scholarly journals An E-shape broadband piezoelectric energy harvester induced by magnets

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lu ◽  
Fabrizio Scarpa ◽  
Liwu Liu ◽  
Jinsong Leng ◽  
Yanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Tip Mass

We describe in this work a broadband magnetic E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester with wide frequency bandwidth. We develop first a nonlinear electromechanical model of the harvester based on the Hamilton variation principle that simulates the effect of the nonlinear magnetic restoring force at different spacing distances. The model is used to identify the distances existing between two different magnets that enable the system to perform with a specific nonlinearity. The performance of the E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester is also investigated through experiments, with E-shape energy harvesters at different spacing distances tested under several base acceleration excitations. We observe that the frequency domain output voltage of the system shows a general excellent controllable performance, with a widening of the frequency bandwidth. The half-power bandwidth of the linear energy harvester for a distance of 25 mm is 0.8 Hz only, which can be expanded to 2.67 Hz for the larger distance of 11 mm between magnets. The energy harvester presented in this work shows promising performances for broad-spectrum vibration excitations compared to conventional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester systems with a tip mass.

PZT Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Enhancement Using Slotted Aluminium Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 932-936
Author(s):  
Mun Heng Lam ◽  
Hanim Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents work on improving piezoelectric energy harvesters. Harvesting energy from vibrations has received massive attention due to it being a renewable energy source that has a wide range of applications. Over the years of development, there is always research to further improve and optimise piezoelectric energy harvesters. For this paper, the piezoelectric specimen is made of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate), brass reinforced and has 31.8mm length, 12.7mm width and 0.511mm thick. An external beam is implemented to provide deflection amplification which in turn increases the output of the energy harvester. Depending on the configuration of the external beam, it can amplify output voltage from 100% to 300%.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Study of an L Shape Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Kim ◽  
Seon-Jun Jang ◽  
Hyung-Jo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Low Efficiency

Piezoelectric energy harvesters of cantilevered beam type are studied in various fields due to simplicity. In general, these systems obtain electrical energy from mechanical strain by bending of cantilevered beam. However, conventional systems have disadvantages that they have low efficiency in frequency regions other than resonance frequency. To overcome the limitations, various energy harvesters to apply performance enhancement strategies are proposed and investigated. In this paper, a frequency-changeable L shape energy harvester which is form connected cantilever beam and rigid arm is proposed and investigated. The conventional piezoelectric energy harvester exhibits the principal frequency in the simple bending mode whereas the proposed system features the twisting mode resulting in a higher output voltage than the conventional system. The proposed energy harvester is simplified to a two-degree-of-freedom model and its dynamics are described. How the length of a rigid bar affects its natural frequencies is also studied. To evaluate the performance of the system, experiments by using a vertical shaker and numerical simulation are carried out. As a result, it is shown that the natural frequency for a twisting mode decreases as the arm length increased, and the higher output voltage is generated comparing with those of the conventional energy harvester.

Energy Harvesting From Heartbeat Using Piezoelectric Beams With Fan-Folded Configuration and Added Tip Mass

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Multi Mode ◽  
Very High

A fan-folded piezoelectric energy harvester is designed to generate electricity using heartbeat vibrations. This energy harvester consists of several bimorph beams stacked on top of each other making a fan-folded shape. Each beam has a brass substrate and two piezoelectric patches attached on both sides of it. These beams are connected to each other by rigid beams. One end of the device is clamped to the wall and the other end is free to vibrate. A tip mass is placed at the free end to enhance the output power of the device and reduce the natural frequency of the system. High natural frequency is one major concern about the microscaled energy harvesters. The size for this energy harvester is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm, which makes the natural frequency very high. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry and adding tip mass and link mass to the configuration, this natural frequency is reduced to the desired range. The generated electricity can be used to power up a pacemaker. If enough electricity is generated, the pacemaker operates without having a battery and the patient does not need to have a surgery every seven to ten years to have the battery replaced. The power needed for a pacemaker to operate is about 1 microwatt. In this paper, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fan-folded energy harvesters with added tip mass and link mass are analytically derived. The electro-mechanical coupling has been included in the model and the expression for the multi-mode power frequency response function is calculated.

Modeling of V-Shaped Beam-Mass Piezoelectric Energy Harvester: Impact of the Angle Between the Beams

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su ◽  
Jean W. Zu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

Piezoelectric material has been widely utilized in vibration-based energy harvesters (VEH). The most common configuration of piezoelectric energy harvester is a cantilevered beam with unimorph or bimorph piezoelectric layers. In this paper, a new configuration of PEH is proposed. Two beams are assembled as V shape with tip masses attached. The first beam is a cantilevered beam with tip mass while the second beam is attached to the end of the first beam with a certain angle. Piezoelectric layers are attached to both beams in unimorph configuration for power generation. The analytical solution is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In this analysis, the angle varies from 0 to 135 degree to see the influence of angle on voltage and power frequency response. The V-shaped VEH is proven to have the second resonant frequency relatively close to the first resonant frequency when compared with conventional cantilevered VEH. Furthermore, the angle between the two beams will influence the ratio of the second to the first resonant frequency. By choosing a suitable angle, the V-shaped structure can effectively broaden the bandwidth.

scholarly journals Verified nonlinear model of piezoelectric energy harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Rubes ◽  
Martin Brablc ◽  
Zdenek Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Complex Monitoring ◽  
Tip Mass

Energy harvesting is an important topic today. Complex monitoring systems with many nodes need energy sources and vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) could be one type of them. Mathematical model of the VEH is necessary instrument to estimate possible harvested power. This paper deals with piezoelectric VEH in setting as cantilever beam with tip mass. Traditional linear model of this type of VEH is simple, however, it represents the VEH only in one operating point and in another one (another amplitude of excitation vibrations) it could return wrong results. The nonlinear model of VEH is introduced in this paper with its parameters estimation. The nonlinear model is compared with linear model and experiment to demonstrate difference between them in amplitude frequency characteristics. Finally, the average harvested power from harmonic vibrations is measured experimentally and compared with prediction from linear and nonlinear model.

