scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on Bacteriology, Clinicopathologic and Radiographic Features in 28 Cats Diagnosed with Pyothorax

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Juin Jia Sim ◽  
Seng Fong Lau ◽  
Sharina Omar ◽  
Malaika Watanabe ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Radiographic Features

This retrospective study aimed to determine the etiological, clinicopathological, and radiographic features and outcome of feline pyothorax cases. Medical records from twenty-eight cats with pyothorax aged from 4 months to 10 years (median 10 months) diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Dyspnoea (75.0%), abnormal lung sounds (75.0%) and open-mouth breathing (64.3%) were the predominant respiratory signs. Leucocytosis (61.5%), particularly monocytosis (68.0%), and hyperglobulinaemia (65.4%) were among the most prominent findings in blood analysis. Bilateral pleural effusion was found in 67.9% of the thoracic radiographs. A total of 47.4% of the cytological samples revealed the presence of bacteria, while all had positive bacterial growth. Pasteurella multocida, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were the predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from pleural effusion samples. A chest tube was placed in 64.3% of the cats and 66.7% of cats with chest tubes survived. In total, 46.4% of cats with pyothorax recovered. Amoxicillin–clavulanate was the antimicrobial of choice against aerobic bacteria found in this study and should be given in combination with antimicrobials that cover anaerobic bacteria. Chest tube placement is crucial for treatment success. Cytological results and bacterial culture may not be consistent; thus, bacterial culture should be performed for every case.

scholarly journals Chest Tube Drainage Under Radiological Guidance for Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax in a Tertiary Care University Teaching Hospital: Review of 51 Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luce Cantin ◽  
Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre ◽  
Luigi Lepanto ◽  
David Gianfelice ◽  
Antoine Rabbat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chest Tube Drainage ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Pigtail Catheter ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tube Drainage

BACKGROUND: Chest tube drainage under radiological guidance has been used with increasing frequency as a treatment option for pleural effusions and pneumothoraxes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and usefulness of pleural drainage under radiological guidance for pleural effusion and pneumothorax in a tertiary care university teaching hospital.METHODS: A retrospective study of cases of chest tube placement under radiological guidance over a 12-month period in a university hospital.RESULTS: Fifty-one percutaneous pigtail catheter drainage cases were reviewed (30 patients). Forty-six (90%) chest tubes were inserted as a first-line treatment. The overall success rate of radiological drainage was 88%. Specific success rates were 92%, 85% and 91% for loculated pleural effusion, pneumothorax and empyema, respectively. The complications were few and minor.CONCLUSIONS: Pigtail catheter insertion under radiological guidance is a useful procedure for the treatment of sterile pleural effusion, empyema and pneumothorax. This technique can be used as a first-line procedure in the majority of cases.

Neonatal Cardiac Tamponade and Pleural Effusion Resolved with Chest Tube Placement

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Alabsi
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Chest Tube Placement ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Venous Catheterization

Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade secondary to umbilical venous catheterization are rare complications but potentially fatal. This article reports a case of cardiac tamponade and right pleural effusion secondary to transudation of hyperosmolar fluid from an appropriately placed umbilical venous catheter. The infant survived as a result of early diagnosis by echocardiography and urgent chest tube placement that drained both pleural and pericardial effusions. Cardiac tamponade should be highly suspected in any neonate with a central venous catheter who develops sudden, unexplained clinical deterioration in cardiopulmonary status even when the line is properly placed, and urgent echocardiography or pericardiocentesis should be considered early in management of such patients. Umbilical venous catheterization should be considered only for a select group of sick neonates due to risks involved with these lines. When an umbilical venous catheter is placed, special precautions should be taken and maintenance guidelines followed.

scholarly journals Streptococclcs Suis Infection in Swine: A Retrospective Study of 256 Cases. Part II. Clinical Signs, Gross and Microscopic Lesions, and Coexisting Microorganisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Y. Reams ◽  
Lawrence T. Glickman ◽  
Daniel D. Harrington ◽  
H. Leon Thacker ◽  
Terry L. Bowersock
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions

