavulanate was the antimicrobial of choice against aerobic bacteria found in this study and should be given in combination with antimicrobials that cover anaerobic bacteria. Chest tube placement is crucial for treatment success. Cytological results and bacterial culture may not be consistent; thus, bacterial culture should be performed for every case.

scholarly journals RYEGRASS STAGGERS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND AETIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

1983 ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
P.H. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Biochemical Lesion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This paper briefly introduces animal disease aspects of ryegrass staggers IFiGS) and describes the occurence and the clinical signs of the disease. Recent suggestions for the production of a reversible biochemical lesion in the central nervous system are mentioned in relation to the apparent lack of specific morphological lesions found in sheep. The recent isolation of novel potent neurotoxins, the lolitrems, from toxic pasture material is reviewed. There is now strong circumstantial evidence that the lolitrems produce the neurotoxic disease of RGS and also that the lolitrems are elaborated in the close association of perennial ryegrass with its parasitic fungus, Lolium endophyte, in pastures. Under what conditions the lolitrems are produced, or their precise locus within the association, are not yet known.

scholarly journals Oral trichomoniasis in raptors in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 983-988
Author(s):  
Joanna V.Z. Echenique ◽  
Mauro P. Soares ◽  
Mirian Bruni ◽  
Nara Amélia Farias ◽  
Valéria D. Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Trichomonas Gallinae ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Columbia Livia ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study of oral trichomoniasis cases in raptors was carried out at “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of “Faculdade de Veterinária” of “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) from December 2014 to August 2017. Seven necropsy reports were reviewed. All raptors including Falconiformes and Strigiformes orders were from periurban zones. Four birds were adults, and there was no apparent sex predisposition. Clinical signs included dysphagia, regurgitation, and anorexia. Gross lesions were characterized by multifocal yellow to coalescent caseous nodules adhered to the oral cavity, which extended to the entrance of the esophagus. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by severe focally extensive heterophilic granulomatous stomatitis. Trichomonas gallinae was isolated in modified Diamond medium of all samples collected from birds. It is believed the transmission occurred by the predation of domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica) contaminated with T. gallinae that agglomerate in patios of grain processing complexes.

scholarly journals Chronic copper toxicosis in a crossbred heifer calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Wong ◽  
Christina R. Wilson-Frank ◽  
Stephen B. Hooser ◽  
Grant N. Burcham
Keyword(s):  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Copper Toxicosis ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Heifer Calf ◽  
Feed Samples

An 8-mo-old, crossbred, heifer calf was presented to the Heeke Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory with a history of ataxia and altered mentation. Grossly, the liver was diffusely yellow-orange, turgid, and exuded watery, thin blood on cut section. The cortex and medulla in both kidneys were diffusely and markedly dark brown to black. The urinary bladder was filled with dark red urine. Histologically, centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration was observed, but these sections lacked necrosis. In the kidney, numerous cortical tubules contained intraluminal bright eosinophilic fluid and red-orange granular casts that stained positive for hemoglobin with the Dunn–Thompson method. The gross and histologic lesions supported a high level of suspicion for copper toxicosis. Feed and water samples from the farm were submitted for mineral analysis. The copper concentration in the feed was 118 mg/kg, and the molybdenum concentration was 0.9 mg/kg. Chronic copper toxicosis is rarely reported in cattle. The gross lesions in our case are a departure from, although similar to, previously reported cases, including lack of histologic hepatocellular necrosis. Collectively, gross and histologic lesions were compatible with copper toxicosis in this calf, and copper concentrations in the feed samples suggest a feed-mixing error.

scholarly journals Wobbly syndrome in an Africa pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris): neuropathological and immunohistochemical studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Batelli de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Vilardo Lóes Moreira ◽  
Willian Henrique de Magalhães Santos ◽  
Líslie Caroline Oliveira Stuart ◽  
Maria Dolors Pi Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Myelin Proteolipid