Flexible, Piezoelectric Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide Energy Harvesters with Printed Electrodes for Wearable Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irsyad Suhaimi ◽  
Anis Nurashikin Nordin ◽  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Lai Ming Lim ◽  
Zambri Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilever Structure

Aims: Recent advancements in sensing technology and wireless communications have accelerated the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) which promote the usage of wearable sensors. An emerging trend is to develop self-sustainable wearable devices, thus eliminating the necessity of the user to carry bulky batteries. In this work, the development of a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of harvesting energy from low frequency vibrations is presented. The target application of this energy harvester is for usage in smart shoes. Objectives: The objectives of this research is to design, fabricate and test an energy harvester on PET substrate using Aluminum Zinc Oxide as its piezoelectric layer. Methods: The energy harvester was designed as a cantilever structure using PET/AZO/Ag layers in d33 mode which can generate large output voltages with small displacements. The electrodes were designed as an interdigitated structure in which two significant design parameters were chosen, namely the effect of gap between electrodes, g and number of interdigital electrodes (IDE) pairs, N to the output voltage and resonant frequency. Results: The sputtered AZO on PET showed c-axis orientation at 002 peak with 2 values of 34.45° which indicates piezoelectric behaviour. The silver IDE pairs were screen-printed on the AZO thin film. Functionality of the device as an energy harvester was demonstrated by testing it using a shaker. The energy harvester was capable of generating 0.867 Vrms output voltage when actuated at 49.6 Hz vibrations. Conclusion: This indicates that the AZO thin films with printed silver electrodes can be used as flexible, d33 energy harvesters.

scholarly journals A Novel Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using a Multi-Stepped Beam with Rectangular Cavities

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Usharani ◽  
Gandhi Uma ◽  
Mangalanathan Umapathy ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Stepped Beam ◽  
Operating Frequency Range ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
A New Technique

In vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters, one of the major critical issues is increasing the bandwidth and output voltage simultaneously. This manuscript explores a new technique for broadening the operating frequency range and enhancing the output voltage of the piezoelectric material-based energy harvester by appropriate structural tailoring. The wide bandwidth and the improvement in harvested output are accomplished by means of a multi-stepped cantilever beam shaped with rectangular cavities. The harvester is mathematically modeled and analyzed for modal characteristics. It was demonstrated from the outcome that the first two consecutive mode frequencies could be brought closer and the output power was large at both the resonant frequencies compared to the regular cantilever beam energy harvester. The results obtained from experimentation were in agreement with analytical results.

scholarly journals Research of PVDF Energy Harvester Cantilever Parameters for Experimental Model Realization

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Cepenas ◽  
Bingzhong Peng ◽  
Darius Andriukaitis ◽  
Chandana Ravikumar ◽  
Vytautas Markevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
True Model ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Real Value

Piezoelectric energy harvesters have been extensively researched for use with wireless sensors or low power consumption electronic devices. Most of the piezoelectric energy harvesters cannot generate enough power for potential applications. In this study, we explore the parameters, including gap and proof mass, that can affect the damping of the cantilever to optimize the design of the energy harvester. A finite analysis is conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Usually, this type of simulation is performed using the loss factor. However, it is known that results from the loss factor produce models that do not fit the experimental data well. In fact, the result of output voltage using the loss factor is 50% higher than the real value, which is due to ignoring the adverse effect of a superimposing mechanical damping of different constituent materials. In order to build a true model, Rayleigh damping coefficients are measured to use in a simulation. This resulted in a closer fit of modeling and experimental data, and a 5 times better output voltage from the optimized energy harvester compared with using the smallest gap and mass.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Array With Magnetic Tip Mass

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Guo ◽  
X. F. Zhang ◽  
H. Y. Li ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Excitation Frequencies ◽  
Tip Mass

Energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials is an alternative method for low power electronics, such as MEMS, wireless sensor network, portable devices, and nano structures, from extracting the ambient energy. Most piezoelectric energy harvesters are based on cantilever beams with laminated piezoelectric patches. To generate higher dynamic response of piezoelectric energy harvesters, tip mass is attached at the free end of the cantilever beams. Piezoelectric energy harvester array is another way to improve the power, i.e., installing a set of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters in close distance. In this research, a new design of piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed. The present design consists of an array of cantilever beams with permanent magnets at the free ends. The permanent magnets are introduced to transfer the excitation force to every cantilever beams. An experimental model is manufactured and experimental energy harvesting is carried out. Piezoelectric patches are laminated on clamped end of cantilever beams, and the permanent magnets are fixed at the free ends. All the magnets have opposite poles with each other to generate repelling force. Then these piezoelectric electric energy harvesters were connected to an AC/DC circuit and the power was measured. Also, the power of proposed piezoelectric energy harvester was compared with the piezoelectric harvesters without permanent magnets. The results show that, present design can generate higher power at the same excitation. Under the base excitation at the first natural frequency, the array of the cantilever beam show similar motion pattern, i.e., there is no phase difference between each other. At higher frequencies, the beams have a phase difference of π. Thus the crash between the cantilever beams can be effectively avoided. At lower excitation frequencies, the presented piezoelectric energy harvester vibration likes the first mode of a simple multi-degree-of-freedom system; and at higher excitation frequencies, the vibration of the presented piezoelectric vibrates like a second mode of a MDOF system.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Qiong Fan ◽  
Lijie Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

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