A retrospective study of 256 cases of naturally acquired Streptococcus suis infections in swine submitted to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from 1985 to 1989 was undertaken to describe the clinical signs, lesions, and coexisting organisms associated with S. suis serotypes 1–8 and 1/2. Infected pigs generally had clinical signs and gross lesions referable to either the respiratory system or to the central nervous system (CNS), but not both. Neurologic signs were inversely related to gross lesions in the respiratory tract ( R2 = −0.19, P = 0.003), as were respiratory signs and gross lesions in the CNS ( R2 = −0.19, P = 0.003). Suppurative bronchopneumonia was the most common gross lesion observed (55.2%, overall). Fibrinous and/or suppurative pleuritis, epicarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and polyserositis were also reported. In 68% of the pigs, other bacteria in addition to S. suis were isolated. Escherichia coli (35.0%) and Pasteurella multocida (30.0%) were the most commonly recovered bacterial agents. Mycoplasma and viral agents were identified less often, and their role in the development of streptococcosis was difficult to assess. In pigs infected with serotypes 2–5, 7, 8, and 1/2, suppurative meningitis with suppurative or nonsuppurative encephalitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, fibrinopurulent epicarditis, multifocal myocarditis, and cardiac vasculitis were the most common microscopic lesions observed, whereas pigs infected with serotype 1 generally presented with suppurative meningitis and interstitial pneumonia. Microscopic lesions were morphologically similar among serotypes and were also similar to those reported with other pyogenic bacteria. The distribution of clinical signs and the gross and microscopic lesions in pigs infected with S. suis varied among serotypes. However, these differences were not statistically significant and could not be used to distinguish between the various serotypes. These findings suggest that in pigs infected with S. suis, suppurative or fibrinopurulent inflammation in brain, heart, lungs, and serosae predominates and that bacterial culture is needed to confirm a diagnosis of streptococcosis in swine and to differentiate this disease from those caused by other pyogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Severe Pulmonary Infection in a 20-Month-Old Female

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mann ◽  
Paul Zeller ◽  
Kristen Carrillo-Kappus ◽  
Melissa Victor ◽  
Mary Moore
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Left Pleural Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a common reason for hospitalization of a pediatric patient. We report a 20-month-old female admitted for suspected CAP. History included a week-long cough, fever, dyspnea, single occurrence of seizure-like activity, and a sick contact. Initial chest X-ray (CXR) showed left lower lobe pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion with a complex left pleural effusion. Ultrasound findings prompted the need for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest confirmed a large pleural effusion with major atelectasis and mediastinal shift. The patient was treated with empiric antibiotics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) decortication of empyema, and chest tube placement. Due to intraoperative complications, the VATS decortication was aborted and patient was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A thoracentesis with culture failed to isolate a bacterial organism. Dexamethasone was started after repeat CXR showed persistent infiltrate. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT of the chest showed a large collection of air and persistent consolidation. The patient received repeat VATS decortication and reinsertion of a chest tube. Repeat pleural fluid cultures failed to isolate a bacterial organism. Infectious disease (ID) consult recommended linezolid 140 mg Q8H for 4 weeks. Seven days after second VATS, a respiratory pathogen panel was positive for rhinovirus/enterovirus. With resolution of leukocytosis and clinical improvement, the patient was discharged with the chest tube in place and pediatric surgery outpatient follow-up. After three months, sequalae from both the infection and interventions presented .

Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion, and Chest Tube Placement after Radiofrequency Ablation of Lung Tumors: Incidence and Risk Factors

Radiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Hiraki ◽  
Nobuhisa Tajiri ◽  
Hidefumi Mimura ◽  
Kotaro Yasui ◽  
Hideo Gobara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Chest Tube Placement

scholarly journals Optimal Initial Positioning of Chest Tubes to Prevent Retained Hemothorax Using a Novel Steerable Chest Tube With Extendable Infusion Cannula

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
John B Fortune ◽  
Serena Murphy ◽  
Kimberley Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Chest Tube ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
Tip Position