ABSTRACT: A three-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), born and domiciled in Brazil, presented apathy, prostration, and difficulty to stay standing. Its parents were siblings but did not present clinical signs related to this condition. As its clinical condition worsened, the animal was euthanized and referred for necropsy. No gross lesions were found in the central nervous system (CNS). Histologically, there was vacuolation with axonal degeneration in the white matter of the CNS and in peripheral nervous tissue. The Kluver-Barrera (KB) stain confirmed demyelination in vacuolated areas. Immunohistochemistry using several neural markers confirmed astrocytosis and microgliosis associated with vacuolated areas. In addition, there was a mild decrease in the immuno intensity of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) in these areas. These results suggest a genetic origin of the present demyelination, which resulted in the wobbly syndrome described in this report.

scholarly journals Pasteurellosis Outbreak Due to Pasteurella multocida Type A in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Santiani ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Claiton Ismael Schwetz ◽  
Marina Paula Lorenzett ◽  
João Xavier Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Nasal Sinus

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, the respiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses and sepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports of pasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits and three breeders died.  Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration, sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurred up to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic, immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinous exudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions. In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. The nasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observed in the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder was distended by cloudy urine and moderate amount of purulent exudate (rabbits 1 and 2). Histopathological evaluation revealed diffuse marked fibrinosuppurative pleuritis associated with severe multifocal suppurative bronchopneumonia (rabbits 1 and 2), as well as multifocal marked mastitis (rabbit 1), nephritis and myocarditis (rabbit 2). Also, intralesional bacterial aggregates and thrombosis were observed in both cases.  Pasteurella multocida type A was isolated through bacterial culture, and antibiogram showed sensitivity to all tested antibiotics. Immunohistochemistry showed mild multifocal positive staining for P. multocida in the visceral pleura in both cases.Discussion: In the present case, P. multocida type A led to suppurative bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses and fibrinosuppurative pleuritis in both rabbits. In addition, abscesses affecting the kidneys, heart and mammary glands were observed. These findings are typically seen in this condition in rabbits, and similar lesions may be noted in pigs. It is believed that nutritional, climatic and hierarchical changes may predispose to the development of the disease. In the present outbreak, the disease may have initially affected fattening rabbits, which are more exposed to stressful events, and then bacterial spread to breeders sharing the same facility may have occurred. Furthermore, contributing factors include concomitant bacterial infections, and the level of virulence of the bacterial strain involved in the outbreak. In the present study, the diagnosis of pasteurellosis in rabbits was based on the epidemiological, gross, histopathological, bacterial and immunohistochemical findings. It is believed that the present report will improve the understanding of the disease in rabbits in Brazil, since rare descriptions of the condition are currently available nationwide. 

scholarly journals Escherichia coli-induced granulomatous colitis in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691983653
Author(s):  
Isao Matsumoto ◽  
Ko Nakashima ◽  
Hajime Morita ◽  
Koichi Kasahara ◽  
Osamu Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Granulomatous Colitis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
History Of

Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of diarrhoea that responded poorly to medical treatment. Ultrasonography revealed moderate thickening of the colonic wall (4.8 mm) and right colic and jejunal lymphadenomegalies. Endoscopic examination revealed partial circumferential narrowing of the transverse colon and friable colonic mucosa with multiple haemorrhagic regions. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a large number of Escherichia coli phagocytosed by periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Bacterial culture also yielded enrofloxacin-sensitive E coli. The cat was initially treated with prednisolone, which resulted in little improvement. Following histopathological examination and bacterial culture, treatment with enrofloxacin was commenced. Antibacterial therapy resulted in remission of the diarrhoea and an increase in body weight within 14 days. Relevance and novel information Granulomatous colitis (GC) or histiocytic ulcerative colitis has been rarely described in cats. There has only been one previously published case study involving a cat, and the aetiology remains largely unknown. The current article describes the regression of E coli-related GC following antibacterial treatment in a cat. Clinical signs, histopathological appearance and response to enrofloxacin were similar to those in canine GC. The current findings suggest that E coli also plays an important role in the development of feline GC.

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