ABSTRACT Introduction With blunt and penetrating trauma to the chest, warfighters and civilians frequently suffer from punctured lung (pneumothorax) and/or bleeding into the pleural space (hemothorax). Optimal management of this condition requires the rapid placement of a chest tube to evacuate as much of the blood and air as possible. Incomplete drainage of blood leading to retained hemothorax may be the result of the final tube tip position not being in contact with the blood collections. To address this problem, we sought to develop a “steerable” chest tube that could be accurately placed or repositioned into a specific desired position in the pleural space to assure optimal drainage. An integrated infusion cannula was added for the instillation of anticoagulants to maintain tube patency, thrombolytics for clot lysis, and analgesics for pain control if required. Materials and Methods A triple-lumen tube was designed to provide a channel for a pull-wire which was wound around an axle integrated into a small proximal handle and controlled by a ratcheted thumbwheel. Tension on the wire creates an arc on the tube that allows for positioning. In vitro testing focused on the relationship between the tension on the pull-wire and the resultant arc. Two adult cadavers and two anesthetized pigs were used to study the feasibility of accurate tube placement. After a brief training session, providers were asked to place tubes inferiorly along the diaphragm where blood was anticipated to accumulate or at the apex of the lung for pneumothorax. Success was determined with fluoroscopic images and was judged as a tube tip lying in the targeted position. Results The design was prototyped with an extruded polyvinyl chloride multilumen tube and a 3D printed tensioning handle. In vitro studies showed that one turn of the thumbwheel created 70° to 90° of arc of the tube. Cadaver and animal studies showed consistent success in the desired placement of the tube at or near the lateral diaphragm or in the apex. Attempts were also successful by surgical residents with minimal training. Conclusions Initial preliminary studies on a novel steerable chest tube have demonstrated the ability to appropriately position the tube in a desired location. The addition of an extendable cannula will allow for safe clot lysis or maintained tube patency. Additional studies are planned to confirm the benefit of this device in preventing retained hemothorax.

scholarly journals Comparison of non-intubated and intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries of major pulmonary resections for lung cancer—a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Xue ◽  
Guochen Duan ◽  
Xiaopeng Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Qingtao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Postoperative Complication Rate ◽  
Chest Tube Placement ◽  
Video Assisted

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the safety feasibility and safety feasibility of non-intubated (NIVATS) and intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (IVATS) during major pulmonary resections. Methods A meta-analysis of eight studies was conducted to compare the real effects of two lobectomy or segmentectomy approaches during major pulmonary resections. Results Results showed that the patients using NIVATS had a greatly shorter hospital stay and chest-tube placement time (weighted mean difference (WMD): − 1.04 days; 95% CI − 1.50 to − 0.58; P < 0.01) WMD − 0.71 days; 95% confidence interval (CI), − 1.08 to − 0.34; P < 0.01, respectively) while compared to those with IVATS. There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rate, surgical duration, and the number of dissected lymph nodes. However, through the analysis of highly selected patients with lung cancer in early stage, the rate of postoperative complication in the NIVATS group was lower than that in the IVATS group [odds ratio (OR) 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.92; P = 0.03, I2 = 0%]. Conclusions Although the comparable postoperative complication rate was observed for major thoracic surgery in two surgical procedures, the NIVATS method could significantly shorten the hospitalized stay and chest-tube placement time compared with IVATS. Therefore, for highly selected patients, NIVATS is regarded as a safe and technically feasible procedure for major thoracic surgery. The assessment of the safety and feasibility for patients undergoing NIVATS needs further multi-center prospective clinical trials.

FEATURES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE, ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE WITH PNEUMONIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
С. А. Рукавишникова ◽  
Т. А. Ахмедов ◽  
А.С. Пушкин ◽  
У.Р. Сагинбаев ◽  
Д.П. Пискунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Hematological Indicators

Пневмония занимает лидирующие позиции по смертности среди всех инфекционных заболеваний. Установлено, что к достоверной группе риска по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологической формы относятся лица старше 60 лет, причем с возрастом тяжесть протекания заболевания только возрастает. Согласно литературным данным, одной из причин снижения адаптационных возможностей лиц пожилого возраста является феномен «возрастного десинхроноза», проявляющийся значительными колебаниями параметров внутренней среды организма. Цель работы - сравнительный анализ коэффициентов внутри-и межиндивидуальной биологической вариации. Для этого проведено ретроспективное исследование клинического анализа крови у пациентов, страдающих пневмонией неуточненной этиологии, в разрезе трех возрастных групп - средней, пожилой и старческой. Обнаружены особенности биологической вариации в зависимости от возраста, выявленные отличия были обоснованы в соответствии с имеющимися теориями. Pneumonia is the leading mortality rate among all infectious diseases. It has been established that the reliable risk group for morbidity and mortality from this nosology includes persons over 60 years of age, and with age the severity of the disease only increases. According to literary data, one of the reasons for the decline in adaptation capabilities of older persons is the phenomenon of «age desinhronosis», which manifests itself in significant fluctuations in the parameters of the internal environment of the body. The purpose of this work was to compare the coefficients of intra- and interindividual biological variation. For this purpose, a retrospective study of clinical blood analysis in patients suffering from pneumonia of unspecified etiology was carried out in terms of three age groups: medium, elderly and senile. Features of biological variation depending on age have been found, the differences identified have been justified according to available theories.

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